International Journal of Surgery Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Retroperitoneal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor treated with laparotomy approach: A case report","authors":"Intan Andaru ,&nbsp;Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ,&nbsp;Karinda Triharyu Caesari Putri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are sporadic neoplasms that present significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in retroperitoneal locations. While these aggressive tumors most commonly occur in the head, neck, and upper extremities, retroperitoneal cases represent a mere 1 % of all instances. This case study examines a specific instance of retroperitoneal MPNST diagnosed and treated through laparotomy, with the primary objective of enhancing medical professionals' understanding of this uncommon tumor's diagnostic complexities, treatment approaches, and potential prognostic implications. By highlighting such a rare clinical scenario, the research seeks to raise awareness among clinicians about the nuanced considerations required when encountering these challenging and infrequent malignancies in unusual anatomical regions.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>During a medical investigation of abdominal pain in a 44-year-old female patient, advanced imaging revealed a complex mass located in the left adrenal gland. Computed tomography scans demonstrated significant anatomical involvement, with the tumor compressing adjacent structures, including the pancreas and spleen superiorly, the left kidney and renal vasculature inferiorly, and positioned adjacent to the abdominal aorta. Surgical intervention was undertaken with the objective of complete tumor removal, successfully achieving unambiguous surgical margins. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an MPNST, providing critical insights into the nature of the patient's complex medical condition.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>MPNST represents a complex and challenging neoplasm characterized by its highly invasive and rapidly progressing nature, originating from neural tissue. The diagnostic process for MPNST is intricate, primarily due to the absence of definitive histological criteria and a distinctive immune profile. Critical diagnostic challenges emerge from the significant morphological similarities between MPNST and other tumors, such as fibrosarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. In this specific case, pathological anatomy initially suggested a liposarcoma lesion; however, immunohistochemistry testing revealed a negative Desmin result, effectively eliminating the liposarcoma diagnosis and underscoring the nuanced complexity of accurate tumor classification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case report highlights the diagnostic difficulty in identifying divergent differentiation in sarcomas, using MPNST and liposarcoma as examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 110998"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in diagnosis and management of xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis: A rare case","authors":"Mahalakshmi Gaddi ,&nbsp;Sahana Surpur ,&nbsp;Vidya Kamat ,&nbsp;Zoha Khan ,&nbsp;Mayur Wanjari ,&nbsp;Gaurav Mittal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div>Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract is a rare condition involving ovarian tubes characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of pelvic organs, often mimicking pelvic malignancy.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 37-year-old female with a history of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and treated pulmonary tuberculosis, presented with lower abdominal fullness, pain, and irregular menstrual cycles.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>Radiological investigations revealed a significant left adnexal mass, suggesting a tubo-ovarian abscess or neoplastic lesion. Staging laparotomy was performed, and intraoperatively, the mass was found adherent to surrounding organs. A frozen section analysis indicated a benign lesion and a hysterectomy was deferred. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatosis salpingo-oophoritis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case underscores the importance of considering rare inflammatory conditions in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses. It highlights the challenges in management, including the risk of extensive surgeries leading to infertility. Thorough investigation and accurate diagnosis are crucial for appropriate management and to minimize unnecessary interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear cell hidradenoma of the male breast: A case report and literature review","authors":"Guihua Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Ma ,&nbsp;Wenbing Wei ,&nbsp;Wanqi Yao ,&nbsp;Fei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Clear cell hidradenoma (CCH) is a rare type of benign breast tumor that may undergo malignant transformation in a few cases. It clinically manifests as a painless breast mass, and may include nipple discharge. Complete surgical excision with adequate safety margins is the primary treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Presentation of case</h3><div>A 34-year-old man developed a mass