{"title":"Latency, uncertainty, contagion: Epistemologies of risk-as-reform in crime forecasting software","authors":"Liz Calhoun","doi":"10.1177/02637758231197012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231197012","url":null,"abstract":"A shift in crime analysis software used by municipal police departments in the US is currently underway from simpler predictive models to criminal ‘risk’ forecasting that uses data not specific to crime to direct police to areas with ‘environmental risk factors’ such as bars, transit stops and mental health facilities. Through analyses of interviews with developers, industry professionals and law enforcement as well as published statements, this article offers a detailed examination of how the function and premises of ‘data-driven’ policing are altered by this turn to epistemologies of risk. I argue that the latent presence of ‘disorder’ supplements visible aberrations of ‘order.’ Statistical indeterminacies are called upon to justify a range of police interventions, and a focus on arenas of contagion supplements the spatial logic of containment. These turns reveal that the paradigm of ‘risk’ participates in the cooptation by technocratic reform of critiques exposing the problematic geographies of policing. I therefore suggest a shift away from critique oriented by revealing spatial bias in purported objectivity and towards interventions in the operationalization of indeterminacy itself and the vision of public life that undergirds and is enacted by this software.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"98 1","pages":"745 - 762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81009428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kites, billboards and bridges: Reading the city’s curfew through the glitch","authors":"Aya Nassar","doi":"10.1177/02637758231196414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231196414","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt at reading the city through what gets extended and/or suspended in it in a time of an interruption, or a glitch. It does this while thinking about Cairo's curfew during the summer of 2020. I focus on this short pause that disrupted what is perceived to be regular urban life in a place like Cairo. Centering a collaboration with the Egyptian visual artist Azza Ezzat, we read some snapshots of this seemingly minor interruption through three ordinary objects that inhabit the city’s skyline: kites, billboards, and bridges. Through these three objects that suspend at the interstices of a skyline, I trace suspensions and extensions of infrastructure, broadly defined. My contention is that the glitch of the curfew helps to make apparent ongoing processes and infrastructures that keep a post-revolutionary Cairo going (for better or for worse). I propose that the material and affective affordance of the glitch provide a lens that disinvests from the logics of exception and states of emergency that have dominated research on the country and even on the city.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"23 1","pages":"726 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78285289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on a cis discipline","authors":"Jack Jen Gieseking","doi":"10.1177/02637758231191656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231191656","url":null,"abstract":"people thinking they can go from being poor to a millionaire as part of a shared American dream. Imagination turns Brown bombers into terrorists and white bombers into mentally ill victims. Imagination gives us borders, gives us superiority, gives us race as an indicator of ability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone else’s capability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone’ else’s imagination, and I must engage my own imagination in order to break free. (2017: 18)","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"63 1","pages":"571 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77454125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making space for a radical trans imagination: Towards a kinder, more vulnerable, geography","authors":"Sage Brice","doi":"10.1177/02637758231187449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231187449","url":null,"abstract":"This essay makes a two-fold argument. First, that in failing its trans constituents, the discipline of geography falls short of its ethical, intellectual, and imaginative commitments. Second, that the task of developing a concept of space adequate to the diversity of trans experience offers an opportunity to tackle long-standing tensions in the discipline. Taking trans experience seriously requires a transversal conception of space, preferencing neither individual bodies nor societal structures as the principal site of meaning, but situating meaning instead in the ongoing, transformative, and mutually constitutive encounter between an individual and its – their – milieu. 1 The second part of this essay sketches out the provisional contours of such a trans concept of space. Both strands of this argument come together in a call for a kinder, more vulnerable, and more solidary discipline. In his deeply moving and powerful essay, Gieseking (2023) sums up some of the ways that geography as a discipline is failing trans people; the ways geography is failing to step through the door that is opened up by what we could call the current ‘trans moment’ (with scare quotes, because this has in fact been a very long, drawn-out, and painful ‘moment’ for many of us and thus we should – following Jules Gill-Peterson (2018) – perhaps speak instead of the long trans century 2 ). I am pleased to note that there was a strong trans presence at this year’s American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, where Gieseking first delivered his essay as a talk. When I last attended the conference in New Orleans in 2018, there was virtually nothing trans-related in the programme. But as Eden Kinkaid (2020, 2022), among others, has pointed out, this heightened visibility is a double-edged sword for both trans scholars and trans people more generally (Gosset et al., 2022). 3","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"52 1","pages":"592 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anthroposea: Planning future ecologies in Mumbai’s wetscapes","authors":"N. Anand","doi":"10.1177/02637758231183439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231183439","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I describe Mumbai’s sea as an “anthroposea” – a sea made with ongoing anthropogenic processes across landwaters – to draw attention to the ways in which it troubles both urban planning and the making of environmental futures. I focus on three moments in which Mumbai’s more-than-human life now emerges in the anthroposea. First, I describe the surprising proliferations of lobsters, gulls, and fishers in a sewage outfall. Second, I draw attention to the city’s flourishing flamingo population amidst industrial effluents in the city’s industrial zone. Finally, the article floats towards a popular city beach where citizen scientists at Marine Life of Mumbai show the ways in which the city’s phenomenal biodiversity is making homes in and with the city’s plastic waste. I argue that these ongoing and dynamic relations between urban waste and more-than-human life make unstable and tenuous the modernist distinctions of nature/culture on which environmental and urban projects depend. The anthroposea does not easily permit the making of near futures. Instead, by crossing spatial scales and epistemological boundaries, the anthroposea holds the city and its citizens in the muddy materialities of an ongoing present; a present in which the vitalities of waste are intransigent, permanent, and generate life in the city’s landwaters.