Water Economics and Policy最新文献

{"title":"Conflicting Drivers of Virtual Water Trade: A Review Based on the “Virtual Water Concept”","authors":"Golden Odey, B. Adelodun, Sang-hyun Kim, Kyung-Sook Choi","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21500119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500119","url":null,"abstract":"The virtual water concept has been largely applied in the study of regional, national, and global water flows with particular emphasis on water endowment. Despite water traditionally being managed locally, certain forces (drivers) influence the local water resource availability and hence virtual water exchanges. This study reviews available literature to determine those drivers and their influence on virtual water exchanges. Studies show that the drivers are numerous, and there exist several available literatures providing controversial results leading to a high level of uncertainty in the determination of their relative significance. Possible reasons for the contradicting results are discussed and suggestions made.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47241546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Note: The Role of Supplementary Service Providers in Urban Water Supply","authors":"Smitā Miśra, B. Kingdom","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21710016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21710016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47864282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Forces of Water Intensity in China’s Industrial Sector: A Global Meta-Frontier Production–Theoretical Decomposition Analysis","authors":"T. Ding, Jiang-yuan Li, Xing Shi, Huaqing Wu","doi":"10.1142/S2382624X21500107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X21500107","url":null,"abstract":"The shortage of water resources has prohibited the sustainable growth of China. Identifying the driving forces of water intensity is critical to initiating cost-effective policies and regulations to reduce water consumption across China. We develop a global meta-frontier production decomposition approach, which could simultaneously address the spatial and temporal heterogeneities, to decompose the water intensity of the industrial sector in China at various levels from 2011 to 2015. Results show that the industrial water intensity in all provinces except Shanxi has been declining over the sample period, with little potential for a further reduction. Second, at the national level, the potential water usage factor and the temporal catch-up effect of water usage technology are two significant contributors in reducing the industrial water intensity. Third, we find that some factors have mixed results at the regional and provincial levels, calling for customized policies in these aspects. Our approach provides a more precise decomposition and reveals more details in China’s variations of industrial water intensity, which has manifold implications for regional water management.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial — Volume 7 Issue 3 (July 2021)","authors":"A. Dinar","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21010037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48007552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Scarcity and Conflict Between Upstream and Downstream Riparian Countries","authors":"S. Yousef","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21500120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500120","url":null,"abstract":"More than one-quarter of the world’s population lives in water-scarce areas, while most countries share at least one transboundary river. If water scarcity is this prevalent, should we expect riparian countries to fight over the water allocation of shared rivers? To answer this question, I develop a modified one-shot three-stage river-sharing game where countries can resort to force to solve their water allocation problem. Using backward induction, I solve for the probability of the downstream country initiating conflict against the upstream country and the likelihood of the latter responding with force to the former’s hostile actions. I test the model empirically using a set of all upstream–downstream riparian dyads with available data from AQUASTAT and the Correlates of War Project for the years 1960–2010. The main contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates how upstream and downstream riparian countries differ in their decision to use force against the other country when experiencing water scarcity. I find that water scarcity increases the likelihood of the downstream country initiating the conflict, but it has no effect on the upstream country’s likelihood of responding with force. If history is a predictor of the future, then the results imply that as more riparian countries become water-scarce, militarized conflicts between upstream and downstream countries are likely to increase, especially if there is heterogeneity in water availability between the riparian dyad.