Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

{"title":"A pilot randomized clinical trial evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy adjunct to support benzodiazepine tapering among primary care patients coprescribed benzodiazepines and opioids.","authors":"Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Michael Otto, Allison Metts, Maria Hanano, Larissa J Mooney","doi":"10.1037/adb0001164","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Benzodiazepine (BZ) use concerns have escalated in the wake of the opioid crisis, including increased overdose risk from co-use of BZ and opioids. Research evidence to inform clinical management of this issue is currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This pilot trial examined acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention approach to reduce BZ use in adults who simultaneously take opioids. Forty participants with concomitant BZ and opioid prescriptions and significant anxiety symptoms were randomized to BZ taper with a cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol (BZT + CBT; <i>n</i> = 20) or BZ taper with a health education control (BZT + HE; <i>n</i> = 20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both conditions were rated as logical (<i>M</i>_BZT _{+ CBT} = 6.20; M_{BZT + HE} = 7.29) and useful (<i>M</i>_{BZT + CBT} = 6.78; MBZT + HE = 5.64), but treatment engagement was modest but similar between conditions. Approximately 60% of participants in both treatment conditions achieved at least a 50% reduction in BZ dose by the 2-month follow-up, reducing the risk of adverse drug-related outcomes. Differences between groups did not reach significance, but effect sizes indicated advantages for BZT + CBT over BZT + HE for anxiety severity at posttreatment (<i>d</i> = 0.86) and follow-up (<i>d</i> = 0.33), with similar findings for pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The promising effect sizes obtained, along with evidence of adequate feasibility and acceptability, encourage further examination of the BZT + CBT approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":"636-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13524120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between trait impulsivity facets and alcohol-impaired driving risk perceptions.","authors":"Anna M Porter, Gabriel J Muro, Luvonte D Bressler, Denis M McCarthy","doi":"10.1037/adb0001172","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals high in trait impulsivity are more likely to engage in risky behaviors following alcohol consumption, one of the most dangerous of which being alcohol-impaired driving (AID). While some work has shown specific facets of trait impulsivity are differentially related to AID risk, little is known about the mechanisms by which these impulsive facets influence decision making about driving while impaired by alcohol. This study tested the association between multifaceted impulsivity constructs and AID risk perceptions while under intoxication.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a laboratory alcohol administration study, 78 young adult (55% female, <i>M</i>_age = 23.9) moderate drinkers completed measures of AID risk perceptions following a dose of alcohol calibrated to reach a peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.10%. We tested the association of UPPS-P impulsivity facets with AID risk perceptions across the breath alcohol concentration curve and with self-reported AID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under intoxication, individuals higher in urgency (negative and positive) and lack of premeditation rated AID as less dangerous and individuals higher in urgency were more likely to report willingness to engage in AID.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that distinct impulsivity facets, particularly urgency, impact risk perceptions while impaired by alcohol. More research is needed to understand how these altered risk perceptions relate to engagement in actual risk behavior in real-world environments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":"691-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative urgency and affective dynamics: Associations with alcohol use and condomless intercourse among sexual minority men.","authors":"Joyce Y Zhu, Kyle J Walters, Kawon Kim, Brooke Z Beckius, Tibor P Palfai, Stephen A Maisto, Jeffrey S Simons","doi":"10.1037/adb0001181","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Urgency, the tendency to act impulsively in response to emotions, is associated with a wide range of risk behavior. This study tested whether urgency is associated with individual differences in emotional dynamics and whether emotional dynamics account for associations between urgency and alcohol use and condomless anal intercourse (CAI) among sexual minority men.