{"title":"Slum upgrading and participation: Insights from a marginalized neighbourhood in Buenos Aires","authors":"Sam Halvorsen","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper rethinks participation in slum upgrading beyond a well-established dichotomy of “top-down” and “bottom-up” processes and instead proposes a relational and strategic approach to urban transformation. Based on qualitative research with a small informal settlement, Barrio Saldías, in Buenos Aires, that fell off the city government's agenda, this paper explores the role of participation in promoting upgrading from the margins. It argues that Saldías differs from instances of community-led upgrading due to the central role of party brokers and political representatives (especially from the local state) alongside residents, all of whom participate together in a political climate dominated by the discourses of citizen participation and slum upgrading. Rather than collapsing these experiences into the logic of clientelism, participation is centred as the articulatory logic based on a shared desire and commitment to transforming urban space, towards multiple political ends. Participatory upgrading in Saldías exceeds the narrow focus of project-centric approaches and draws on a wider trajectory of <em>participation</em> in Buenos Aires. It demonstrates this through an analysis of three moments of participatory upgrading in Saldías.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on ‘land value recovery’ for UK rural areas, and its implications for housing affordability, wealth-building, rural land use, and community wellbeing","authors":"Nick Gallent, Andrew Purves, Tommaso Gabrieli","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unimproved land values are produced through the agglomeration of human activity and by public investments, in critical infrastructure, that happen over generations. Following enclosure, those values are captured as rent by private landowners. This paper explores the logic and justice of ‘land value recovery’ in rural areas, achieved through a transference of tax liability from wages and productivity to land. After introducing relevant aspects of the current tax system in the UK and detailing the challenges faced by rural areas, it offers reflections on how land value recovery might impact on key challenges, centered on housing, farming and wider land-use, before peering into the ‘Pandora's box’ of broader economic implications of recovering land values. The paper concludes on the benefits for rural areas of socializing the rents produced by broader socio-economic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103204"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of China's industrial network structure and its resilience from the sectoral perspective","authors":"Xinghua Feng, Meihai Xu, Jianxin Li, Ziyuan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of new industrialization and urbanization has accelerated the reconfiguration of industrial and supply chains, resulting in significant changes in the spatial organization patterns of industrial networks. Simultaneously, the increasing disturbances posed by various uncertain factors, along with the close interconnections between sectors, have, to some extent, accelerated the spread and spatial expansion of internal risks within the network. From a sectoral perspective, this article employs complex network theory and resilience theory to develop a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing industrial network resilience. It reveals the evolution process of industrial network structural resilience from both static and dynamic perspectives based on risk disturbance shocks, providing new avenues for China's industrial network restructuring and industrial system optimization. The outcomes are as follows: From 2012 to 2022, China's industrial network structure became increasingly complex, with enhanced integration between the secondary and tertiary industries. Nevertheless, the overall correlation degree among various sectors remains low, with effective connections still primarily confined to local industrial networks. The core sector group within the overall industrial network comprises solely the wholesale trade and business services. Over time, the correlation paths and strengths between sectors have experienced slight expansion and improvement, and the comprehensive resilience level of both local and overall industrial networks has exhibited an increasing trend. The growth in static resilience is evident in the significant enhancement of transitivity and cohesion within the interconnected networks of the secondary and tertiary industries. The stability of the industrial structure is a key factor in enhancing the level of dynamic resilience. The article also endeavors to propose recommendations for optimizing industrial structure from a network perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarbast Moslem , Tiziana Campisi , Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid , Vladimir Simic , Domokos Esztergár-Kiss , Francesco Pilla
{"title":"Greening urban mobility: Assessing environmental and functional characteristics of bicycle infrastructure in the post-pandemic Era","authors":"Sarbast Moslem , Tiziana Campisi , Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid , Vladimir Simic , Domokos Esztergár-Kiss , Francesco Pilla","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction are vital topics nowadays. In urban and suburban contexts, road traffic is widely recognised as one of the primary sources of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Thus, to reduce environmental pollution, there is an urgent need to replace vehicles with more sustainable transport modes. In this regard, electric bikes and scooters are emerging rapidly, especially with the advent of the Coronavirus pandemic, leading to a significant redesign of cities. Moreover, the rapid development of bike lanes is reshaping contemporary urbanism following the evidence provided by recent studies, which proved that more considerable investment in bicycle infrastructure encourages bicycle travel. The recent pandemic and current energy crisis are prompting the demand for defining tools to improve the planning and design of bicycle infrastructure. Hence, it is essential to analyse the environmental and geometric-functional characteristics of the infrastructure to be implemented and its temporality (whether definitive or pop-up lanes). Above all, the perception of different groups of users should be considered to understand the possible attitudes related to the perception of safety, comfort, and sustainability. Therefore, this study demonstrates using the full consistency method (FUCOM) to detect the most suitable cycle lane alternative amongst the design models (5) for cycle lanes developed by a group of design field experts. The paper illustrates the findings from a pilot study in Palermo, Italy. The adopted results show that a separated lane was the most favoured type. The research findings are equally valuable for policymakers to promote sustainable urban cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103200"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fairer schooling for a better housing environment: Effect of abolishing school zones on the housing market","authors":"Rong Guan , Jian Liang , Kang Mo Koo , Ke Su","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to high-quality public education is often closely linked to residential property ownership and location in many countries, contributing to rising housing costs