e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

{"title":"Total Focusing Method (TFM) and Phase Coherence Imaging (PCI) applied to various industrial cases","authors":"Frederic Reverdy, Jérôme Poirier, Guy Maes","doi":"10.58286/28465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28465","url":null,"abstract":"Les techniques d’imageries ultrasonores basées sur la Total Focusing Method (TFM) sont de plus en plus utilisées dans les applications industrielles. L’adoption de la méthodes a été rendue plus facile avec la publication de la méthode dans les codes ASME V, ISO 23864 et 23865. La TFM est une technique qui implique deux étapes : la première est l’acquisition appelée Full Matrix Capture (FMC) et la deuxième est la reconstruction elle-même (TFM). La TFM consiste à focaliser l’énergie acoustique à tous les pixels d’une région d’intérêt procurant une image de forte résolution. De nombreux développements ont été apportés à la technique pour améliorer notamment la productivité en utilisant des modes d’excitations tels que le Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) pour atteindre des vitesses de scan similaires à celles obtenues en multiéléments traditionnels. Alors que la TFM est basée sur l’extraction des amplitudes de la FMC, une autre technique appelée Phase Cohérence Imaging (PCI) extrait l’information de phase. Le PCI montre un fort contraste quand les éléments contribuent en phase. C’est le cas pour des défauts qui diffractent de l’énergie dans toutes les directions comme des petits défauts (HTHA, porosités…), les extrémités de fissures ou le grain des matériaux. A l’opposé, les échos spéculaires tendent à être minimisés puisque peu d’éléments contribuent en phase..","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence for Automated Defect Detection on Nuclear Power Plant Fuel Asssembly Components","authors":"Eleftherios Anagnostopoulos, Yann Kernin, Cyrille Voillet","doi":"10.58286/28463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28463","url":null,"abstract":"For manufacturing nuclear fuel, Framatome's various plants and workshops carry out rolling operations of chemical and thermal treatment on zirconium tubes. After the finishing stages of these tubes, a series of checks are carried out, including a visual inspection of the final external surface, to ensure the quality and integrity of these cladding tubes, essential for nuclear safety. Today, this visual inspection is automated but requires a significant amount of time for an expert to review the rejected components by the current analysis system. To minimize the number of components rejected by the existing system while respecting the same level of defect detections, a study of the application of Artificial Intelligence was conducted. Two convolutional networks of a similar architecture have been developed: one for making a decision to sanction the tube and one to classify the type of rejection. In this article we present the architecture of the chosen neural networks, as well as the performance obtained for a large set of evaluation data from the rejections of produced tubes. Finally, we put these results into perspective by exposing the potential productivity gain using this system in production assisted by Artificial Intelligence.","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Méthodologie optimisée pour la reconstruction tomographique avec ajout d’informations a priori pour l’inspection par rayons X","authors":"Victor Bussy, Caroline Vienne, Julie Escoda, Valérie Kaftandjian","doi":"10.58286/28692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28692","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article propose une méthodologie pour améliorer la qualité de la reconstruction tomographique par rayons X en utilisant la connaissance a priori du modèle 3D de l'objet inspecté. Pour cela, la conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) de l'objet inspecté est intégrée dans les différentes étapes du processus tomographique. Elle permet d’une part de choisir les meilleures vues lors de la phase d’acquisition et d’autre part de réduire le nombre d’inconnues lors de la phase de reconstruction. Cette approche est illustrée sur un exemple issu de la fabrication additive. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que la méthode proposée permet d'obtenir des reconstructions de meilleure qualité que les méthodes traditionnelles de reconstruction tomographique à partir d’un nombre de vues restreint. Cette approche ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour améliorer la qualité des images dans des applications industrielles","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some practical NDE and QC Applications of Time Domain Terahertz Technology","authors":"Joseph Buckley, Irl Duling","doi":"10.58286/28181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28181","url":null,"abstract":"This is an introductory talk, which will briefly discuss the principles of the generation and measurement of terahertz energy, look at its interaction with different materials and show how these principles can be employed to perform inspections of a wide variety of nonconductive materials, including single or multi-layer plastic structures and coatings on both conductive and nonconductive substrates. Terahertz technology, using electromagnetic waves situated between microwaves and the far infra-red, is another ‘tool in the box’ enabling accurate measurement of layer thickness, location of metallic inserts, and detection of discontinuities in materials and configurations that are unsuited for ‘conventional’ inspection approaches. Terahertz investigations are non-harmful, non-contact and normally can be applied from one side of a part. This talk will discuss the applicability of this technology to several practical applications in the aerospace, manufacturing, energy, construction and oil and gas industries. This includes applications where the technology has been implemented into production, and others where it has been investigated, shown to be feasible, but not yet implemented due to external factors. We will also mention its application in several ‘cultural heritage’ investigations. Brief details of equipment used will be discussed and an outline case study showing development of a technique and the accuracy which can be obtained will be presented.","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numeric Prediction of the Detail Visibility in Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography by Human Observers","authors":"Uwe Ewert, Frank Herold, Holger Roth, Florian Wohlgemuth","doi":"10.58286/28437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28437","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT) is