Social Forces最新文献_第5页

Opportunity Hoarding and Elite Reproduction: School Segregation in Post-Apartheid South Africa 机会囤积与精英复制：种族隔离后南非的学校隔离

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae070

Rob J Gruijters, Benjamin Elbers, Vijay Reddy

{"title":"Opportunity Hoarding and Elite Reproduction: School Segregation in Post-Apartheid South Africa","authors":"Rob J Gruijters, Benjamin Elbers, Vijay Reddy","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae070","url":null,"abstract":"School integration is an important indicator of equality of opportunity and racial reconciliation in contemporary South Africa. Despite its prominence in public and political discourse, however, there is no systemic evidence on the levels and patterns of school segregation. Drawing on the literature on the post-apartheid political settlement and sociological theories of opportunity hoarding, we explain how the small White minority and, to a lesser extent, the new Black middle class monopolized access to South Africa’s most prestigious schools following the abolition of de jure segregation in 1994. Using the 2021 Annual School Survey—an administrative dataset covering all South African schools—and the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study school survey, we find very high levels of school segregation along racial as well as socioeconomic lines. White students almost exclusively attend former White schools, have little exposure to the low-income Black majority, and are vastly overrepresented in elite public and private schools. We argue that in South Africa and other contexts with under-resourced education systems, elite capture of the few high-performing schools serves to reproduce race and class privilege.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140819992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work Experience and Mental Health from Adolescence to Mid-Life 从青春期到中年期的工作经历与心理健康

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae067

Jeremy Staff, Jeylan T Mortimer

{"title":"Work Experience and Mental Health from Adolescence to Mid-Life","authors":"Jeremy Staff, Jeylan T Mortimer","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae067","url":null,"abstract":"The etiology of psychological differences among those who pursue distinct lines of work have long been of scholarly interest. A prevalent early and continuing assumption is that experiences on the job influence psychological development; contemporary analysts focus on dimensions indicative of mental health. Still, such work-related psychological differences may instead be attributable to selection processes to the extent that individuals can choose, or be selected to, different lines of work, based on their prior characteristics. Whereas much attention has been directed to employment per se as a key determinant of mental health, we consider work status (employed or not) and hours of work, as well as work quality, including both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions among those who are employed. We also investigate differences in the effects of work experiences on mental health in distinct phases of the work career. Drawing on eleven waves of longitudinal data obtained from a cohort of ninth grade students followed prospectively to age 45–46 (54% female; 73% white), we examine whether key psychological dimensions indicative of mental health (mastery, depressive affect, and self-esteem) change in response to employment and to particular experiences on the job. The findings, based on a fixed-effects modeling strategy, indicate that observed psychological differences related to employment and work quality are not attributable to stable individual proclivities. Evidence suggests that mental health is responsive to changing experiences at work from mid-adolescence to mid-life.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Following a Child’s Lead and Setting Kids Up for Success: Convergence and Divergence in Parenting Ideologies on the Political Right and Left 跟随孩子的脚步，让孩子走向成功：政治左右派育儿理念的趋同与分歧

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae069

Mallory E Rees, Abigail C Saguy

{"title":"Following a Child’s Lead and Setting Kids Up for Success: Convergence and Divergence in Parenting Ideologies on the Political Right and Left","authors":"Mallory E Rees, Abigail C Saguy","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae069","url":null,"abstract":"Public discourse has become more polarized, especially when it comes to moral issues. Moral issues related to gender and sexuality—particularly concerning children—are politically fraught. To assess the extent to which ideologies about gender and parenting are polarized, we interviewed eighty-five gender activists from diverse political orientations. Surprisingly, we found some convergence in how activists on the political left and right discussed gender and parenting. Specifically, those on the right endorsed some traditionally progressive ideas, including that girls should be able to play with “boy toys” and to aspire to traditionally male pursuits. Meanwhile, in affirming children’s right to express their gender identity, those on the left treated gender identity as innate, an idea traditionally associated with conservatives, while saying little about sexism. These similarities, notwithstanding, we also found important differences between how these two groups discussed gender socialization. We discuss the implications of these different approaches and how caregivers and other adults can reconcile a commitment to affirming children’s gender identity while also addressing gender inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Social Movement Model for Judicial Behavior: Evidence from Brazil’s Anti-Corruption Movements 司法行为的社会运动模式：巴西反腐败运动的证据

