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The Economic Impact of the Black Death 黑死病对经济的影响
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201639
Remi Jedwab,Noel D. Johnson,Mark Koyama
{"title":"The Economic Impact of the Black Death","authors":"Remi Jedwab,Noel D. Johnson,Mark Koyama","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201639","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Death was the largest demographic shock in European history. We review the evidence for the origins, spread, and mortality of the disease. We document that it was a plausibly exogenous shock to the European economy and trace out its aggregate and local impacts in both the short run and the long run. The initial effect of the plague was highly disruptive. Wages and per capita income rose. But, in the long run, this rise was only sustained in some parts of Europe. The other indirect long-run effects of the Black Death are associated with the growth of Europe relative to the rest of the world, especially Asia and the Middle East (the Great Divergence), a shift in the economic geography of Europe toward the northwest (the Little Divergence), the demise of serfdom in western Europe, a decline in the authority of religious institutions, and the emergence of stronger states. Finally, avenues for future research are laid out. (JEL N13, N30, N43, J10, I12, I14, I30)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"41 24","pages":"132-178"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Blockchain Technologies, Applications and Cryptocurrencies: Current Practice and Future Trends 书评：区块链技术、应用和加密货币：当前实践和未来趋势
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r3
{"title":"Book Review: Blockchain Technologies, Applications and Cryptocurrencies: Current Practice and Future Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r3","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Chiu of the Bank of Canada reviews “Blockchain Technologies, Applications and Cryptocurrencies: Current Practice and Future Trends” edited by Sam Goundar. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Eleven papers explore the management, organization, and technological use of blockchains and cryptocurrencies, detailing their applications in areas such as government, health care, and international development.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42894568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Regional Integration in West Africa: Is There a Role for a Single Currency? 书评：西非区域一体化：单一货币有作用吗？
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r2
{"title":"Book Review: Regional Integration in West Africa: Is There a Role for a Single Currency?","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.60.1.279.r2","url":null,"abstract":"Illenin O. Kondo of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis reviews “Regional Integration in West Africa: Is There a Role for a Single Currency?” by Eswar S. Prasad and Vera Songwe. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Presents an evaluation of alternative exchange rate regimes and their relative benefits and complexities given the structure of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, discussing the institutional framework and broader aspects of economic and political integration required to underpin a stable and durable currency union.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Looking Back at 50 Years of the Clean Air Act 《清洁空气法》50年回顾
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201626
Joseph E. Aldy,Maximilian Auffhammer,Maureen Cropper,Arthur Fraas,Richard Morgenstern
{"title":"Looking Back at 50 Years of the Clean Air Act","authors":"Joseph E. Aldy,Maximilian Auffhammer,Maureen Cropper,Arthur Fraas,Richard Morgenstern","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201626","url":null,"abstract":"We synthesize and review retrospective analyses of federal air quality regulations to examine the contributions of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to the vast air quality improvements seen since 1970. Geographic heterogeneity in stringency affects emissions, public health, compliance costs, and employment. Cap-and-trade has delivered greater emission reductions at lower cost than conventional mandates, yet has fallen short of textbook ideals. Market power also influenced the CAA’s benefits and costs. New benefit categories have been identified ex post, but specific technology requirements have not yet been rigorously evaluated. Comparisons of aggregate benefits and costs of the CAA are beyond present capabilities. (JEL D61, K32, Q51, Q53, Q58)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"41 23","pages":"179-232"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Journal of Economic Literature, March 2022, Volume LX, Number 1 《经济文献杂志》，2022年3月，第1期
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.60.1.1
{"title":"Journal of Economic Literature, March 2022, Volume LX, Number 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.60.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.60.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42052630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Lessons for COVID-19 1918年流感大流行及其对COVID-19的教训
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201641
Brian Beach,Karen Clay,Martin Saavedra
