{"title":"The limits of psychological safety: Nonlinear relationships with performance","authors":"Liat Eldor , Michal Hodor , Peter Cappelli","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>While psychological safety climate is widely seen as having a positive relationship with work performance, there are compelling reasons as to why that may not always apply. We draw on cognitive psychology literature to suggest that high levels of psychological safety climate can actually harm the </span><em>performance of routine tasks.</em> The negative effect of high levels of psychological safety climate on these tasks can be moderated, however, by collective accountability. We find evidence for these propositions across five independent studies at different levels of analysis and organizational settings. We find that while moderate levels of psychological safety climate are associated with better in-role performance, high levels are associated with decreasing in-role performance. Collective accountability can buffer that decreasing performance. These results help identify the boundary conditions of psychological safety climate and extend research on it to organization-level and business outcomes with real-world consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander K. Moore , Joshua Lewis , Emma E. Levine , Maurice E. Schweitzer
{"title":"Benevolent friends and high integrity leaders: How preferences for benevolence and integrity change across relationships","authors":"Alexander K. Moore , Joshua Lewis , Emma E. Levine , Maurice E. Schweitzer","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals value benevolence and integrity in their partners. However, in many workplace dilemmas benevolence and integrity conflict. Across 5 experiments (and 8 supplemental studies), we demonstrate that the relative importance individuals attach to having partners that prioritize either benevolence or integrity systematically shifts across relationships. We introduce the Size-Closeness-Hierarchy (SCH) Model, a theoretical framework to characterize preferences individuals have for benevolent versus high-integrity partners across workplace relationships that vary in group size, emotional closeness, and hierarchy. According to our model, as relationships involve more people, become more emotionally distant, and become more hierarchical (relational features common in leaders), individuals become more likely to prefer high-integrity partners. However, as relationships involve fewer people, become more emotionally close, and become more equal (relational features common in friends), individuals become more likely prefer benevolent partners. Our findings advance our understanding of the interplay between moral values, leadership, and interpersonal perceptions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49090551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It’s the journey, not just the destination: Conveying interpersonal warmth in written introductions","authors":"Kelly A. Nault , Ovul Sezer , Nadav Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Professionals are often required to introduce themselves and engage in self-promotion in writing. Text-based self-promotion allows people to reach a wide audience but can make it difficult to convey warmth. Across seven studies (<em>N</em> = 2,533), we show that people conveyed greater warmth in written introductions when they emphasized their <em>journey</em> (i.e., the path taken to achieve their accomplishments) along with their <em>outcomes</em> (i.e., the accomplishments). In Studies 1a-1d, we used a real-world context and found that more journey-oriented LinkedIn introductions increased warmth perceptions, partly because these introducers were perceived as humbler. These results extended beyond naïve evaluators to human resources specialists. Studies 2–4 experimentally replicated these effects, additionally examining how information regarding the difficulty of outcomes affected perceptions and identifying communication medium as a boundary condition: journey information increased perceived warmth in text, but not video introductions. Adding journey information to written introductions conveys warmth and creates more favorable impressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia A. Minson , Corinne Bendersky , Carsten de Dreu , Eran Halperin , Juliana Schroeder
{"title":"Experimental studies of conflict: Challenges, solutions, and advice to junior scholars","authors":"Julia A. Minson , Corinne Bendersky , Carsten de Dreu , Eran Halperin , Juliana Schroeder","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conflict plays a profound role in the lives of individuals, organizations, and entire societies – and has become an ever-expanding area of interdisciplinary research. This special issue brings together five new papers examining conflict antecedents and processes using the experimental method. In the following introduction, we consider the challenges inherent to studying conflict using experiments and the various approaches that researchers have developed to overcome some of those challenges. In doing so, we present a high-level taxonomy of successful experimental approaches to the study of conflict and highlight the manner in which the papers in the Special issue exemplify each of these approaches. We conclude with several pieces of specific advice to researchers seeking to make robust and impactful contributions to this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47497055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The transforming power of self-forgiveness in the aftermath of wrongdoing","authors":"Madeline Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the impact of self-forgiveness on transgressors’ self-improvement motivation and their subsequent moral disengagement and unethical behavior. It also investigates whether self-forgiveness might be more critical for transgressors with a fixed mindset compared to those with a growth mindset. Eight studies (Total <em>N =</em> 2,522), in which self-forgiveness was both measured (Studies 1a to 3) and experimentally manipulated (Studies 4 and 5), were conducted to test the proposed theoretical model. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that when transgressors forgive themselves for a transgression, they show greater self-improvement motivation, and therefore are less likely to morally disengage and commit another transgression. Furthermore, self-forgiveness offers greater benefits for transgressors with a fixed mindset than those with a growth mindset. These findings highlight the transforming power of self-forgiveness, particularly for individuals with a fixed mindset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tainted nudge","authors":"Despoina Alempaki , Andrea Isoni , Daniel Read","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nudges are increasingly used by governments and organizations to promote behaviors like healthy eating or effective financial planning. Due to their cost-effectiveness, such nudges may earn a profit for the nudger. We investigate whether this profit taints nudges, as suggested by recent research showing that altruistic acts can be regarded less favourably if they result in private benefits to the actor. Across seven preregistered experiments, we demonstrate that prosocial nudges are indeed rated less positively if a profit is earned. But this tainting is limited: prosocial but profitable nudges are evaluated much more favourably than merely profitable ones, unless profit-motivated nudgers deceptively claim their motive is prosocial. Our findings apply to both for-profit and non-profit organizations and provide behaviorally informed guidelines for the introduction of nudge interventions. We suggest organizations can avoid the potential risk of backlash by openly disclosing the win–win nature of their prosocial nudges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46782059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Skarlicki , Kin Lo , Rafael Rogo , Bruce J. Avolio , CodieAnn DeHaas
{"title":"The role of CEO accounts and perceived integrity in analysts’ forecasts","authors":"Daniel Skarlicki , Kin Lo , Rafael Rogo , Bruce J. Avolio , CodieAnn DeHaas","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although holding oneself accountable is deemed important for effective leadership, CEOs tend to demonstrate a self-serving tendency when reporting their company’s performance to the financial community. Leaders do so by providing internal accounts for favorable performance and external accounts for unfavorable performance. The effects of this strategy on the financial community’s judgments of a company’s value, however, is frequently mixed. Guided by the actor-observer perspective, we propose that observers (i.e., analysts) are likely to provide higher forecasts for firms whose CEOs attribute unfavorable organizational outcomes to internal factors and favorable outcomes to external factors. Integrating this conceptual perspective with attribution theory, we predicted that CEO accounts will have a stronger influence on analysts’ forecasts when the company performs unfavorably versus favorably. Results of archival data analysis (<em>N</em> = 35,676 quarterly earnings conference calls) generally supported our hypothesis, and were then replicated in a pre-registered follow-up field experiment (Study 2; <em>N</em> = 307), showing that analysts’ perceptions of the leader’s integrity mediated the effects of CEO accounts on analysts’ evaluation of the company. The mediating role of leader integrity was only significant when the company performed unfavorably (versus favorably). The present research adds to theory on causal accounts and perceived leader integrity, while offering guidance on how leaders’ accounts can relate to observers’ evaluations of those leaders and their companies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The downside of decision delegation: When transferring decision responsibility incurs interpersonal costs","authors":"Hayley Blunden , Mary Steffel","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When facing decisions, managers and employees often seek coworker support. They may ask for advice, retaining decision responsibility, or delegate, transferring decision responsibility. Prior work shows that people who seek decision support via delegation expect to avoid the burdens of decision responsibility, like regret and blame. But might these anticipated benefits sometimes come at an interpersonal cost? Drawing from fairness theory, we hypothesize and find that decision support providers often respond to delegators (versus advice seekers) with reduced willingness to help them with future decisions or hire them, perceiving those seeking to offload decision responsibility as less fair. This interpersonal penalization is attenuated when the potential for perceived unfairness is reduced: when decision responsibility transfer is perceived as less likely to make the support provider worse off (when the decision involves allocating desirable outcomes to others) or more legitimate (when the decision lies within the scope of the helper’s role).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43694872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia J. Lee Cunningham , Daniel M. Cable , Gianpiero Petriglieri , David K. Sherman
{"title":"Advances in self-narratives in, across, and beyond organizations","authors":"Julia J. Lee Cunningham , Daniel M. Cable , Gianpiero Petriglieri , David K. Sherman","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45554611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam A. Kay , Theodore C. Masters-Waage , Jochen Reb , Pavlos A. Vlachos
{"title":"Mindfully outraged: Mindfulness increases deontic retribution for third-party injustice","authors":"Adam A. Kay , Theodore C. Masters-Waage , Jochen Reb , Pavlos A. Vlachos","doi":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mindfulness is known to temper negative reactions by both victims and perpetrators of injustice. Accordingly, critics claim that mindfulness numbs people to injustice, raising concerns about its moral implications. Examining how mindful observers respond to third-party injustice, we integrate mindfulness with deontic justice theory to propose that mindfulness does not numb but rather enlivens people to injustice committed by others against others. Results from three studies show that mindfulness heightens moral outrage in witnesses of injustice, particularly when the injustice is only moderate. Although these findings did not replicate with a mindfulness induction, post-hoc analysis in a fourth study reveals that measured state mindfulness perhaps heightens moral outrage when observers have a weak deontic justice orientation. In documenting this moral enlivening effect, we demonstrate that mindfulness – measured as a state or trait – leads people to exact greater deontic retribution against perpetrators of third-party injustice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48442,"journal":{"name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}