beneath the left nipple over 2 years. Although the mass was painless, it gradually enlarged over time and was accompanied by nipple discharge. Complete excision of the mass revealed that the tumor cells were arranged in solid nodule-like structures composed of clear cells and few cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Based on the results of immunohistochemical staining and <em>MAML2</em> rearrangement analysis, a pathological diagnosis of breast CCH was made. The patient was followed up postoperatively for six months, during which there was no recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Breast CCH differentiates from low-grade mucoepidermoid, glycogen-rich, and lipid-rich breast carcinomas. A more comprehensive understanding of breast CCH can aid pathologists in avoiding misdiagnoses during fine-needle aspiration biopsy and intraoperative frozen section diagnosis. Diagnostic clues for CCH include: (1) the presence of two types of cell morphology in the tumor, (2) immunohistochemical staining indicating p63 positivity, (3) negativity for myoepithelial markers, and (4) <em>MAML2</em> gene rearrangement in certain cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The case we reported occurred in a male patient with MAML2 gene rearrangement, which is extremely rare. Complete surgical excision with adequate safety margins is the primary treatment method for breast CCH, and close postoperative follow-up should be conducted to monitor disease recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous true brachial artery aneurysm: A case report from Somalia","authors":"Abdijalil Abdullahi Ali ,&nbsp;Abdinafic Mohamud Hussein ,&nbsp;Hassan Kalif Abdi ,&nbsp;Ali Abdulkadir Ali Siyad ,&nbsp;Ali Mohamed Warsame Keilie ,&nbsp;Fatima Mohamud Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div>True brachial artery aneurysms are rather uncommon, due to their number of etiological factors. Besides inducing symptoms such as hand or digit ischemia, they may present as pulsative tumefactions and cause pain or paresthesias through nerve impingement. The diagnosis is based on duplex ultrasonography, CTA in the operational planning phase, and a physical examination.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 28 year old female patient was attending our center with pain and swelling of the left arm because of a brachial artery aneurysm. The patient underwent successful excision of the aneurysmal sac followed by brachial artery reconstruction with a prosthetic graft.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>Brachial artery aneurysms are defined as dilation greater than 50 % of the normal diameter. The pathophysiologic mechanism of brachial artery aneurysms involves local hemodynamic factors such as increased flow that lead to endothelial production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, resulting in upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase production and damage to the arterial wall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is some evidence linking the creation of an AVF with the occurrence of BAA. Immunosuppression might also add to the charter of risk factors leading to aneurysmal events. Surgical repair is generally the method of choice although in selected cases, the endovascular approach may be employed. When an autologous vein is not available, the use of a synthetic graft may be a reasonable option when performing artery reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric outlet obstruction in an 11-year-old girl due to a pyloric diaphragm – A case report and a systematic literature review","authors":"Omran Janoud,&nbsp;Talal Abou Moughdib,&nbsp;Majd Hamed Nasser,&nbsp;Obaida Abo Fakher,&nbsp;Rani Saab,&nbsp;Houssain AL-Halabi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Congenital pyloric web or diaphragm are rare causes of Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO) after infancy, representing approximately 1 % of gastrointestinal obstructions. While it typically presents in the neonatal period with nonbilious vomiting, delayed diagnosis beyond infancy is exceptionally rare.</div></div><div><h3>Presentation of the case</h3><div>An 11-year-old girl with presented with one-month history of postprandial vomiting. Her medical history was unremarkable and clinical examination and laboratory investigations were normal. A barium meal X-ray revealed narrowing at the gastric outlet. Endoscopy showed severe pyloric narrowing with undigested food in the stomach. Due to the severity of the stenosis, the endoscope could not traverse and surgical intervention was required.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Pyloric webs and diaphragms are considered rare causes of congenital GOO. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires an upper contrast study or endoscopy. Gastric outlet obstruction can manifest with various symptoms. The clinical onset varies depending on the underlying cause. We conducted a systematic literature review of all case reports and series focused on GOO patients over 10 years old due to webs or diaphragms. The review reveals that symptoms are varied and may persist for years before diagnosis due to the rarity of these anomalies and their nonspecific presentations. This review highlights the importance of follow-up period after treatment due to the risk of recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case emphasizes the importance of conducting endoscopy or abdominal X-rays with barium meals in evaluating persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in female patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare massive thoracic metastasis of endometrial cancer: Chest wall demolition and reconstruction. A case report","authors":"Antonio Burlone,&nbsp;Simone Tombelli,&nbsp;Domenico Viggiano,&nbsp;Sara Borgianni,&nbsp;Alessandro Gonfiotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Distant recurrences are a major problem after surgical treatment for endometrial carcinoma; metastases to the bone are usually restricted to the axial skeleton, cases of costal localization are few. We present a case of a massive costal metastases successfully treated in our department.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 60-year-old woman underwent bilateral hysteroannessectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma pT3a FIGO IIIA. Follow-up was uneventful until an occasional chest x-ray was made: a lesion of 7,5 × 5,4 × 5,6 cm in dimension was found at the left sixth rib, compatible with endometrial origin after biopsy. Despite chemo and radiotherapy the lesion incremented in size showing no response to treatment: 20 × 22 × 22 cm. Once she came to our attention, surgical treatment was planned after multidisciplinary discussion: we performed a left ribs V-IX en-block resection with the mass. We restored the chest wall using a biological prothesis in association with 3 titanium rib bars. The chest wall defect was covered with a myocutaneous flap (latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and obliquus externus).</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>bone metastases from endometrial carcinoma are reported with a mean diameter of 5 cm; in our report the huge lesion represents a high-risk scenario for post-operative complications. In this setting surgical resection with complex multimodality reconstruction is needed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case is characterised by the rare localization and giant dimension of an endometrial metastasis. This report aims to describe the decision-making process, the successful demolition and reconstruction of the chest wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic appendectomy secondary to afebrile acute perforated appendicitis mimicking threatened abortion in first trimester pregnancy in Tanzania: A case report","authors":"Harold L. Mashauri ,&nbsp;Kasimu B. Ndyamukama ,&nbsp;Alfred G. Nyamwihula ,&nbsp;Anthony M. Mapande","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Appendicitis in pregnancy is the most common non-obstetric surgical condition which requires urgent evaluation and immediate intervention in a multidisciplinary approach. Pregnancy anatomical and physiological changes can mask the presentation of appendicitis and poses both diagnostic and management challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 32 year old female, G3P2L2 at gestation age of 11 weeks by USS, presented with recurrent episodes of acute abdominal pain for one day, afebrile but accompanied with poor appetite, nausea and vomiting along episodes of per vaginal spotting which started three days prior. She was initially diagnosed and treated as a threatened abortion case with no improvement of symptoms. Abdominal pain was refractory to analgesics. Abdominal pelvic USS was done twice and revealed no features of appendicitis while obstetric USS was unremarkable. Clinical examination revealed an Alvarado score of 7. A diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed acute perforated appendicitis and she underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with uneventful post-operative recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Acute appendicitis is challenging to diagnose and manage during pregnancy due to symptoms overlapping with maternal physiological and anatomical changes along with obstetric presentations like threatened abortion. Appendicitis scoring systems like the Alvarado score are still reliable diagnostic tools even during pregnancy while the use of preferred imaging like USS is more limited secondary to gravid uterus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All pregnant women with acute abdomen pain and suspecting features of acute appendicitis should be screened thoroughly for the condition. Diagnostic laparoscopy is useful and friendly in diagnosis and management in pregnancy. Multidisciplinary approach in evaluating and managing such cases in pregnancy is of high clinical benefits for maternal-fetal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large type IV-A choledochal cyst mimicking hydatid cyst of the liver: A case report","authors":"Fitsum A. Gemechu ,&nbsp;Michael A. Negussie ,&nbsp;Messay Gebrekidan ,&nbsp;Biruk Zenebe Bekele ,&nbsp;Elsa Wolde Mamo ,&nbsp;Shimelis Nigussie Gebremariam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the bile ducts, with adult presentations being uncommon. This case is notable for its atypical presentation in a young adult, mimicking a hydatid cyst in a region where echinococcosis is endemic.