{"title":"The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Lessons for COVID-19","authors":"Brian Beach,Karen Clay,Martin Saavedra","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201641","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the global health and economic consequences of the 1918 influenza pandemic, with a particular focus on topics that have seen a renewed interest because of COVID-19. We begin by providing an overview of key contextual and epidemiological details as well as the data that are available to researchers. We then examine the effects on mortality, fertility, and the economy in the short and medium run. The role of non-pharmaceutical interventions in shaping those outcomes is discussed throughout. We then examine longer-lasting health consequences and their impact on human capital accumulation and socioeconomic status. Throughout the paper we highlight important areas for future work. (JEL E24, E32, I12, I15, J13, J24, N30)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"10 1","pages":"41-84"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemics, Inequality, and Poverty in Preindustrial and Early Industrial Times 工业化前和工业化早期的流行病、不平等和贫困
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201640
G. Alfani
{"title":"Epidemics, Inequality, and Poverty in Preindustrial and Early Industrial Times","authors":"G. Alfani","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201640","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has explored the distributive consequences of major historical epidemics, and the current crisis triggered by COVID-19 prompts us to look at the past for insights about how pandemics can affect inequalities in income, wealth, and health. The fourteenth-century Black Death, which is usually believed to have led to a significant reduction in economic inequality, has attracted the greatest attention. However, the picture becomes much more complex if other epidemics are considered. This article covers the worst epidemics of preindustrial times, from the Plague of Justinian of 540–41 to the last great European plagues of the seventeenth century, as well as the cholera waves of the nineteenth. It shows how the distributive outcomes of lethal epidemics do not only depend upon mortality rates, but are mediated by a range of factors, chief among them the institutional framework in place at the onset of each crisis. It then explores how past epidemics affected poverty, arguing that highly lethal epidemics could reduce its prevalence through two deeply different mechanisms: redistribution toward the poor or extermination of the poor. It concludes by recalling the historical connection between the progressive weakening and spacing in time of lethal epidemics and improvements in life expectancy, and by discussing how epidemics affected inequality in health and living standards. (JEL D31, I12, I14, I30, N30, J11, J31)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
A Review of Robert Sugden’s Community of Advantage 罗伯特·苏登的优势共同体理论述评
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201621
Patrick Harless, Romans Pancs
{"title":"A Review of Robert Sugden’s Community of Advantage","authors":"Patrick Harless, Romans Pancs","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201621","url":null,"abstract":"In his book, The Community of Advantage: A Behavioural Economist’s Defence of the Market, Robert Sugden says that people should be left alone to do what they want. We interpret his reasons for saying so and try to unify them. The unification uses simple economic models. When we fail to unify, we explain why. Open problems emerge. If Sugden’s passion for his subject won’t motivate the reader to pursue these problems, what will? (JEL C71, C72, D60, D71, D72, I31)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47907221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses 现代传染病:宏观经济影响和政策应对
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201642
David E. Bloom,Michael Kuhn,Klaus Prettner
{"title":"Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses","authors":"David E. Bloom,Michael Kuhn,Klaus Prettner","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201642","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics and pandemics since the late twentieth century. First, we cover the role of health in driving economic growth and well-being and discuss standard frameworks for assessing the economic burden of infectious diseases. Second, we sketch a general theoretical framework to evaluate the trade-offs policy makers must consider when addressing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. In so doing, we emphasize the dependence of economic consequences on (i) disease characteristics; (ii) inequalities among individuals in terms of susceptibility, preferences, and income; and (iii) cross-country heterogeneities in terms of their institutional and macroeconomic environments. Third, we study pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical policies aimed at mitigating and preventing infectious diseases and their macroeconomic repercussions. Fourth, we discuss the health toll and economic impacts of five infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Although major epidemics and pandemics can take an enormous human toll and impose a staggering economic burden, early and targeted health and economic policy interventions can often mitigate both to a substantial degree. (JEL E20, H50, I12, I14, I15, I18, J17)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"42 4","pages":"85-131"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Annotated Listing of New Books 新书注释目录
IF 12.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Literature Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1257/jel.59.4.1382
{"title":"Annotated Listing of New Books","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1382","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's NoteOur policy is to annotate all English-language books on economics and related subjects that are sent to us. A very small number of foreign-language books are called to our attention and annotated by our consulting editors or others. Our staff does not monitor and order books published; therefore, if an annotation of a book does not appear six months after the publication date, please write to us or the publisher concerning the book.","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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