Social Problems最新文献_第5页

Hate as Backlash: A County-Level Analysis of White Supremacist Mobilization in Response to Racial and Gender “Threats” 仇恨即反弹:白人至上主义者动员应对种族和性别“威胁”的县级分析

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad020

Colleen E. Mills, Margaret Schmuhl, Joel A. Capellan, Jason R. Silva

{"title":"Hate as Backlash: A County-Level Analysis of White Supremacist Mobilization in Response to Racial and Gender “Threats”","authors":"Colleen E. Mills, Margaret Schmuhl, Joel A. Capellan, Jason R. Silva","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Given the resurgence and mainstreaming of the American far-right in recent years, there is an urgent need to better understand the etiology of recent white supremacist mobilization. In the current study, we investigate white supremacist mobilization primarily as a backlash against two threats perceived by white supremacists: racial threat and gender threat. This study extends the defended neighborhoods and feminist perspectives – frameworks previously used to explain hate and extremist violence – to explain legal white supremacist mobilization. Using data from the Anti-Defamation League, we utilize a series of negative binomial regressions analyzing white supremacist mobilization – as measured by propaganda incidents – at the county level between 2017 and 2020. Findings indicate that white supremacist mobilization is a backlash response to 1) the influx of nonwhite, Black, and Hispanic residents into white areas; 2) the presence of Jewish visibility as a measure of ethnoreligious minority group threat; and 3) gender equality in income, occupational status, and the labor force. Gender equality in education however does appear to have an ameliorative effect on white supremacist mobilization. On balance, the current study finds support for backlash explanations of white supremacist mobilization and demonstrates the utility of applying perspectives used to explain violence, including hate and extremist violence, to explain white supremacist mobilization.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Buen Crédito y Buen Seguro: Legal Status and Restricted Access to Shelter among Low-Income Latina/o Renters in an Immigrant Gateway City Buen crassdito和Buen Seguro:移民门户城市低收入拉丁裔租房者的法律地位和获得住房的限制

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad021

S. Schmidt

{"title":"Buen Crédito y Buen Seguro: Legal Status and Restricted Access to Shelter among Low-Income Latina/o Renters in an Immigrant Gateway City","authors":"S. Schmidt","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sociologists have shown how searches for rental housing reproduce inequalities by race/ethnicity and household income in the United States. Yet scholars know comparatively less about how legal status may also limit access to shelter. To address this gap, this article compares the housing careers of 30 low-income, undocumented/mixed-status, Mexican, Central American, and South American families with those of ten low-income, predominantly Mexican, U.S. citizen/LPR families across 103 total moves in Los Angeles, California. Though citizen and undocumented renters moved for similar reasons, the process of finding a new home varied substantially across these two groups. Renters’ legal status became salient during the screening portion of rental applications, which requested a credit and background check, a verifiable income, and banking information for each household adult. As a result, undocumented renters were excluded from most formal rentals. Instead, these families searched for sympathetic managers or doubled up with friends, family members, and non-kin. Despite these barriers, undocumented and mixed-status families achieved greater housing security over time by transitioning from guests to hosts in doubled up homes. These findings extend prior research on how housing searches stratify movers, the housing careers of Latino immigrant families, and the punitive consequences of illegality.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44165782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grieving in the “Golden Cage”: How Unauthorized Immigrants Contend with Death and Mourn from Afar 《金笼子里的悲伤:非法移民如何与死亡抗争和远方的哀悼》

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad023

Kristina Fullerton Rico

{"title":"Grieving in the “Golden Cage”: How Unauthorized Immigrants Contend with Death and Mourn from Afar","authors":"Kristina Fullerton Rico","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the past four decades, the United States has created a population of long-term unauthorized immigrants. As this population ages, issues of death and dying are increasingly salient. Though we know much about how families maintain close bonds despite geographic distance, death and dying remain undertheorized in transnational family scholarship. Yet the death of a family member can significantly impact family structure and functions. Based on ethnographic and interview data collected from 2017–2023 with unauthorized Mexican immigrants and their families, this study examines how unauthorized immigrants anticipate and mourn the death of family members in their community of origin and how their undocumented status creates challenges for themselves and their families after a transnational death.\u0000 I find that the specter of transnational death shapes the emotional wellbeing of older unauthorized immigrants years before they experience it. Undocumented status creates and compounds transnational grief, leading to additional challenges. Individuals use a variety of strategies to grieve, including mourning by proxy, paying for funeral expenses, and participating virtually. This research advances immigration scholarship by uncovering underappreciated social and emotional penalties imposed by current immigration laws and highlighting the value of mourning as a collective ritual –– the absence of which has lasting costs.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61427153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earning the Role: Father Role Institutionalization and the Achievement of Contemporary Fatherhood. 赢得角色：父亲角色制度化与当代父亲身份的实现