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 248 moderate-to-heavy drinking sexual minority men who completed two 3-week periods (bursts) of the experience sampling method separated by a 3-week rest interval. Two dynamic structural equation models tested urgency's associations with intoxication and CAI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The negative affect (NA) model showed that negative urgency at baseline was associated with higher NA innovation variance (e.g., reactivity or lability) and higher mean NA, but not inertia (i.e., autoregression) during Burst 1. Mean NA and reactivity were correlated with mean intoxication during Burst 2. Negative urgency was indirectly associated with intoxication and CAI during Burst 2 via mean NA during Burst 1. The positive affect (PA) model found that positive urgency was linked to PA innovation variance but not mean PA or PA inertia. PA reactivity during Burst 1 predicted mean intoxication during Burst 2. However, indirect effects of positive urgency on Burst 2 mean intoxication and CAI were nonsignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between urgency and PA and NA innovation variance (e.g., reactivity or lability) are consistent with the conceptualization of urgency as reflecting rash action when aroused and suggest that urgency is associated with more volatile emotional experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing cigarette smoking withdrawal in unmedicated individuals: Validating the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scales Version 3 (WSWS3).","authors":"Jesse T Kaye, Daniel M Bolt, Megan E Piper, Jessica W Cook, Brian S Williams, Thomas M Piasecki, Timothy B Baker","doi":"10.1037/adb0001174","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessment of cigarette smoking withdrawal is critical to treatment research and clinical care. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties and construct validity of brief and long versions of the new Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scales Version 3 (WSWS3), which include new items to assess anhedonia. The Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale-Revised and WSWS3 were compared.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was a single-arm clinical trial of 232 adults attempting to stop smoking without using pharmacotherapy during the first week of their quit attempt. Treatment included 8 weeks of nicotine patch and minilozenge initiated 1 week after the target quit date and four counseling calls. The WSWS3 long version (WSWS3-L) includes 21 items and seven subscales, and the WSWS3 brief version (WSWS3-B) includes seven items, one for each subscale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WSWS3-L and WSWS3-B demonstrated good-to-excellent internal consistency and acceptable confirmatory factor analysis model fit for a seven-factor higher order model (WSWS3-L) and one-factor model (WSWS3-B). The WSWS3 and Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale-Revised displayed convergent validity with one another. The WSWS3-L subscales demonstrated convergent validity with measures of related constructs (e.g., stress, depression, and urge). The WSWS3-L and WSWS3-B total scale and subscale scores displayed sensitivity to withdrawal during early quitting. In contrast to the MSWS-R, the WSWS3-L and -B scores were predictive of the time-to-first cigarette dependence measure, and withdrawal-related increases in WSWS3-L and -B scores were predictive of 1-week postquit abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WSWS3 brief and long versions display reasonable psychometric properties and construct validity for assessing cigarette smoking withdrawal. The stronger prediction of clinical outcome by the WSWS3 versus the MSWS-R scale may be due to its assessment of craving. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental evaluation of assessment reactivity in ecological momentary assessment of alcoholics anonymous involvement and alcohol-related outcomes: One day at a time.","authors":"Mason L Hatwan, Matthew R Pearson, J Scott Tonigan","doi":"10.1037/adb0001179","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessment reactivity refers to the extent to which repeated measurement of behavioral and psychological phenomena influences subsequent behavior change. The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate whether frequent self-report influences Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)-related processes and alcohol-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 192; 63% female, <i>M</i>_age = 42.95) were assigned to either a 6-month EMA condition (<i>n</i> = 133), completing twice-daily surveys in addition to baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, or a minimal assessment condition (<i>n</i> = 59), completing only baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. Mean differences were examined using t tests, covariance comparisons using multigroup path analysis, and longitudinal trajectory differences using linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 30 mean and 210 covariance comparisons, only one mean difference (spiritual step work) and seven covariance differences were statistically significant between groups, a pattern consistent with chance variation (<5% of differences expected by chance). No significant group or group-by-time effects emerged for key behavioral outcomes, including proportion days abstinent, AA meeting attendance, or drinks per drinking day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite frequent assessments over a uniquely long EMA sampling period (6 months), EMA participation was not associated with systematic changes in alcohol use, AA involvement, or related mechanisms. These findings suggest little evidence that EMA procedures meaningfully influence the processes they are intended to measure (i.e., limited evidence of assessment reactivity) in the context of the present study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contemporary exploration of motivations and practices of psychedelic use among emerging adult cannabis users