Bmj Military Health最新文献

{"title":"Athlete's foot and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study.","authors":"Fetty Aliuddin, A Lyons, O O'Sullivan, S Kluzek, R Pearson","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002379","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How 'STRONG' is the British Army?","authors":"Peter Ladlow, C Suffield, J P Greeves, P Comfort, J Hughes, R P Cassidy, A N Bennett, R J Coppack","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002508","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from the past to guide the future: The RAMC at 125.","authors":"Oliver O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002531","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use and its associated factors among Ethiopian military personnel.","authors":"Alemu Tesfahun Fida, M Kaba, A Worku","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002217","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies indicate that alcohol use is more prevalent in the military and that such use is related to coping mechanisms for stress. Alcohol use could result in health and social problems. However, little is known about alcohol use in Ethiopian military personnel.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the level of alcohol use and its associated factors in the Ethiopian military.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study including participants from the Ground and Air Forces of the Ethiopian National Defence Forces was conducted from February to June 2021. A representative sample of 502 military personnel from the two forces participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the individual level of alcohol use and its associated factors. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to identify likely problematic alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥8). Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were run to identify associated factors with alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately half of the respondents (49.8%, 95% CI 45.4% to 54.0%) were alcohol drinkers. Of the current alcohol users, 142 (63.1 %) were infrequent users; 60 (26.7 %) were moderate drinkers; and 23 (10.2 %) were heavy drinkers. Based on the AUDIT composite score, 71 (33.0%) of male participants were classified as having a score indicative of hazardous and harmful drinking and possible alcohol dependence behaviours. After adjusting for covariates, alcohol drinking was statistically significantly associated with higher odds of being: male, younger age, part of the Ground Force, smoker and high risk-taker.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides an initial step to addressing patterns of harmful and hazardous alcohol use in the Ethiopian National Defence Forces. Findings indicate the need to integrate alcohol abuse prevention into existing health education and behaviour change efforts of the Ethiopian National Defence Forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packaged food rations in the Army of the Czech Republic.","authors":"Vladimir Pavlik, M Dlouhý, B Kupsová, V Šafka","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002384","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9775279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoarthritis in the UK Armed Forces: a review of its impact, treatment and future research.","authors":"Oliver O'Sullivan, F P Behan, R J Coppack, J Stocks, S Kluzek, A M Valdes, A N Bennett","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002390","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the UK Armed Forces, musculoskeletal injuries account for over half of all medical downgrades and discharges. Data from other Armed Forces show that osteoarthritis (OA), more common in military personnel, is likely to contribute to this, both in its primary form and following injury (post-traumatic OA, PTOA), which typically presents in the third or fourth decade. OA is not a progressive 'wear and tear' disease, as previously thought, but a heterogenous condition with multiple aetiologies and modulators, including joint damage, abnormal morphology, altered biomechanics, genetics, low-grade inflammation and dysregulated metabolism. Currently, clinical diagnosis, based on symptomatic or radiological criteria, is followed by supportive measures, including education, exercise, analgesia, potentially surgical intervention, with a particular focus on exercise rehabilitation within the UK military. Developments in OA have led to a new paradigm of organ failure, with an emphasis on early diagnosis and risk stratification, prevention strategies (primary, secondary and tertiary) and improved aetiological classification using genotypes and phenotypes to guide management, with the introduction of biological markers (biomarkers) potentially having a role in all these areas. In the UK Armed Forces, there are multiple research studies focused on OA risk factors, epidemiology, biomarkers and effectiveness of different interventions. This review aims to highlight OA, especially PTOA, as an important diagnosis to consider in serving personnel, outline current and future management options, and detail current research trends within the Defence Medical Services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of heart rate variability during emergency flight simulator missions in fighter pilots.","authors":"Carlos Fernández-Morales, L Espejo-Antúnez, V J Clemente-Suárez, F B Tabla-Hinojosa, M Albornoz-Cabello","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002242","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Managing emergency situations in different simulated flight segments can entail a workload that could affect the performance of military pilots. The aim was to analyse the modifications in neurovegetative balance (using HR variability, HRV) of professional fighter pilots attending learning/training sessions on emergency situations in a flight simulator.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 18 pilots from the Spanish Air and Space Force were included. HRV was recorded simultaneously during diverse simulated emergency situations in three different flight segments: take-off, in-flight and landing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparison between take-off and in-flight revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms from each other (pNN50), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD), standard desviation 1 and 2 (SD1 and SD2), and a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000) in stress score (SS) and in the sympathetic to parasympathetic ratio (S:PS). Between flight and landing, a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, SS and S:PS was shown, while experiencing a significant decrease (p<0.000) in pNN50, rMSSD and SD2. Finally, between take-off and landing, the variables which showed significant changes (p<0.05), with these changes being a significant increase, were mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, rMSSD, SD1 and SD2. SS and S:PS ratios showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An emergency situation in a flight simulator manoeuvre produced an anticipatory anxiety response in pilots, demonstrated by low HRV, which increased during the flight segment and decreased during the landing segment of the flight. <b>Trial registration number</b> NCT04487899.