Infant Behavior & Development最新文献

{"title":"Accent variation and the development of speech and language abilities","authors":"Katherine S. White ,&nbsp;Elizabeth K. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accent variation is a central feature of human language. As adults, we readily adapt to different varieties of our native language, but we also use accent information to make a variety of social inferences. Thus, our treatment of accents sits squarely at the intersection of language and social processing. Despite the ubiquity of accent variation and its importance in our mental lives, it was long absent from studies in the field of infant development. Although the complexities of bilingual input were recognized, the study of monolingual language development proceeded as if all infants were exposed to a single variety of their native language. This perspective shaped our theories of speech and language development. The first study to explore infants’ perception of accents was published in 2000. Over the past 25 years, there has been a steady increase in work on infants’ treatment of new accent varieties, their handling of multiple varieties in their natural input, and their accent-based social inferences. There is much left to be learned about just how infants navigate the rich tapestry of speech variation in their environments, but this work has already provided an important window into the nature of infants’ speech representations and has upended our understanding of how early links between language and social variation are formed. We conclude our review by highlighting how understanding infants’ treatment of accent variation is critical for developing models that can account for efficient speech and language development in linguistically diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal neurobehavior and infant temperament amongst offspring born to parents with and without ADHD","authors":"Heather M. Joseph ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Jihui Diaz ,&nbsp;Amy Salisbury ,&nbsp;Lauren Lorenzi-Quigley ,&nbsp;Justine Vecchiarelli ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Coughlin ,&nbsp;Jana M. Iverson ,&nbsp;Brooke S.G. Molina","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition of childhood. Identification of signals of emerging ADHD before the onset of symptoms is a necessary first step to intervening early and preventing associated impairments. The current study examined the relation between neonatal neurobehaviors infant temperament traits known to be associated with childhood ADHD. Neonates (43–49 weeks postmenstrual age; N = 78), half with increased likelihood of childhood ADHD based on parental ADHD, were assessed using the NeoNatal Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS-II). Parents later reported on infant temperament using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 7–10 months of age. Offspring born to parents with and without ADHD did not differ on neonatal neurobehavior.Infants of parents with ADHD had less effortful control and greater negative affect.Greater non-optimal reflexes and central nervous system stress abstinence signs were associated with less effortful control in infancy. Whereas greater neonatal selfregulation was associated with more negative affect in infancy. Very early neurobehavioral signals of risk for behavioral and emotional dysregulation associated with later attentional problems to be detectable as early as the neonatal period. Longitudinal follow-up to the age at which ADHD can be clinically assessed is needed to examine these neurobehavioral presentations as predictors of childhood ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor developmental trajectories in infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Luyang Guan ,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Tianshu Gao ,&nbsp;Yonglu Wang ,&nbsp;Qingyao Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Li ,&nbsp;Anqi Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may reveal early potential indicators of ASD. This prospective cohort study investigated the developmental trajectories of motor skills in infants with an elevated likelihood of ASD from three time points. The Gesell Developmental Schedules were used to collect prospective, longitudinal data from infants aged 6–24 months. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule was employed for the clinical symptoms of ASD at 18–24 months. Latent class trajectory modeling was applied to identify distinct groups of infants with an elevated likelihood of ASD exhibiting similar motor skills trajectories. The final analysis included 121 infants. At the 24-month follow-up, two distinct gross motor trajectory classes, and three distinct fine motor trajectory classes were identified. Compared to a stable trajectory of gross motor developmental, the variable trajectory was associated with an ASD diagnosis, while the trajectory of fine motor skills showed no significant association. These results provide valuable insight into ASD-specific developmental trajectories and promote the identification of developmentally personalized ASD treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social communication skills profile in infants with sex chromosome trisomy at 12 months of age","authors":"Rebecca Wilson ,&nbsp;Samantha Bothwell ,&nbsp;Stephanie K. Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Talia Thompson ,&nbsp;Karli Swenson ,&nbsp;Emily Werner ,&nbsp;Nicole Tartaglia","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex Chromosome Trisomy (SCT) conditions are genetic disorders that affect approximately 1:500 children. Although there is considerable variability in phenotype, individuals with SCT have an elevated likelihood, compared to the general population, of developing social deficits and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies report that 10–35 % of individuals with SCT meet criteria for ASD, depending on differences in ascertainment methods and diagnostic criteria. More specifically, ASD prevalence has been estimated at approximately 18 % (range 10–27 %) for XXY, 15 % (10.8–20 %) for XXX, and 30 % (19–43 %) for XYY.^<em>.</em> Understanding social development in young children with SCT is important for identifying potential early predictors of later ASD diagnoses and informing early intervention efforts and specific targets for intervention. We describe the social communication profiles of 69 participants with a prenatal diagnosis of SCT (XXY/Klinefelter syndrome=45, XYY=12, and XXX=12) participating in a prospective natural history study at 12 months of age. All participants completed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule- 2nd edition (ADOS-2) Toddler Module (TM) and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development- 3rd edition (Bayley-III) associated with their 12-month visit. Supplementary analyses of the impact of wearing masks during COVID19 are included. Participants showed elevated scores on ADOS-2 TM language/ social communication and reciprocal social interaction items including use of gestures, directed babbling/vocalizations towards others and in skills related to initiating social interactions and directing facial expressions toward others. Participants showed few difficulties on items that measured restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). There were no significant differences between SCT subtypes. Lower receptive and expressive language scores on the Bayley-III correlated with more challenges (higher scores) as measured by ADOS-2 TM clinical severity scores. Results show that children with SCT conditions as young as 12 months of age are at increased likelihood for social communication deficits. They also show few RRBs, differentiating them from young children diagnosed with idiopathic ASD. While 45 % had scores in the mild concern range or above, no participants received a clinical diagnosis of ASD. Prospective follow-up of this cohort will detail the developmental profile of social communication skills beyond 12 months of age and identify the proportion and early predictors of those who emerge to meet criteria for a clinical diagnosis of ASD. Results support close monitoring of early social development and provide specific early social development skills to target in future early intervention trials in infants with SCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating canonical babbling ratios extracted from day-long audio recordings in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Shoba S. Meera ,&nbsp;Divya Swaminathan ,&nbsp;Rahul Pawar ,&nbsp;Lisa Yankowitz ,&nbsp;Kevin Donovan ,&nbsp;Khavi Khuu ,&nbsp;Julia Parish-Morris ,&nbsp;Steven F. Warren ,&nbsp;Annette Estes ,&nbsp;Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ,&nbsp;Mark Clements ,&nbsp;David V. Anderson ,&nbsp;Robert T. Schultz ,&nbsp;Heather C. Hazlett ,&nbsp;Tanya St. John ,&nbsp;Juhi Pandey ,&nbsp;Natasha Marrus ,&nbsp;Kelly Botteron ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Dager ,&nbsp;Meghan R. Swanson ,&nbsp;Joseph Piven","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canonical babbling (CB) is a critical developmental milestone that typically occurs in the second half of the first year of life. Studies focusing on CB in infants at elevated familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or who later receive an ASD diagnosis are limited and the evidence is mixed. CB comprises a series of canonical syllables (CS) which are defined as the rapid transitions between consonant-like sounds paired with vowel-like sounds (e.g., [gugugu]). One way of measuring CB is by computing canonical babbling ratio (CBR) i.e. total number of CS divided by the total number of syllables. If the child has reached the criterion of 0.15 CBR it is said that they have achieved the CB stage. For several years now, CB has been measured using short lab based or home-based video recordings which may not represent a child’s natural vocalization pattern since child vocalizations fluctuate throughout the day. Day long audio recordings, that capture a child’s vocalizations throughout the day, has the potential to overcome this limitation. Therefore, the current study aimed to answer whether CBRs computed from day-long audio recordings using the language environment analysis (LENA®) were different among infants at elevated familial likelihood for ASD who receive an ASD diagnosis (EL-ASD; n = 11), who did not receive an ASD