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 22-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of progressive jaundice, accompanied by 5 months of epigastric and right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, pale stools, pruritus, and significant weight loss. She reported a prior admission for cholangitis, treated with antibiotics. Examination revealed stable vital signs, icteric sclerae, right upper quadrant tenderness, and scratch marks on the skin. Laboratory investigations showed elevated liver enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin = 26 mg/dL, direct bilirubin = 20.5 mg/dL). Initial imaging studies, including ultrasound and CT, suggested a hydatid cyst of the liver. However, MRCP revealed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, consistent with a Type IV-A choledochal cyst. The patient underwent cholecystectomy, extrahepatic bile duct excision, and Roux-en-Y cysto-jejunostomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis without evidence of malignancy. She recovered uneventfully, with no complications reported during a 6-month follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in differentiating choledochal cysts from hydatid cysts, particularly in endemic regions. The use of MRCP was pivotal in achieving an accurate diagnosis and guiding definitive management. Early surgical intervention minimized the risks of complications and malignancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Type IV-A choledochal cysts can present atypically, mimicking hydatid cysts. Advanced imaging, especially MRCP, is critical for accurate diagnosis and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of the second cavernous lymphangioma in the tongue globally: A case report","authors":"Eiad Khouri,&nbsp;Jafar Hamdy,&nbsp;Mohammad Alsheekh Kadour","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div>Oral Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor that arises from the lymphatic vessels in oral cavity. It is a development defect in the lymphatic system, which is less common than other types of vascular anomalies, and the incidence in the general population is very low, especially in the oral cavity. It typically presents as soft, painless swelling, often found on the tongue, lips or floor or the mouth. The lesions can vary in size and may have a translucent appearance, sometimes resembling a cyst.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 13-year-old male complaint of congenital diffuse, painless swelling of the lateral side of the tongue. The swelling was soft and compressible and involved half of the tongue. Incisional biopsy from the lesion can confirm the diagnosis by showing dilated lymphatic vessels histologically.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>Oral lymphangioma is a rare tumor found in the oral cavity, occurring at various sites but most commonly on the tongue. This often leads to macroglossia, presenting as a compressible, painless swelling that typically necessitates surgical excision when it causes functional issues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Oral lymphangioma generally has a good prognosis, especially when treated appropriately. However, they can recur if not completely excised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinoma in a male accessory breast; Case report with literature review","authors":"Ahmed A. Almass ,&nbsp;Mariyah E. Alzayer ,&nbsp;Hussam J. Alsafwani ,&nbsp;Alaa A. Salim ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Duhileb","doi":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.110949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div>Accessory breast is a rare condition where regression of the mammary ridge fails. This ectopic breast can function as the same pectoral breast and respond to hormonal effects. Furthermore, in rare cases, it can develop into malignancy. A malignant accessory breast is very rare, especially in male patients. Although it had first been reported in a male in 1957, there were only a few reported cases following that with no sufficient epidemiological data.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 60-year-old male with right axilla swelling is thought to be a benign lesion for excision. However, histopathology study of the specimen showed malignant cells, and a diagnosis of metastasis has been made and referred to our hospital. We did a full staging workup and eventually diagnosed him with primary accessory breast carcinoma, cT1N0M0.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>Diagnosis of male accessory breast cancer is challenging. Patients usually present with painless swelling. As it is very rare, the possibility of metastasis needs to be ruled out before the diagnosis is made. No current diagnostic and treatment guidelines for accessory breast cancer, and in current practice physicians follow the guidelines of regular breast cancer. Another difficulty with this disease is the estimation of its prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although accessory breast cancer is rare, it can be seen even in males. In patients with a lesion alongside the milk line, accessory breast cancer should be on the differentials list. Further studies regarding epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment plan, and prognosis of the disease need to be carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery Case Reports","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 110949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}