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad022

Rachel Brown-Weinstock, Sarah Gold, Kathryn Edin, Timothy Nelson

{"title":"Earning the Role: Father Role Institutionalization and the Achievement of Contemporary Fatherhood.","authors":"Rachel Brown-Weinstock, Sarah Gold, Kathryn Edin, Timothy Nelson","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/socpro/spad022","url":null,"abstract":"Fatherhood has become an achieved status among complex, disadvantaged families. Stepfathers may have an advantage over nonresident biological fathers in earning the father role; in-depth interview studies reveal that nonresident fathers are often stripped of the father label while stepfathers commonly achieve it instead. This stepfather advantage is surprising given extant institutionalization theory, which suggests that the stronger institutionalization of the biological father role should benefit nonresident fathers over stepfathers. Drawing on 55 in-depth interviews with adolescents and their primary caregivers, we recenter youth agency in family theory by exploring how some men and not others earn the father role from the perspective of their adolescent children. We find that the strongly institutionalized role obligations of biological fathers impeded rather than aided nonresident father-child engagement. When nonresident fathers did not meet institutionalized expectations, adolescents experienced psychological trauma and usually resisted their attempts to become more involved. In contrast, the incomplete institutionalization of the stepparent role benefited stepfather-stepchild relations by allowing stepfathers to flexibly adapt to complex family dynamics. Further, stepfathers more easily met, and even exceeded, their stepchildren's limited expectations of them. Thus, stepfathers may face a lower cultural bar for and gain greater satisfaction from fulfilling the father role than nonresident biological fathers.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43431642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What If They Were White? The Differential Arrest Consequences of Victim Characteristics for Black and White Co-offenders. 如果他们是白人呢?被害人特征对黑人和白人共犯逮捕后果的差异。

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spab043

Brendan Lantz, Marin R Wenger, Chloe J Craig

{"title":"What If They Were White? The Differential Arrest Consequences of Victim Characteristics for Black and White Co-offenders.","authors":"Brendan Lantz, Marin R Wenger, Chloe J Craig","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spab043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spab043","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial body of research focuses on racial disparity in the criminal justice system, with mixed results due to difficulty in disentangling differential offending from racial bias. Additionally, some research has demonstrated that victim characteristics can exacerbate racial disparity in outcomes for offenders, but little research has focused on the arrest stage. We use a quasi-experimental approach that examines incidents involving co-offending pairs to isolate the influence of offender race on arrest, beyond any characteristics of the incident itself, and we test for moderating effects of victim race and sex on racial disparities in arrest. Our findings reveal that, on average, when two offenders of different races commit the same offense together against the same victim, Black offenders are significantly more likely to be arrested than their White co-offending partners, especially for assault offenses. More importantly, this effect-for both assaults and homicides-is particularly strong when the victim is a White woman. Because these differences are between two offenders who commit the same offense together, we argue that the most plausible explanation for the differences is the presence of racial bias or discrimination.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"70 2","pages":"297-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321492/pdf/nihms-1772744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cisgendered Workspaces: Outright and Categorical Exclusion in Cisgendered Organizations 顺性别工作空间:在顺性别组织中直接和绝对的排斥

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad017

Angela Jones

{"title":"Cisgendered Workspaces: Outright and Categorical Exclusion in Cisgendered Organizations","authors":"Angela Jones","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scholars have only begun exploring how cisgenderism and its byproduct, cissexism, shape organizational processes and how classification systems produce categorical exclusions that harm transgender and non-binary people in cisgendered organizations. Drawing from in-depth interviews with transmasculine and non-binary sex workers, I build on burgeoning research on categorical exclusion in cisgendered organizations, examining how cisgenderism and cissexism, alongside racism, shape what I call cisgendered workspaces. Cisgendered workspaces is a conceptual framework that scholars can use to analyze the complex ways that cisgenderism and cissexism shape the design of workspaces, the administration of gender, workers’ labor experiences, and the adverse effects of cissexist exclusion. I argue that cisgendered workspaces produce two distinct modes of exclusion: outright exclusion and categorical exclusion. I demonstrate how transmasculine and non-binary sex workers experience outright exclusion (e.g., brothels or agencies that refuse to hire them) and categorical exclusions (e.g., escort advertising sites that have options for only cisgender women and men). I explore how cissexist exclusions and racism contribute to workers’ lack of access to critical resources and produce adverse mental health outcomes—all conditions that adversely affect worker job satisfaction and thwart experiences of joy and pleasure.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

In the Name of Love: White Organizations and Racialized Emotions 《以爱之名:白人组织与种族化情感