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"47 1","pages":"683 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88497383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Counter-mapping the mobile border: Racial surveillance and data justice in spaces of disappearance","authors":"E. Russell, Poppy de Souza","doi":"10.1177/02637758231179224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231179224","url":null,"abstract":"Following significant social and legal challenges to Australia’s colonial policy of ‘offshoring’ immigration detention, the system has become more mobile and diffuse, expanding through a range of new, ad-hoc, and established detention sites both ‘on’ and ‘offshore’. Refugees, asylum seekers and other non-citizens are frequently transferred and dispersed between these sites, which form ‘spaces of disappearance’. In this article, we draw upon concepts of racial surveillance capitalism and data justice to analyse a work by the Manus Recording Project Collective, titled where are you today, that sought to expose and counter the colonial border’s disappearing effects. The work involved the creation and distribution of audio-recordings from inside detention sites to subscribers. Recordings were distributed via text messages that also plotted individual subscribers in spatiotemporal relation to the detained artists that created them. The Collective thereby appropriated the tools of surveillance capitalism – such as GPS tracking and timestamping – to create dynamic digital cartographies of the mobile-carceral border. Through studying this work, we aim to deepen understandings of colonial bordering practices and highlight possibilities for disrupting the social divisions and exclusions that they reproduce.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"33 1","pages":"494 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87260945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sparks from the friction of terrain: Transport animals, borderlands, and the territorial imagination in China","authors":"T. White","doi":"10.1177/02637758231184881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231184881","url":null,"abstract":"Representations of the friction of terrain play a significant role in the production of the territorial imagination in contemporary China. As infrastructure and its attendant promises are rolled out to once-remote corners of the nation, the state has sought to memorialize the heroic experience of the friction of terrain during the Chinese Revolution and subsequent projects of territorial incorporation in Inner Asia, before the proliferation of durable infrastructure. At the same time, even as the Chinese state deploys increasingly high-tech, disembodied means to police its borders, representations of charismatic transport animals used to patrol select sections of these borders have circulated in various media. This article argues that the mobility of animal bodies is deployed to produce a distinctive form of territorial imagination in China, one which foregrounds the friction of terrain at certain sites, and conjures up state fantasies of interspecies relations as/and interethnic friendship. While much recent scholarly literature focusses on the collocation of infrastructure and state power, this article calls for attention to the ways in which states can also mobilize representations of selected sites of roadlessness, and concomitant animal-based mobilities.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"38 1","pages":"433 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79710224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plastic monsters: Abjection, worms, the Cthulhic, and the black single-use plastic bag","authors":"L. Gibson","doi":"10.1177/02637758231178031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231178031","url":null,"abstract":"The single-use plastic bag is the most legislated item of plastic in the world, banned in over 92 countries. The bans are largely concentrated in Africa and the Caribbean, where the plastic bags are often black and the plastic footprints small. The bans have destabilised essential economic, social, and technical arrangements of marginalised communities reliant on plastic engagements and adaptations to improvise against multiple, overlapping, incursive forms of violence. This article seeks to understand the spatial and material nature of these legislative actions and the particular item of single-use plastic they target. Acknowledging the (spatialised) material realities of the single-use plastic bag, this article argues that these bans are a legislative response to the black plastic bag as spatialised, racialised, sexualised, abject Other. Drawing from monster theory, the article reflects on the trans-corporeal body burdening of black plastic bags and the black hands, black bodies, black markets, and black, corrupt, illicit actions with whom and which they are associated. Reconceptualising the (black) single-use plastic bag as an agape, plastic monster that defines, patrols, and transgresses cultural/economic boundaries, this article calls for making explicit the vermicular activities within economic marginalisation and distinguishing them from the discursively constructed amorphous, tentacled mass.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"70 1","pages":"529 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81573541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Under pressure: Catching the pulse of a Cuban crisis","authors":"Alexandrine Boudreault‐Fournier","doi":"10.1177/02637758231181398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231181398","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure refers to a force exerted on humans, objects, and ecosystems that prevents or facilitates the flow and growth of things, movements, bodies, and ideas. Cuba has to cope with a lot of pressure due to the collapse of the tourist industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, an aging infrastructure, a malfunctioning system, and the long-lasting U.S. embargo. I propose to think through pressure in order to highlight some of the strategies adopted by people and other organisms to deal with or lower the pressure felt in their daily life. In reflecting on the current Cuban economic, social and humanitarian crisis, I aim at catching the pulse of the moment to shift the crisis-based discourse to one based on pressure. I focus on two types of pressure – air and blood – to think through the pulse of the post-COVID Cuban crisis. Pressure allows for a cross-sectorial and multi-scalar understanding of the connections between how people live and how they strive to develop coping mechanisms to face pressure.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"78 1","pages":"392 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}