in the United States: A qualitative analysis.","authors":"Bridgid M Conn, Alisha Osornio, Kaia Sheean, Maddy Finkelstein, Janna Ataiants, Ekaterina V Fedorova, Stephen E Lankenau, Mark Prince, Carolyn F Wong","doi":"10.1037/adb0001180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0001180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite increased naturalistic psychedelic use in the United States, limited studies explore factors currently contributing to use among ethnically and racially diverse psychedelic and cannabis-using adults. This study employs thematic analysis using qualitative data to explore the factors contributing to contemporary psychedelic use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Qualitative interviews (conducted in 2022-2023) from a subsample of cannabis-using emerging adults who endorsed psychedelic use (<i>N</i> = 33) within a longitudinal mixed methods study were analyzed. Descriptive data were also collected via survey. Transcripts were analyzed, and thematic analysis was implemented using a multiphase coding process until consensus was reached to explore the myriad factors influencing psychedelic use among people who use cannabis within previous motivational models of substance use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four domains that dynamically influence psychedelic practices were identified: (a) context, such as norms, attitudes, and stigma; (b) expectancies, including perceived benefits and risks; (c) motives for use, including self and/or spiritual exploration, social connection, and self-treatment; and (d) practices, including microdosing, goal setting/intentional use, and experimentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current analysis identified factors influencing psychedelic use among U.S. adults who use cannabis in our current society and considered these findings within the context of historical models of substance use, including psychedelic use and motivational models. This study reflects a crucial step in furthering our knowledge around the growing zeitgeist of psychedelic use, including the role of motives, expectancies, and context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alcohol on emotion recognition: An alcohol-administration trial.","authors":"Annis Byram, Silvia Murgia, Alexa Boland, Catharine E Fairbairn","doi":"10.1037/adb0001178","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alcohol consumption is widely recognized for its complex effects on social behavior, simultaneously fostering social connections in some individuals while heightening aggression in others. However, the underlying mechanisms for this effect, including emotion recognition, remain disputed among researchers. This study examined how alcohol influences the accuracy of emotion recognition, with particular attention to sex differences.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Individuals who regularly consume alcohol (<i>n</i> = 390; 180 females; <i>M</i>_age = 23; 48.97% White) were randomly assigned to either an alcohol (targeting a breath alcohol concentration of 0.08%) or control condition. They were assessed using the shortened version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test which evaluates recognition of 14 emotions through dynamic videos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol consumption significantly reduced overall emotion-recognition accuracy, <i>b</i> = 0.038, <i>SE</i> = 0.012, <i>p</i> = .002. Males exhibited significantly lower emotion identification accuracy than females, regardless of beverage condition, <i>M</i> = 0.511, <i>SD</i> = 0.123. Regarding individual emotions, alcohol significantly impaired the recognition of anger and irritation across both sexes, and specifically impaired interest, pride, and relief among male participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that alcohol impairs the ability to interpret emotional expressions, with potential implications for impaired social interactions and heightened aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol cue reactivity and inhibitory control in young adults at risk for alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Luke G Poole, Marsha E Bates, Amber H Sarwani, Hannah M Perdue, Jonathon R Bourque, Anthony P Pawlak, Brandon L Alderman","doi":"10.1037/adb0001167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0001167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined whether automatic and reflective neurocognitive processes differ as a function of alcohol use risk, sex, and cue type among young adult binge drinkers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty healthy young adults (71% female; <i>M</i>_age = 20.8 years) who reported at least two binge drinking episodes in the past month completed alcohol-cued Oddball and Go/NoGo tasks while electroencephalography was recorded. Event-related potentials indexing alcohol cue reactivity (P3) and inhibitory control (NoGo N2) were analyzed. Participants were stratified into higher and lower risk groups using k-means cluster analysis based on typical alcohol use, binge frequency, alcohol sensitivity, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores. Linear mixed models examined effects of risk group, sex, and task condition on event-related potential and behavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cluster analysis yielded two distinct risk groups. Inhibitory control, but not cue reactivity, differed by risk status and cue