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae065

Luiz Vilaça

{"title":"A Social Movement Model for Judicial Behavior: Evidence from Brazil’s Anti-Corruption Movements","authors":"Luiz Vilaça","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae065","url":null,"abstract":"While studies show that public opinion and educational workshops promoted by nonprofits affect judicial behavior, it remains unclear whether and how social movements affect judges’ decision-making through disruptive actions. I develop a framework to explain the conditions under which and the mechanisms through which social movement mobilization affects the decision-making of judges, drawing on a mixed-methods study of anti-corruption protests in Brazil. I constructed an original dataset of decisions of corruption cases at the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (2003–2016). Results showed that actions that target judicial cases (case-focused protests)—but not protests that simply put the issue on the public agenda—are associated with higher chances that judges will decide in ways that are aligned with the movements’ demands. I supplemented this data with a qualitative analysis of appeals on two investigations of similar crimes and some of the same defendants but with different outcomes in appellate courts: Sandcastle (Castelo de Areia) and Car Wash (Lava Jato). Drawing on 110 interviews with prosecutors and judges and document analysis of criminal charges and judicial decisions, I show that case-focused protests affect judicial behavior through two mechanisms: by threatening the personal reputation of judges and the legitimacy of courts.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979–2005” "束缚人的纽带就是惩罚人的纽带：1979-2005年网络两极分化与联邦犯罪政策僵局"

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae052

Scott W Duxbury

{"title":"“The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979–2005”","authors":"Scott W Duxbury","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae052","url":null,"abstract":"Largely overlooked in research on criminal legal expansion is the rise of political polarization and its attendant consequences for crime policy. Drawing on theories of intergroup collaboration and policymaking research, I argue that network polarization—low frequencies of collaborative relations between lawmakers belonging to distinct political groups—negatively affects crime legislation passage by reducing information flows, increasing intergroup hostility, and creating opportunities for political attacks. To evaluate this perspective, I recreate dynamic legislative networks between 1979 and 2005 using data on 1,897,019 cosponsorship relationships between 1537 federal lawmakers and the outcomes of 5950 federal crime bills. Results illustrate that increases in partisan network segregation and the number of densely clustered subgroups both have negative effects on bill passage. These relationships are not moderated by majority party status and peak during the 1990s and early 2000s, a period when prison growth showed its first signs of slowing. These findings provide new insight to the relationship between polarization and policy and suggest that increases in network polarization may be partly responsible for declines in crime policy adoption observed in recent decades.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precarious Transitions: How Precarious Employment Shapes Parental Coresidence among Young Adults 不稳定的过渡：不稳定的就业如何影响年轻成年人中父母的共同生活

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae050

Lei Lei, Quan D Mai

{"title":"Precarious Transitions: How Precarious Employment Shapes Parental Coresidence among Young Adults","authors":"Lei Lei, Quan D Mai","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae050","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of precarious work generates important questions about how this mode of employment might affect young workers’ transition to adulthood, particularly their decision to live independently. Existing demographic literature has considered the impact of unemployment on parental coresidence but overlooked the potential influence of precarious employment. Yet, features of precarious employment might matter for young adults’ residential arrangements. Our paper provides a theoretical framework linking precarious work to parental coresidence. Specifically, we outline three mechanisms that underlie this relationship: low pay, meager benefits, and short job tenure. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 2005 to 2017, we provide empirical support for our model. We found that precariously employed young adults are more likely than their peers in standard jobs to live with their parents. About a third of this effect can be accounted for by the three theorized mechanisms. Our research contributes to the growing literature demonstrating the impact of economic insecurity on the workplace and family, the two essential arenas of social life.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Left Partisanship, Corporatism, and the Reorientation of the Knowledge Economy in Advanced Capitalist Societies 先进资本主义社会中的左翼党派、公司主义和知识经济的重新定位