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad019

Sarah Diefendorf, C. Pascoe

{"title":"In the Name of Love: White Organizations and Racialized Emotions","authors":"Sarah Diefendorf, C. Pascoe","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article bridges the gap between insights from a theory of racialized organizations and insights from a theory of racialized emotions by asking what role these emotions play in organizations. Drawing on a combined four years of ethnographic data from two predominantly White organizations in the Pacific Northwest – a conservative evangelical mega-church and a progressive public high school – we argue that these two organizations address racial inequality with a set of racialized emotions that we call a “love discourse.” A love discourse is a seemingly apolitical way of addressing inequality that frames the solution to it as a matter of individual feelings of love and kindness rather than as a social problem that requires collective, political, or systemic solutions. A love discourse is grounded in and supports White racial ignorance. By providing a way to avoid politics, a love discourse allows two organizations with different political cultures and value systems to engage in diversity work that seems to address racial inequality, without actually challenging it. Love, in this sense, is a racialized emotion that appears to address racial inequality while also sustaining it.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61427072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latinxs and Racial Frames: The Evolution of Settler Colonial Ideologies in New Mexico 拉丁人与种族框架:新墨西哥移民殖民意识形态的演变

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad004

Casandra D. Salgado

{"title":"Latinxs and Racial Frames: The Evolution of Settler Colonial Ideologies in New Mexico","authors":"Casandra D. Salgado","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 I leverage the case of Nuevomexicanos, New Mexico’s long-standing Mexican American population, to extend our understanding of how legacies of Spanish and American conquest—that is, double colonization—can inform Latinxs’ understandings of discrimination and race. I show that while most Nuevomexicanos reported experiences with discrimination, they often minimized their racialized experiences because such instances were incompatible with the idea that living in a Hispanic-majority state sheltered them from racism. The Hispanic-majority frame was often paired with rationales that addressed spatial comparisons, cultural diversity or class inequality to deflect race. Nuevomexicanos struggled with viewing themselves as a low-status group due to their substantial representation in New Mexico yet still managing White racism. I argue that Nuevomexicanos’ race-minimizing frames parallel strategies that date back to Spanish colonization to leverage whiteness in order to contest discrimination. Nuevomexicanos race-minimizing claims, therefore, embody resistance strategies to claim equality with Whites. This study details how double colonization and region reflect variations in Latinxs’ conceptions of race.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnicity, Imprisonment, and Confidence in Police and Courts: Evidence from an International Survey 种族、监禁与对警察和法院的信任：来自国际调查的证据

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad011

Timothy L. O’Brien

{"title":"Ethnicity, Imprisonment, and Confidence in Police and Courts: Evidence from an International Survey","authors":"Timothy L. O’Brien","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates the sources of ethnic disparities in confidence in police and courts. After reviewing studies of ethnicity and trust in legal authorities and comparative research on prisons, I argue that ethnic divides in confidence in police and courts are based on power imbalances between majority and minority groups and exacerbated by punitive legal systems. I test these claims using data from waves 6 and 7 of the World Values Survey, including 99,480 people in 59 countries. Results from mixed effects logistic regressions indicate that, overall, ethnic majority group members are more likely than minority group members to be confident in police and in courts. However, the differences are larger in countries with higher imprisonment rates. In fact, there are no ethnic differences in confidence in police or courts in countries with low imprisonment rates. The patterns remain net of individual- and country-level controls for crime and other factors. These results suggest that ethnic disparities in confidence in legal authorities are rooted in power dynamics intrinsic to the minority-majority dichotomy and that punitive legal authorities amplify the divides.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black Boys’ Perceptions of Depression and Mental Health: Findings from the YBMen Project 黑人男孩对抑郁和心理健康的认知:来自YBMen项目的研究结果

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spad018

Ed-Dee G. Williams, Allura Casanova, Daphne C. Watkins

{"title":"Black Boys’ Perceptions of Depression and Mental Health: Findings from the YBMen Project","authors":"Ed-Dee G. Williams, Allura Casanova, Daphne C. Watkins","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite growing research dedicated to investigating the mental health of Black boys, few directly examine experiences with their perceptions and understanding of mental health conditions such as depression. This study uses data from a social media-based intervention for Black males, the Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health project. In a focus group with 8th-grade Black boys, facilitators asked open-ended questions about perceptions of mental health and depression, views of manhood, and experiences with social support. Findings revealed this group of Black boys – while well versed in many of the causes, symptoms, and treatments for mental health challenges and depression – preferred to address mental health needs on their own and through informal familial support. It also revealed the boys wrestled with the complex ways in which their racial identity would affect their experiences with mental health. The findings speak to the importance of mental health education for Black boys and the need for further research incorporating Black boys’ voices in their perceptions, experiences, and understandings of mental health. Finally, the study connects Black boys’ perspectives with many of the perspectives of their racially diverse peers.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61426961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0