in areas with better educational resources. This creates challenges in housing affordability and perpetuates inequality in education access. Our study explores the effectiveness of two policies aimed at reducing the association between property ownership and access to premium public education: the \"six-year-one-position\" policy, which limits school enrolment to one student per property every six years, and the \"multi-dicing\" policy, which uses a random allocation system for student placement. While this research focuses on Beijing, China, the implications of such policies are of broader relevance to cities worldwide facing similar issues. Using a spatial difference-in-difference approach, we find that eliminating school zoning can decrease housing prices by 2.5% in areas where these policies are implemented, with reductions of 4.4%–7.9% in districts previously associated with high-ranking schools. However, the announcement of these policies triggers short-term price spikes, with increases of 2.7%–4.7%, reflecting a panic-buying effect. Moreover, we observe a spillover effect, where demand shifts from regions that abolished school zones earlier to those that implemented the policy later, as revealed by a staggered difference-in-difference analysis. These findings offer insights for policymakers in other urban contexts where educational access is intertwined with housing markets, highlighting the need for balanced strategies to address both housing affordability and equitable education access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community-led urban transformation project as transdisciplinary approach: Case of Senboku Hottokenai Network Project","authors":"Haruka Kato , Kazuhiko Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the community-led urban transformation project as a transdisciplinary approach in Senboku New Town (Senboku-NT). The research method employed a combination of case study and action research methodologies. In Senboku-NT, the population declined from approximately 170,000 to 115,000, and older adults account for 37.1% of the total population. The demographic change made it difficult for older people to live in Senboku-NT. Due to regional problems, local communities began to explore community-led urban transformation projects. The “Senboku <em>Hottokenai</em> Network Project” is a project in which vacant building stocks were gradually transformed into neighborhood healthcare facilities, including supportive housing for older people, a group home for people with disabilities, and a community restaurant. The urban transformations of the Senboku <em>Hottokenai</em> Network Project may have triggered those in the entire Senboku NT. Our main conclusions indicate the effectiveness of community-led urban transformation projects in old New Towns. The results of this study shed new light on the importance of community-led co-creation among multiple stakeholders as transdisciplinary projects toward the Healthy New Town. Our insight provides the need to implement a new movement program to extend the urban transformation project for the Healthy New Town to other old New Towns in East Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surong Zhang , Lan Wang , Yu Shen , Yutong Zhang , Yue Gao , Tingjia Xu , Zhifeng Zhang
{"title":"What causes Emergency Medical Services (EMS) delay? Unravel high-risk buildings using citywide ambulance trajectory data","authors":"Surong Zhang , Lan Wang , Yu Shen , Yutong Zhang , Yue Gao , Tingjia Xu , Zhifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergency Medical Services (EMS) delay poses a challenge to public health, especially in ultra-dense cities and aging societies. The potential relationship between the built environment and the ambulance response time (ART) has not been thoroughly investigated at the building-level. This impedes the unraveling of high-risk buildings for EMS delay, and thus the precise optimization of urban EMS systems. Our study develops a quantitative-qualitative approach to construct a building-level ART prediction model and then validated it with ambulance drivers' experiences. A comprehensive theoretical framework is tailored for ART prediction incorporating neglected built environment factors of land use and development intensity. Based on 73,129 ambulance trajectories, a machine learning model is constructed and then employed to predict the ART for each of the 253,475 buildings in central Shanghai under multiple combinations of traffic periods and weather conditions. The results show that the accuracy of high-risk buildings for EMS delay achieves 91%. Moreover, three of the neglected built environment factors, medical POIs density, business POIs density and floor area ratio, rank high in the factor importance. The ambulance drivers’ experiences validate the importance of these built environment factors and emphasize the value of bus priority lanes for ambulance to borrow for swift access. In addition, to illustrate potential applications, we simulated the effects of built environment interventions in case areas predicted to concentrate high-risk buildings. This work provides a new computer-based tool to pinpoint the service blind spots of such urban emergency systems and to develop built environment interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing rural revitalization potential through rural transformation degree and sustainability: A quantitative study of 460 case villages in Lingbao, China","authors":"Qianxi Zhang , Zhi Cao , Yansui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive international experience shows that only villages with sustainable transformation achieve rural revitalization, while those with intense but unsustainable or stagnant transformation struggle to revitalize. However, this cognition lacks robust quantitative substantiation. Therefore, we established a rural revitalization potential assessment framework based on the rural transformation degree and sustainability, employing the Penalty for a Bottleneck (PFB) method and Entropy Function to measure the rural transformation degree and sustainability of 460 villages in Lingbao City, Henan Province, China, from 2000 to 2021, thus evaluating rural revitalization potential. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test was conducted to detect rural transformation thresholds, further quantifying the spatial relationship between rural transformation degree and sustainability through bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis (BSA). Our findings resonate with the central place theory that villages near those at advanced stages of development struggle to transform sustainably. Additionally, with the optimization of rural population density, and land use structure, these villages demonstrated a discernible upward trajectory in transformation sustainability. Villages with the highest rural revitalization potential were predominantly distributed in the northern of the Yellow River terrace, while those in the southwestern mountainous areas lacked revitalization potential due to low transformation degree. Generally, villages at higher altitudes and steeper slopes exhibited lower rural transformation degree, sustainability, and revitalization potential. With 30 km as the critical point, rural revitalization potential decreased initially and then increased with distance from the county government seat. This study provides essential references for the rational allocation of rural transformation and revitalization resources and for optimizing rural development planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}