Social Forces最新文献_第5页

Welfare benefit cuts in early childhood and future educational outcomes: a natural experiment 削减儿童早期福利和未来教育成果：一个自然实验

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf042

Dana Shay, Esther Adi-Japha, Yossi Shavit

{"title":"Welfare benefit cuts in early childhood and future educational outcomes: a natural experiment","authors":"Dana Shay, Esther Adi-Japha, Yossi Shavit","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf042","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the long-term effect of early childhood poverty on a child’s life prospects presents a methodological challenge due to the potential endogeneity of family income, making it difficult to establish a clear causal relationship. This study addresses this challenge by exploiting a natural experiment: a major reduction in child allowances and income support benefits for families with young children, which disproportionately affected large and low-income families. We examine the subsequent impact of this policy change on children’s educational achievements. Using administrative population data, we compare the standardized test scores of Israeli fifth-grade students born in 2002—just before the reform, when social security allowances were more generous—to those born in 2004, immediately after the reform was implemented. OLS and Difference-in-Differences analyses reveal a significant negative effect on the test scores of pupils from low-income, large families born after the reform. In particular, fifth-and-last birth-order children in low-income families exhibited significantly lower scores compared to their counterparts born before the reform. No similar effect was observed among children of lower birth order or those from higher-income families born after the reform. These findings underscore the lasting effect of early childhood socioeconomic disparities on educational outcomes and highlight the critical role of social security policy changes in shaping long-term inequality among vulnerable social groups.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It is not what you weigh, it is how you present it: body size, attractiveness, physical functioning, and access to partnership and sexuality for older men and women 重要的不是你的体重，而是你如何表现它：体型、吸引力、身体机能，以及老年男女获得伴侣和性行为的途径

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf046

Yiang Li, Linda J Waite

{"title":"It is not what you weigh, it is how you present it: body size, attractiveness, physical functioning, and access to partnership and sexuality for older men and women","authors":"Yiang Li, Linda J Waite","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf046","url":null,"abstract":"Physical attractiveness has been linked to better economic, dyadic, and health outcomes but is understudied. We focus here on the gendered implications of attractiveness for one component of social well-being, access to intimate partnership and sexuality, among older adults. In addition, we examine the role of body size, as measured and rated by an observer, in evaluating attractiveness and the diverging consequences for women and men. We use data from Rounds 1 (2005–2006) and 2 (2010–2011) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2,144) to explore the association of two measures of body size, weight relative to height (body mass index [BMI]) and interviewer assessments of body size, with sexual behavior that requires a partner and sexual behavior that does not. We find that at larger body sizes as reflected in both the BMI and rated body shape, women—but not men—face a lower probability of having a partner and engaging in partnered sex, and a lower frequency of vaginal intercourse and receiving sexual touch. These associations are mediated by physical functioning for the BMI and by attractiveness as rated by the interviewer for rated body shape. We also find that women—but not men—are more likely to report finding sex not pleasurable at a higher BMI, which partly operates through the mechanism of functional limitations. We suggest that these findings reflect different attractiveness standards for men and women, which reduce women’s access to partners and partnered sex but not solitary sex, such as masturbation.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The limits of feminization: gender composition and mental wellbeing in the medical profession 女性化的限制：医疗行业的性别构成和心理健康

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf039

Tania M Jenkins, Alyssa R Browne

{"title":"The limits of feminization: gender composition and mental wellbeing in the medical profession","authors":"Tania M Jenkins, Alyssa R Browne","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf039","url":null,"abstract":"As more women enter traditionally male-dominated professions, it is important to understand how feminization has—or has not—impacted work cultures, with implications for women’s mental wellbeing. Research on proportional representation and mental health suggests that as professions feminize, women’s mental wellbeing should benefit from shifting peer cultures. However, gender stratification scholars argue that interactional cultures are also shaped by macrolevel factors like institutional rules and hegemonic beliefs that may temper cultural change. We examine the case of medicine, a profession that has feminized rapidly but unevenly over recent decades, to investigate the extent to which increasing representation of women shapes not only local peer cultures, but also the professional logics and rules that frame those local cultures, in ways that may affect women’s mental wellbeing. Drawing on interviews with physicians and trainees in more- and less-feminizing specialties, we find that masculinized norms persist across fields, regardless of feminization, because these ideals are codified through enduring professional rules and logics. These ideals can negatively shape women’s mental wellbeing, as they either disengage from their work or grow frustrated with sexist expectations—especially those in more feminized specialties who expected a more “women-friendly” experience. Our findings suggest that increasing proportional representation may be necessary but insufficient for prompting profession-wide cultural change and improving women’s mental wellbeing, given the complexity of the gender structure.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colonial legacy and contemporary civil violence: a global study from 1960 to 2018 殖民遗产与当代国内暴力：1960 年至 2018 年的全球研究