type. Higher risk individuals demonstrated reduced NoGo accuracy and faster false-alarm reaction times to alcohol cues. In addition, larger NoGo N2 amplitudes were observed during alcohol-cued trials among higher risk individuals, suggesting increased conflict-related neural processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight alcohol-cued inhibitory control conflict as a potential neurocognitive marker of vulnerability to alcohol use disorder. While cue reactivity did not differ across risk groups, differences in reflective control processes underscore the value of event-related potential markers for identifying mechanisms of alcohol-related risk. Person-centered approaches may enhance risk stratification and clarify how cognitive control systems operate in at-risk drinkers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological mechanisms of behavior change in mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders: A systematic review.","authors":"David I K Moniz-Lewis, Frank J Schwebel, Katie Witkiewitz","doi":"10.1037/adb0001183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0001183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated efficacy in treating substance use disorders (SUDs). To further optimize MBIs, there is a need to identify the mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) that underlie their efficacy. The current preregistered systematic review provides an overview of existing research on the MOBC in MBIs for SUD while attending to the sociocultural contexts in which these mechanisms were tested. Further, the review evaluates the variety and quality of methods used to operationalize and measure MOBC within this literature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Inclusion criteria were focused on studies that explicitly tested MOBC associated with treatment outcomes. Further, only studies focused on MBIs for individuals with diagnosed SUD, or individuals with substance misuse, were included. Studies that did not examine SUD populations or did not explicitly focus on MOBC were excluded. The review was conducted from July to September 2023 and updated in December 2025. A total of 23 studies met criteria for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current evidence supports a variety of complementary MOBC, such as greater awareness and acceptance and reductions in craving, as key drivers of change in MBIs for SUD. Very little attention has been paid to contextual factors. Critically, only one study was a replication of prior work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While there are salient mechanisms relevant to MBIs for SUD, much of this literature requires replication. There is a critical need for attention to the contexts in which MOBC of MBIs are effective, including more rigorous methodologies to test the validity of these mechanisms across populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When are bystanders more likely and confident to act: Validation of the Bystanders to Alcohol Risk Scales-Willingness and self-efficacy.","authors":"Nancy P Barnett, Richard N Jones, Michelle Haikalis, Matthew K Meisel, Jennifer E Merrill, Kate B Carey, Lindsay M Orchowski, Rochelle K Rosen","doi":"10.1037/adb0001141","DOIUrl":"10.1037/adb0001141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the psychometrics of two new measures of willingness and self-efficacy to intervene in alcohol-related risk situations involving others. Items assess the constructs across bystander scenarios that vary by situation (before, during, after risk), one's relation to the target (friend/stranger), and the gender of the target (man/woman).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Young adults (N = 1,011, <i>M</i>_age 22.0 years, 46.0% women, 70.7% White, 23.3% Latinx) completed the new measures and related measures to assess validity, and a subsample was retested 2 weeks later. Multivariate variance decomposition was used to determine how the scenario components influenced variance; bivariate correlations evaluated validity, and intraclass correlations evaluated test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Models for willingness and self-efficacy constructs fit the data well. The largest component contributing to both measures was the general component, reflecting overall willingness/self-efficacy regardless of situation, relation, and gender components (αs > .90). For willingness, the next largest component was situation, with \"after\" drinking showing the greatest variability but the lowest mean. For self-efficacy, the second most important component was relation to the target, with friend showing higher self-efficacy than stranger. Participants indicated higher willingness and self-efficacy when the target was a woman, and women participants reported higher willingness than men. Validity was supported by significant correlations with bystander behaviors and alcohol-related constructs. Test-retest reliability indicated moderate stability for both measures (intraclass correlations = 0.50-0.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These measures provide valid and reliable tools for measuring bystander intervention willingness and self-efficacy in alcohol-related risk situations and offer utility for the evaluation of bystander intervention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48325,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","volume":" ","pages":"565-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}