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae048

Jingjing Huo

引用次数: 0

How Political Dynasties Concentrate Advantage within Cities: Evidence from Crime and City Services in Chicago 政治王朝如何在城市内部集中优势：芝加哥犯罪与城市服务的证据

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae029

Stephanie Ternullo, Ángela Zorro-Medina, Robert Vargas

{"title":"How Political Dynasties Concentrate Advantage within Cities: Evidence from Crime and City Services in Chicago","authors":"Stephanie Ternullo, Ángela Zorro-Medina, Robert Vargas","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae029","url":null,"abstract":"Classic models of urban inequality acknowledge the importance of politics for resource distribution and service provision. Yet, contemporary studies of spatial inequality rarely measure politics directly. In this paper, we introduce political dynasties as a way of integrating political economy approaches with ecological theory to better understand the political construction of urban spatial inequality. To do so, we examine the case of political dynasties within the Chicago city council. We show that, from 2011 to 2018, blocks in dynastic wards saw fewer homicides, assaults, robberies, and thefts relative to those in non-dynastic wards. We then leverage the 2015 ward redistricting to provide evidence that dynastic effects play some role in producing these outcomes: blocks annexed into dynastic wards experienced a decline in assaults and robberies and an increase in pothole coverings. While dynastic politicians improve outcomes for blocks they annex, they also withdraw power from those they displace; and displaced blocks had relatively higher levels of crime than annexed blocks in 2015. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that dynastic politicians are contributing to spatial inequalities within Chicago.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking Local Government Services? Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland 高移民社区在寻求地方政府服务方面是否处于劣势？来自马里兰州巴尔的摩市的证据

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae030

Min Xie, David McDowall, Sean Houlihan

{"title":"Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking Local Government Services? Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland","authors":"Min Xie, David McDowall, Sean Houlihan","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae030","url":null,"abstract":"To modernize public service delivery, U.S. communities increasingly rely on 311 systems for residents to request government services. Research on 311 systems is relatively new, and there is mixed evidence on whether 311 can help bridge the gap between disadvantaged communities and governments. This study draws from research on immigration, race/ethnicity, and differential engagement to explore the link between immigrant concentration and 311 usage. We use longitudinal data on 311 requests in Baltimore City, Maryland (2014–2019) and spatial panel regression analysis to show that neighborhood racial/ethnic structure and the national policy environment can significantly influence whether immigrant concentration is a barrier for 311 service-seeking. Specifically, we find that immigrant concentration reduces 311 requests in high-immigrant neighborhoods with Latino or Black concentration, but not in high-immigrant neighborhoods with White/Asian concentration. We also find that in Latino high-immigrant neighborhoods, the relationship between immigrant concentration and 311 requests appears mainly after 2017, when the federal government adopted hostile immigration policies. By establishing and contextualizing the relationship between immigrant concentration and 311 usage, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of civic participation and the connection between immigrant communities and government.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Disadvantages to the Kin Network from Intergenerational Racial Health Inequities 代际种族健康不平等对亲属网络的结构性不利影响

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae032

Heeju Sohn

{"title":"Structural Disadvantages to the Kin Network from Intergenerational Racial Health Inequities","authors":"Heeju Sohn","doi":"10.1093/sf/soae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae032","url":null,"abstract":"This article utilizes the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to demonstrate how disadvantages in healthy life expectancies accumulated across generations create disparate kin structures among African American families in the United States. The analysis quantifies the overlap in parents’ healthy years with their adult children’s healthy life expectancies and examines how much the overlap coincides with the adult children’s childrearing years. Non-Hispanic Black adults experienced parental illness and death sooner than non-Hispanic White adults, and their parents’ poor health coincided longer with their own health declines. Non-Hispanic White adults, on the other hand, enjoyed more years in good health with two healthy parents. The intergenerational accumulation of unequal healthy life expectancies directly translated into unequal kin structures for the subsequent third generation. Race inequities in the intergenerational kin structure and health were greater among women than among men, and non-Hispanic Black women spent the most years raising children in poor health with unhealthy or deceased parents. Disparities in the intergenerational tempos of fertility, mortality, and morbidity are building profound structural racial inequities within a fundamental social institution—the family.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140064330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0