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf036

Christopher Kollmeyer

{"title":"Colonial legacy and contemporary civil violence: a global study from 1960 to 2018","authors":"Christopher Kollmeyer","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf036","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses whether the legacy of colonialism continues to influence patterns of civil violence in the contemporary era. A large and established quantitative literature attributes civil violence to low levels of economic development and limited political rights, but few quantitative studies consider whether colonial legacy plays an enduring role in such conflicts. This is surprising given the substantial evidence showing that colonialism impeded long-run development in many parts of the world. Drawing on ideas from macro-comparative sociology, institutional economics, and political science, the study develops several theoretical expectations regarding colonialism’s effect on contemporary civil violence. These ideas are tested with a global sample of 152 countries observed annually from 1960 to 2018. Results from logistic regression models support the contention that (1) post-colonial societies are more prone to civil violence than non-colonized societies, that (2) ex-British colonies are especially prone to ethnic-based civil violence while ex-Spanish colonies are especially prone to socio-economic-based civil violence, and that (3) these historical effects change and evolve but never fully abate. This latter finding implies that elevated levels of civil violence are a path-dependent legacy of colonialism. The study ends by running robustness checks and discussing the theoretical implications of the study’s findings, in particular reflecting on our understanding of the long-run consequences of colonialism.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional anomie, religious ecologies, and violence in American communities 制度失范、宗教生态和美国社区暴力

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf034

Samuel Stroope, Rachel J Bacon, Michael S Barton, Elizabeth E Brault, Rhiannon A Kroeger, Joseph O Baker

{"title":"Institutional anomie, religious ecologies, and violence in American communities","authors":"Samuel Stroope, Rachel J Bacon, Michael S Barton, Elizabeth E Brault, Rhiannon A Kroeger, Joseph O Baker","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf034","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional anomie theory (IAT) posits that religion is a social institution that influences crime, yet religion has been relatively neglected in empirical research on IAT. We elaborate the role of religion within IAT, methodologically differentiate religious traditions, and empirically test hypotheses regarding local religious ecologies and community homicide over time in the United States. In analyses of county-level panel data, we find that increases in the evangelical Protestant adherent rate are directly associated with increases in homicide rates, while increases in the Catholic adherent rate are directly associated with decreases in homicide rates. Using spatial analysis to examine spillover effects from adjacent locations, increases in the Catholic adherent rate and the evangelical Protestant adherent rate are indirectly associated with increases in homicide, while increases in the mainline Protestant adherent rate are indirectly associated with decreases in homicide. The total effect (both direct and indirect) for changes in the evangelical Protestant adherent rate is the largest in the model. In sum, elaborating and extending IAT, this study theorizes and then demonstrates the importance of differentiating between specific religious traditions for understanding spatial and temporal patterns in crime.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"3-4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overstatement of GDP growth in autocracies and the recent decline in global inequality 对专制国家GDP增长的夸大，以及最近全球不平等程度的下降

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf026

Roshan K Pandian

{"title":"Overstatement of GDP growth in autocracies and the recent decline in global inequality","authors":"Roshan K Pandian","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf026","url":null,"abstract":"After rising for almost two centuries, global income inequality declined substantially after 2000. While past scholarship on global inequality has explored several causes for this recent decline in inequality, these studies take for granted the official GDP figures released by national governments. A parallel social science literature has documented the manipulation of official data to exaggerate economic performance in autocratic countries, but this work has stopped short of examining the broader implications of this phenomenon. In this study, I explore the overstatement of GDP growth figures in autocracies as another contributor to the recent decline in estimates of global inequality based on officially reported GDP figures. Drawing on satellite-based night-time lights data and an empirical strategy from recent research, I compute model-based estimates of GDP overstatement in autocracies. I then combine this information with data on within-country income inequality to arrive at adjusted estimates of global income inequality in a sample of 109 countries constituting 92 percent of the world’s population. I find that between 1995 and 2014, ~20 percent of the decline in global inequality can be explained by the overstatement of GDP growth in less democratic countries. I conclude by discussing the broader implications of these findings for our understanding of global inequality and its political economy.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathing unequal air: environmental disadvantage and residential sorting of immigrant minorities in England and Germany 呼吸不平等的空气：英国和德国少数民族移民的环境劣势和居住分类