applied in industry for flaw detection, flaw evaluation and dimensional measurement. This requires the correct experimental system settings for sufficient visibility and detectability of details and structure elements. This is an essential tool for long term monitoring of the detail sensitivity of CT scanners. The visibility of indications by human observers on a monitor in cross sectional 2D CT-images can be estimated from the square root of the visible flaw area, the Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). The ASTM guide E 1441 describes a more detailed procedure for the determination of the minimum contrast for the visibility of flaws based on three essential functions for the prediction of the visibility of small circular indications in iCT slice images. This is the Contrast Discrimination Function (CDF), the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) as described in the latest revision of ASTM E 1695, and the Contrast Detail Diagram (CDD). All these functions analyse the contrast as function of the spatial frequency in digital 2D slice images. The functions do not describe, how to calculate the visibility limit for human observers. The concept for the automated calculation of the visibility limit of circular indications in reconstructed slice images is discussed in this paper. It is finally determined from the intersection point of the MTF with the Contrast Detail Diagram, which is the combination of CDF and MTF, and a physiological factor c. The new measurement procedures for the prediction of the detail visibility by MTF and CDD was tested with test phantoms and be verified by modelling and measurements. A Round Robin test was conducted with more than 10 parties to verify the visibility formula and the procedure for determination of the visibility limit from the combination of these functions. A form factor is considered to compare cylinder holes with pore indications. Conclusions will be reported and recommendations will be given for the determination of the correct physiological factor c.","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the stiffness tensor from Lamb wave velocity profiles measured on steel with different texture","authors":"Arno Volker, Arno Duijster, Frenk Van Den Berg, Carola Celado-Casero, Stefan Melzer","doi":"10.58286/28332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28332","url":null,"abstract":"It is important that steel meets the designated material parameters after production. Ideally, relevant parameters should be measured inline to have the ability to control the process during production. This requires a method that determines material parameters, such as the texture and various stiffness matrix components. These material properties can be derived from ultrasonic Lamb wave velocity measurements for different angles relative to the rolling direction. Objectives A method for estimating relevant stiffness matrix components needs to be developed, tested on simulation results and applied on measurements. Work performed A set of 10 cold-rolled Interstitial Free (IF) steel samples is provided by Tata Steel. These samples have different microstructures and thus different elastic properties. The ultrasonic Lamb wave velocity is measured for each of those samples over 360°. For each sample, a digital representative volume element (RVE) is generated using periodic Voronoi diagrams with a very large number of grains (10,000 – 100,000), based on through-thickness microstructural characterization by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The set of 10 RVEs is used in 3D Finite Difference simulations where grains are included individually and modelled as single crystals with specific orientations. The wave propagation of the S0 and SH0 modes is simulated. An inversion scheme has been developed to estimate a large number of components of the stiffness matrix from a velocity profile. Results Velocity profiles obtained from simulations are compared with those from measurements. For each sample, the results are very similar. The inversion scheme has been tested on simulations and applied to measurements from the IF samples. Results indicate that an acceptable accuracy can be achieved, although not all components are resolved equally well in the measurements. Conclusions The proposed inversion scheme enables the estimation of all relevant stiffness tensor components from a Lamb wave velocity profile with sufficient accuracy.","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Non-destructive Testing Method for Tube Inspection in Fin-Fan Coolers in Kazakhstan’s Oil/Gas, Chemical and Power Industries.","authors":"John P. Hansen, J V Hansen, Jonathan Hansen, Sarken D. Kapayeva, Marek J Bergander","doi":"10.58286/28192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58286/28192","url":null,"abstract":"Many oil/gas fields in Kazakhstan contain high levels of highly corrosive H2S and CO2, sometimes at very high pressures. The management of corrosion is essential in maintaining plant safety and integrity of the processing facility. This paper describes the development of a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that improves the reliability of air-cooled heat exchangers by reducing down-time related to corrosive and erosive failure of fin-fan tubes. The project goal was to maximize the output of oil and gas plants and refineries while reducing the plant operating cost. The work first identified those NDT requirements for air-cooled heat exchangers damage assessment that would provide the greatest economic benefit for Kazakhstan industry. The main objective was to develop a state-of-an-art NDT method for air-cooled heat exchanger tubes, capable to: a) detect any damage mechanism while testing from tube internal diameter, b) accurately determine the damage in terms of wall loss, c) perform inspection quickly and expediently, d) requires minimum tube cleaning. Consequently, the method specially adapted for Kazakhstan conditions was developed based on a combination of Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique for flaw detection and with Hall effect measurement of wall thickness and gradual corrosion in tubes. The method has been tested in both laboratory and field conditions and the results were compared with accurate but slow ultrasonic IRIS method. High correlation was obtained, which proved that the developed technology is capable to deliver similar results at the speed almost 10 times faster and less than half the cost.","PeriodicalId":482749,"journal":{"name":"e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135931542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}