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 12 weeks of basic military training on testosterone and cortisol responses.","authors":"Jamie L Tait, S M Bulmer, J M Drake, J R Drain, L C Main","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002179","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Military personnel train and operate in challenging multistressor environments, which can affect hormonal levels, and subsequently compromise performance and recovery. The aims of this project were to evaluate concentrations of cortisol and testosterone and subjective perceptions of stress and recovery across basic military training (BMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>32 male recruits undergoing BMT were tracked over a 12-week course. Saliva samples were collected weekly, on waking, 30 min postwaking and bedtime. Perceptions of stress and recovery were collected weekly. Daily physical activity (steps) were measured via wrist-mounted accelerometers across BMT. Physical fitness was assessed via the multistage fitness test and push-ups in weeks 2 and 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concentrations of testosterone and cortisol, and the testosterone:cortisol ratio changed significantly across BMT, with variations in responses concurrent with programmatic demands. Perceptions of stress and recovery also fluctuated according to training elements. Recruits averaged 17 027 steps per day between weeks 2 and 12, with week-to-week variations. On average, recruits significantly increased predicted VO_2max (3.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 6.1) mL/kg/min) and push-ups (5. 5 (95% CI 1.4 to 9.7) repetitions) between weeks 2 and 8.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recruit stress responses oscillated over BMT in line with programmatic demands indicating that BMT was, at a group level, well-tolerated with no signs of enduring physiological strain or overtraining. The sensitivity of cortisol, testosterone and the testosterone:cortisol ratio to the stressors of military training, suggest they may have a role in monitoring physiological strain in military personnel. Subjective measures may also have utility within a monitoring framework to help ensure adaptive, rather than maladaptive (eg, injury, attrition), outcomes in military recruits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40659491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of physiological and mental workloads of faster and slower finishers of a long-distance military training activity.","authors":"Tirthankar Chatterjee, D Bhattacharyya, A Yadav, M Pal","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002154","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-distance runs with equipment are practised in military training establishments to develop physical stamina and prepare for battles. A study was planned to quantify and compare the physiological and mental workloads of the early and late finishers of a military endurance run through the jungle terrain of north-eastern India in hot and humid conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five soldiers of the Indian Army completed a 15 km run through a rural and jungle track with 6.5 kg of equipment. Twelve participants who finished the race before 130 min were categorised as 'early finishers', and 13 were categorised as 'late finishers' who finished the race after 130 min. Physiological parameters, viz., heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), estimated core temperature (ECT), peak acceleration (PAC), and physiological intensity (PHYI) and mechanical intensity (MECHI) were recorded using BioHarness V.3 (Zephyr Technologies, USA) and NASA Task Load Index scores were obtained to assess mental workload. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess the level of significance at a p value of <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR, ECT and PAC were significantly higher (167.9 and 156.0 beats/min, 39.0℃ and 38.4℃, and 1.1 and 1.0 g, respectively) for the first group compared with the second group. The second group expressed higher BR and subjective responses ('total scores' were 76.5 and 82.5, respectively) than the first. The PHYI was significantly higher (from 7.2 to 6.3) for the first group, whereas the MECHI was similar in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The successful completion by the first group can be attributed to their motivation to continue heavy work in an adverse environment, and their ability to negotiate with natural obstacles was reflected through controlled subjective responses. Adoption of a possible safe and stable approach to the same task might have led the second group to take a longer duration, exert higher mental effort and demand lower physiological cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, design and experience of the UK Military's return to diving pathway following SARS-CoV-2 infection.","authors":"Stuart McPhail, D Steed, D Holdsworth, E Nicol, A Bennett, S Phillips","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002327","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020, it quickly became clear that symptomatic or asymptomatic infection had the potential to negatively impact on an individual's fitness to dive through effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular or neurological systems. The significance of these effects in the military diving environment was initially unclear due to an absence of data concerning incidence, chronology or severity. In order to safely return divers to the water and maintain operational capability, the UK Military developed a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 positive divers that stratified risk of sequelae and extent of required clinical investigation, while minimising reliance on viral testing and hospital-based investigations. We present this process, provide rationale and support for its design and detail the number of SARS-CoV-2 positive divers who have been returned to full diving fitness following infection of varying degrees of severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}