Social Problems最新文献_第10页

Historical Markers or Markers of White Supremacy? Confederate Memorialization, Racial Threat, and Hate Crime 历史标志还是白人至上的标志?邦联纪念、种族威胁和仇恨犯罪

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spac033

Brendan Lantz, Marin R. Wenger, Zachary T. Malcom

{"title":"Historical Markers or Markers of White Supremacy? Confederate Memorialization, Racial Threat, and Hate Crime","authors":"Brendan Lantz, Marin R. Wenger, Zachary T. Malcom","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many Confederate monuments were erected during the Jim Crow era, sending symbolic messages of intimidation and hostility to the Black population. Yet no studies have examined the relationship between contemporary Confederate memorialization and bias crime. Drawing from research on hate crime law compliance, we posit an inverse relationship between Confederate monuments and mobilization of hate crime law, such that compliance with hate crime laws will be lower in communities with memorialization, but that among complying agencies, anti-Black hate crime rates will be higher. To examine these relationships, we combined data from the Uniform Crime Report Hate Crime Statistics and the American Community Survey with Confederate monument data from the Southern Poverty Law Center. We conducted analyses predicting a) monument presence, b) agency non-compliance, and c) anti-Black hate crime. Results indicate that monuments are located in communities exemplifying a challenge to racial hierarchies: economically advantaged communities with larger Black populations. Regarding hate crime, analyses show that (1) the American South is associated with reduced compliance, and, (2) after accounting for compliance, Confederate memorialization is associated with increased anti-Black hate crime. These findings have implications for intergroup conflict and the impact of local symbolism on the formal mobilization of hate crime law.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49009405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A comparative systematic scan of COVID-19 health literacy information sources for Canadian university students. 针对加拿大大学生的 COVID-19 健康知识信息来源的比较性系统扫描。

IF 2.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-05-11 Epub Date: 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.5.02

Sana Mahmood, John Vincent Lobendino Flores, Erica Di Ruggiero, Paola Ardiles, Hussein Elhagehassan, Simran Purewal

{"title":"A comparative systematic scan of COVID-19 health literacy information sources for Canadian university students.","authors":"Sana Mahmood, John Vincent Lobendino Flores, Erica Di Ruggiero, Paola Ardiles, Hussein Elhagehassan, Simran Purewal","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.42.5.02","DOIUrl":"10.24095/hpcdp.42.5.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: With the rapid spread of online coronavirus-related health information, it is important to ensure that this information is reliable and effectively communicated. This study observes the dissemination of COVID-19 health literacy information by Canadian postsecondary institutions aimed at university students as compared to provincial and federal government COVID-19 guidelines.Methods: We conducted a systematic scan of web pages from Canadian provincial and federal governments and from selected Canadian universities to identify how health information is presented to university students. We used our previously implemented health literacy survey with Canadian postsecondary students as a sampling frame to determine which academic institutions to include. We then used specific search terms to identify relevant web pages using Google and integrated search functions on government websites, and compared the information available on pandemic measures categorized by university response strategies, sources of expertise and branding approaches.Results: Our scan of Canadian government and university web pages found that universities similarly created one main page for COVID-19 updates and information and linked to public sector agencies as a main resource, and mainly differed in their provincial and local sources for obtaining information. They also differed in their strategies for communicating and displaying this information to their respective students.Conclusion: The universities in our sample outlined similar policies for their students, aligning with Canadian government public health recommendations and their respective provincial or regional health authorities. Maintaining the accuracy of these information sources is important to ensure student health literacy and counter misinformation about COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"1 1","pages":"188-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83469044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Usual, Racialized, Suspects: The Consequence of Police Contacts with Black and White Youth on Adult Arrest. 常见的、种族化的嫌疑人:警察与黑人和白人青年接触对逮捕成年人的影响。

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spaa042

Anne McGlynn-Wright, Robert D Crutchfield, Martie L Skinner, Kevin P Haggerty

{"title":"The Usual, Racialized, Suspects: The Consequence of Police Contacts with Black and White Youth on Adult Arrest.","authors":"Anne McGlynn-Wright, Robert D Crutchfield, Martie L Skinner, Kevin P Haggerty","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spaa042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa042","url":null,"abstract":"Research on race and policing indicates that Black Americans experience a greater frequency of police contacts, discretionary stops, and police harassment when stops occur. Yet, studies examining the long-term consequences of police contact with young people have not examined whether criminal justice consequences of police contact differ by race. We address this issue by examining whether police encounters with children and adolescents predict arrest in young adulthood and if these effects are the same for Black and White individuals. The paper uses longitudinal survey data from 331 Black and White respondents enrolled in the Seattle Public School District as eighth graders in 2001 and 2002. Our findings indicate that police encounters in childhood increase the risk of arrest in young adulthood for Black but not White respondents. Black respondents who experience contact with the police by the eighth grade have eleven times greater odds of being arrested when they are 20 years old than their White counterparts.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"69 2","pages":"299-315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/socpro/spaa042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10330687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Gendered Logics of Biomedical Research: Women in U.S. Phase I Clinical Trials. 生物医学研究的性别逻辑:美国I期临床试验中的女性。