diagnosis (EL-Neg; n = 32) and infants at low likelihood for ASD (LL-Neg; n = 25) at 9 and 15 months. The study also aimed to evaluate if there are group differences in reaching the canonical babbling stage at 9 and 15 months and are CBRs at 9 and 15 months associated with later language abilities at 24 months. Findings indicated no group differences in mean CBRs at 9 and 15 months and no association with later language abilities. However, we found that children in the EL-ASD group were less likely to reach the 0.15 CBR threshold for being in the canonical babbling stage by 9 months of age. Thus, suggesting that a diagnosis of ASD is associated with delays in CB for some children. Future work in this area must include a larger sample and more standardized annotation protocols to harmonize results across studies and ensure replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting intrinsic sex differences in STEM aptitude: Insights from infant development research twenty years after Spelke (2005)","authors":"Jillian Lauer","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origins of gender inequalities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain debated. A key question is whether these inequalities arise from intrinsic sex differences in cognition and perception present in infancy, social and cultural influences experienced throughout development, or a combination of both. In a formative 2005 review, Spelke argued against intrinsic sex differences in STEM aptitude, citing myriad evidence of sex similarities in infant visual object preferences, numerical cognition, and spatial reasoning. This review reassesses Spelke’s claims in light of contemporary research on infant development within these domains. In contrast to Spelke’s arguments, the extant literature now suggests that sex differences in visual preferences and spatial processing emerge within the first year of life. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that such sex differences are intrinsic or contribute to later gender inequalities in STEM, aligning with Spelke’s broader conceptual thesis. The findings of this review underscore the need for integrative approaches to identifying the factors that give rise to early sex differences in object preferences and spatial processing, longitudinal research to assess the developmental stability of these sex differences, and diverse samples to inform developmental pathways that shape gender inequalities in STEM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal saliency and verbal information influence the imitation of movements and goals in 20-to 22-month-old toddlers","authors":"Léonie Trouillet ,&nbsp;Ricarda Bothe ,&nbsp;Nivedita Mani ,&nbsp;Birgit Elsner","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has suggested that infants and toddlers prioritize the imitation of goals over movements, but recent evidence revealed a more flexible pattern of imitation that depended on the visual saliency or efficiency of movements and goals. This study investigated how visual saliency of action goals alongside verbal information influences toddlers’ action processing and imitation. Twenty- to 22-month-old toddlers observed a toy animal being moved in a particular style toward one of two goals. Goals were either two-dimensional drawings or three-dimensional objects. Before the demonstration, the experimenter provided verbal information about the movement style for one group of toddlers, and about the goal for the other group. Toddlers’ imitation was influenced by goal saliency, verbal information, and an interplay of these factors. Toddlers preferred to imitate the goal over the movement in the 3D condition, and the movement over the goal in the 2D condition, revealing that goal saliency influenced imitation preferences. The effect of verbal cues depended on the order of saliency conditions. Verbal cues impacted imitation only in toddlers who participated in the 2D trials first, indicating that toddlers might be especially susceptible to verbal cues when initial visual information is less salient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-sensitive communication in 13-month-old infants from urban and rural areas in Mozambique: Influence of the recipient’s behaviour and lifestyle","authors":"Claudia Kupelian ,&nbsp;Paul Vogt ,&nbsp;Marie Bourjade","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A handful of recent comparative studies indicates that infants’ early pragmatic skills such as attention-sensitive communication (ASC), i.e., the ability to adjust the sensory modality of communicative signals to the recipient’s attention, are affected by the recipient’s behaviour and attentional state. However, no study has been conducted in non-western eco-cultural environments comprising several main caregivers. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining ASC in 13-month-old Mozambican infants filmed in their homes in rural and urban communities in Mozambique. ASC was assessed through infants’ ability to avoid producing a silent-visual signal towards a visually inattentive recipient (<em>unimodal</em> adjustment) and/or instead employ tactile-or-audible signals in such situations (<em>cross-modal</em> adjustment). An ethological quantitative coding of behaviour was used to test if (1) 13-month-old infants displayed ASC, (2) eco-cultural environments affected ASC abilities, (3) infants addressed their mother or a non-maternal recipient differently, and (4) ASC was of predictive value regarding subsequent language skills. Infants from both rural and urban communities displayed ASC through unimodal and cross-modal adjustments, towards their mother and non-maternal recipients. Infants’ unimodal adjustment was facilitated by the mother’s Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) and physical contact and by non-maternal recipients’ physical contact. Cross-modal adjustment was eased by the removal of the mother’s physical contact and by the removal of non-maternal recipients’ IDS. Cross-modal adjustment abilities predicted a higher vocabulary production score in the MBCDI. These findings indicate that ASC is present in non-western infant development and is scaffolded on recipients’ behaviours, which vary according to the recipient’s status and eco-cultural environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging sensitivity to talking mouth in infants with low and elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study","authors":"Masahiro Hata ,&nbsp;Mingdi Xu ,&nbsp;Yoko Hakuno ,&nbsp;Eriko Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Yasuyo Minagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The talker’s mouth provides significant multimodal information that supports language development. Studies have revealed that infants over 6 months of age show increased attention to the mouth of a talking face, which results in vocabulary growth. However, few studies have reported the relationship between early gaze behavior and later language development in infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (EL infants). Since ASD cannot be diagnosed in infancy, these infants provide a valuable opportunity to investigate early developmental differences in visual attention that may be associated with ASD. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal eye-tracking experiment at ages 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months to investigate differences in gaze behavior between infants with a low likelihood of ASD (LL infants) and EL infants. We found that, exclusively in LL infants, the proportion of mouth-looking time significantly increased from 6 months to 9 months of age and remained relatively constant thereafter. In contrast, in EL infants, although the proportion of mouth-looking time gradually increased with age up to 24 months, their attentional change to talking mouth started later than that in LL infants. Furthermore, our results showed a conditionally positive relationship between mouth-looking and expressive vocabulary size in LL infants but not in EL infants. These findings indicate that EL infants may not utilize audiovisual information as valuable cues for language acquisition during infancy and toddlerhood, which may be a factor in their slow language development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver-infant interactions in infants at elevated familial likelihood for autism in India","authors":"Malavi Srikar ,&nbsp;Shoba S. Meera ,&nbsp;Reny Raju ,&nbsp;Divya Swaminathan ,&nbsp;Jonathan Green ,&nbsp;Ming Wai Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prospective studies of infants at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-A) have identified differences in caregiver–infant interactions (CII) when compared to infants at typical likelihood (TL). These differences begin to emerge prior to the infant’s first birthday and may impact social opportunities essential for facilitating social-communicative development. To our knowledge, all studies to date have focused on Western samples (Australian, European, and US). However, parenting science has long recognised cultural variability in CII. This study investigated whether global features of CII differed between EL-A and TL infants in India. Caregiver-infant free-play videos involving 33 EL-A and 15 TL infants aged 9–15 months were rated using the Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Child Interaction–Infant (MACI). EL-A infants received lower sensitive responsiveness and psychological stimulation compared to TL infants in age-controlled analyses. No significant group differences were found in caregiver directiveness or in infant or dyadic MACI scales. Furthermore, caregiver sensitive responsiveness and psychological stimulation (incorporating social and cognitive stimulation) were positively associated with concurrent parent-reported infant play and leisure, lending support for ecological validity. This first study in a South Asian context demonstrates a partial replication of previous CII studies. Early pre-emptive interventions targeting caregiver-infant interaction are recommended for Indian families to enhance infant exposure to responsive and stimulating social interactions. The strength of findings is understood in the context of utilising caregiver self-recorded CII, the sample size and broad age range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48222,"journal":{"name":"Infant Behavior & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}