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf032

Tobias Rüttenauer, Felix Bader, Ingmar Ehler, Henning Best

{"title":"Breathing unequal air: environmental disadvantage and residential sorting of immigrant minorities in England and Germany","authors":"Tobias Rüttenauer, Felix Bader, Ingmar Ehler, Henning Best","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf032","url":null,"abstract":"Despite ongoing debates on environmental justice, the link between selective residential migration and the unequal exposure to environmental hazards remains underexplored. Previous research has often relied on spatially aggregated data and focused on single-country analyses, limiting our understanding of broader patterns. We address this gap using longitudinal household-level data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the German Socio-Economic Panel linked to air pollution estimates (NO2, PM2.5, and SO2). We find that immigrant minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollution at their place of residence. The overall disadvantage faced by immigrant minorities in England is three times as large as in Germany. Given that immigrant households start under initially higher levels of air pollution, one would expect convergence with non-immigrant populations over time due to residential moves. However, immigrants face a substantial penalty when moving. If native households started in similar neighborhoods as immigrants—the relevant counterfactual—they would experience higher gains from relocation. Socio-economic factors cannot explain these differences. The pattern holds in both England and Germany, although inequalities in residential mobility are more pronounced in England. In particular, racial and ethnic minorities, such as Bangladeshi, Caribbean, and African migrants in England and Turkish migrants in Germany, experience the largest environmental disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remote/hybrid work in flux: work-place/preference mismatch and adaptations 不断变化的远程/混合工作：工作地点/偏好的不匹配和适应

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf035

Wen Fan, Phyllis Moen

{"title":"Remote/hybrid work in flux: work-place/preference mismatch and adaptations","authors":"Wen Fan, Phyllis Moen","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf035","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented employer-driven shift to remote/hybrid work for those whose jobs allow it, but then came retrenchments, forging disjunctures between where one works (remote/hybrid or in-person) and individual preferences, which we term work-place mismatch. We draw on a combined worker power, employer biases, and adaptive strategy theoretical framing to investigate work-place mismatch in light of remarkable pandemic-precipitated shifts in place of work, opening up possibilities (and preferences) for remote/hybrid arrangements. In addition to examining inequities in work-place mismatch, we theorize employees’ possible adaptive strategies when confronting such mismatch—shifting where they work, changing their locational preferences, or intending to leave or actually leaving their employer. Using a nationally representative four-wave panel (October 2020–April 2022) of US employees who worked fully or partially remotely during the pandemic, we find that work-place mismatch is widespread, especially among those returning to on-site work. Hispanics, Black men, and those lacking a college degree are most likely to experience unfulfilled interest (mismatch) in remote work. Structurally disadvantaged mismatched workers also experience constrained strategies—less apt to change their work location or quit relative to white or college-educated workers.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The religion of White identity politics: Christian nationalism and White racial solidarity 白人身份政治的宗教：基督教民族主义与白人种族团结

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf031

Samuel L Perry, Joshua B Grubbs

{"title":"The religion of White identity politics: Christian nationalism and White racial solidarity","authors":"Samuel L Perry, Joshua B Grubbs","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf031","url":null,"abstract":"Though recent research on White racial solidarity has advanced our understanding of White identity politics in the United States, the religious underpinnings of White identity politics remain understudied. Building on the documented conflation of religious, racial, and national identities among White Americans, we propose American Christian nationalism is best thought of as the religion of White identity politics. Drawing on nationally representative data with a strong, novel measure of Christian nationalism and tested measures of racial solidarity, we find Christian nationalism is among the leading predictors of racial solidarity but solely among White Americans. Specifically, Christian nationalism among (only) White Americans predicts greater racial identity salience, believing their racial group has a lot to be proud of, that their racial group members share much in common, and that it is important for their racial group members to work together to change laws unfair to their racial group. The result is that while Black and Hispanic Americans on average score higher on indicators of racial consciousness and solidarity than White Americans, at higher levels of Christian nationalism, White Americans become indistinguishable from their Black and Hispanic counterparts. Moreover, among Black Americans, Christian nationalism is negatively associated with the belief that Black people should work together to change laws unfair to Black people, suggesting that while Christian nationalism increases or reflects White racial solidarity motivating White identity politics, it may weaken Black Americans’ motivation to advocate for Black Americans in politics.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of legislation on perceived disability discrimination: a heterogeneous difference-in-differences analyses 立法对感知到的残疾歧视的影响：异质差异分析

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf024

Alexi Gugushvili, Jan Grue

{"title":"The effect of legislation on perceived disability discrimination: a heterogeneous difference-in-differences analyses","authors":"Alexi Gugushvili, Jan Grue","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Equalizing opportunities and outcomes between individuals with and without disabilities is a stated goal for most governments in Western welfare democracies. Yet, significant disability-based inequalities remain in many domains of life. One of the causes of this gap is the widespread discrimination of individuals with disabilities. Over the last two decades, most European countries have introduced anti-discrimination legislation to reduce disability-based discrimination. This study examines the impact of anti-discrimination legislation on perceived disability discrimination across 28 European societies using data from the European Social Survey and newly compiled information on disability-related laws. Using a heterogenous difference-in-differences approach, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2020, focusing on adults aged 25 to 64 who report disabilities. We find no evidence that anti-discrimination legislative changes reduced perceived disability discrimination in the analyzed countries. There is some supporting evidence, though, that the adoption of an anti-discrimination legal framework, in the long run, was linked with higher perceived disability discrimination among males. We conclude that across Europe, and in keeping with the persistence of disability-based inequalities, legislative efforts have so far been ineffective in combating disability discrimination as perceived by people with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0