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spaa035

Marci D Cottingham, Jill A Fisher

{"title":"Gendered Logics of Biomedical Research: Women in U.S. Phase I Clinical Trials.","authors":"Marci D Cottingham, Jill A Fisher","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spaa035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa035","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of including diverse populations in biomedical research, women remain underrepresented as healthy volunteers in the testing of investigational drugs in Phase I trials. Contributing significantly to this are restrictions that pharmaceutical companies place on the participation of women of so-called childbearing potential. These restrictions have far-reaching effects on biomedical science and the public health of women. Using 191 interviews collected over 3 years, this article explores the experiences of 47 women who navigate restrictions on their participation in U.S. Phase I trials. Women in this context face a number of contradictory criteria when trying to enroll, which can curtail their participation, justify additional surveillance, and deny pregnant women reproductive agency. The pharmaceutical industry's putative protections for hypothetical fetuses exacerbate inequalities and attenuate a thorough investigation of the safety of their drugs for public consumption. We use the framework of \"anticipatory motherhood\" within a gendered organizations approach to make sense of women's experiences in this context.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"69 2","pages":"492-509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/socpro/spaa035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Regional differences in access to direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C across Ontario: A cross-sectional study. 安大略省丙型肝炎直接作用抗病毒治疗的地区差异：横断面研究。

2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v48i04a08

Natalia Konstantelos, Ahmad Shakeri, Daniel McCormack, Anabel Campos-Meade, Tara Gomes, Michelle Murti, Valérie Pierre-Pierre, Mina Tadrous

{"title":"Regional differences in access to direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C across Ontario: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Natalia Konstantelos, Ahmad Shakeri, Daniel McCormack, Anabel Campos-Meade, Tara Gomes, Michelle Murti, Valérie Pierre-Pierre, Mina Tadrous","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v48i04a08","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v48i04a08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a condition affecting over 100,000 Ontarians. Although DAAs are covered under the public drug programs in Ontario, receiving prescriptions depends on access to healthcare. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between DAA treatment rates and distance to prescriber in Ontario, Canada.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and identified patients who filled a DAA prescription through the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) in 2019. We calculated crude (per 100,000 ODB recipients) and adjusted (by a regional HCV infection rate) DAA treatment rates by public health unit (PHU). We reported median distances to provider for all visit types, in-person visits, virtual visits, and proportions of visits that were virtual.Results: In 2019, the crude DAA treatment rate for Ontario is 83.0 patients per 100,000 ODB recipients. The HCV-adjusted DAA treatment rate ranges from 28.2 (Northwestern Ontario) to 188.5 (Eastern Ontario) per 100,000. In our primary analysis, patients in rural PHUs, including Northwestern and Porcupine, were among the highest median distances to prescriber for all visit types (1,195 km and 556 km, respectively). These PHUs also had the highest proportions of virtual visits (greater than 60%). Urban PHUs, such as Toronto and Ottawa, had smaller median distances for all visit types, with smaller proportions of virtual visits (10.8% and 12.4%, respectively).Conclusion: We observed heterogeneity in treatment rates, distance to DAA prescribers and use of virtual care in the management of HCV. Increasing use of telemedicine in regions with limited utilization of DAAs may improve access.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"9 1","pages":"179-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9018058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90574558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rights vs. Lived Realities: Women's Views of Gender Equality in Relationships in Rural South Africa. 权利vs.生活现实:南非农村妇女对两性平等关系的看法。

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spac015

Christie Sennott, Danielle Kane

{"title":"Rights vs. Lived Realities: Women's Views of Gender Equality in Relationships in Rural South Africa.","authors":"Christie Sennott, Danielle Kane","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spac015","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa's Constitution is among the world's most ambitious in promoting gender equality, but the country continues to be marked by inequality and gender-based violence. Given this context, we analyze 43 interviews with Black women aged 18-55 in rural South Africa to explore how the constitutional ideal of gender equality-or \"50/50\"-has been interpreted and applied in women's intimate relationships. Overall, we found that inequality and gender hierarchy were common in relationships. Women relied on two logics to explain the persistence of inequality in their relationships. First, women offered ideological support for gender norms supporting hierarchy by linking 50/50 to the abandonment of culture, tradition, and respect. Second, women viewed reaffirmation of gender inequality within relationships as a pragmatic way to avoid men's violence and infidelity, thus protecting women from abandonment and HIV. Women's views about equality in relationships were shaped by dominant gender norms, precarity in the local political economy, and the risks of violence and HIV/AIDS. Our findings expand theories of social change by highlighting how not only longstanding social norms, but also local political-economic and health conditions can influence views of equality and ultimately the local adoption or dismissal of international standards of rights and equality.","PeriodicalId":48307,"journal":{"name":"Social Problems","volume":"2022 ","pages":"spac015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9811478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spac017

引用次数: 2

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spac021

引用次数: 3

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Problems Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/socpro/spac026