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Research on the Global Allocation of Scarce Water Resources Needs Better Data","authors":"I. Dantas, R. Delzeit, G. Klepper","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21500132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500132","url":null,"abstract":"Water sustainability is central to modern political and academic debates. Despite increasing efforts to promote regional and global integrated water management, climate change, population, and economic growth, and increasing consumption of water-intensive goods project higher water deficiency. Robust economic analyses rely on information about water supply and consumption across different production sectors, type of procurement source (public or private water supply), and water prices. Nevertheless, developing current and future economic water assessments and indicators is impeded by the absence of data. Despite the lack of official national statistics on water withdrawal and consumption, a small number of international and global databases have been constructed and attempt to combine available national water information into databases. Water databases do not commonly define and/or distinguish terms such as water use, water consumption, water supply, or water abstraction, and the associated aspects of water scarcity and sustainability. They comprise variable data quality, provided by numerous sources, and estimated values. This paper evaluates the current state of knowledge of national statistics, international and global water databases. We describe the data collection methods, identify basic concepts and definitions of water terms, followed by the criteria of consistent water databases. We inform about data availability across regions, and present the data content and definitions of national, international, and global water databases. The results show inconsistencies of data content and definitions, suggesting no evidence of data harmonization among databases. Therefore, our study cautions researchers to be careful when manipulating and comparing the available water data, especially when deriving policy recommendations or economic conclusions. In the long run, the headway of water research and political assessments depend on political enforcements to refine the meaningfulness of water data and support water collection, reporting, and monitoring. Alternatively, in the short- and medium-run, water data challenges can be addressed by joint research efforts for water data harmonization.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43601572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems","authors":"M. Firat, S. Yilmaz, Abdullah Ateş, Ö. Özdemir","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21500144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500144","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to set the most appropriate targets in water loss management (WLM) and to choose the most economically and technically suitable method to achieve these targets. The aim of this work is to define the level of economic leakage with the optimization algorithm in sustainable WLM, considering the system components, requirements and costs of the methods. For this purpose, a new model based on discrete stochastic optimization has been developed to determine the most appropriate values of the pressure level and the number of teams. After the system components were entered into the model, the optimal values of parameters were determined according to the problem-specific defined objective function. It was calculated that the pressure should be reduced from 40[Formula: see text]m to 25.30[Formula: see text]m, and the number of teams was 4 for the sample system. The Economic Leakage Level for the system was calculated as 145.85[Formula: see text]m3/day in volume and 11.9% in percentage.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diaries to Increase the Adoption of Chlorine Tablets for Water Purification by Poor Households","authors":"A. Akram, R. Mendelsohn","doi":"10.1142/S2382624X21500090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X21500090","url":null,"abstract":"Over half-a-million children die annually from diarrheal disease. Despite the availability and known benefits of chlorine tablets, vulnerable populations in developing countries rarely use chlorine...","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49247519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Engagement Improve Groundwater Management?","authors":"F. Silva, R. Perrin, L. Fulginiti, M. Burbach","doi":"10.1142/S2382624X21500089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X21500089","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater use often has external effects on both the environment and future groundwater benefits, leading to overwithdrawal. Ostrom’s research on common property resources (CPRs) and related lite...","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44933497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Potential PES Mechanism for Agroforestry-Led Industrial Wastewater Remediation Using Short-Rotation Trees","authors":"R. Ranjan","doi":"10.1142/S2382624X21500065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X21500065","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial effluents and municipal wastewaters are increasingly finding their way into freshwater bodies, posing serious health and environmental challenges. In this paper, the potential for industrial wastewater remediation through agroforestry is explored for a peri-urban farming region in India. Farmers are incentivized under a payment for ecosystem services (PES) mechanism to convert their farmlands into poplar-based agroforestry and utilize industrial effluents for irrigating trees. Additional income can be derived through sale of poplar timber which enhances the attractiveness of such a PES mechanism. A dynamic optimization model compares farmers’ optimal land use allocation to a socially optimal case. Further, the firm’s effluent discharge outcomes are compared to an alternative arrangement where it is fined for discharging untreated wastewater into waterbodies in the absence of the agroforestry remediation option. Results support the attractiveness of such PES mechanisms in addressing the industrial effluent discharge problem while simultaneously mitigating the effects of water scarcity through wastewater reclamation. The optimal level of tax required to accomplish complete treatment of effluents by polluting firms is several times higher compared to PES payments. Further, the incentive to convert farmland into poplar plantations improves with PES payments but declines with higher profitability of agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}