{"title":"How customer incivility reduces employees’ compassionate service behaviors: the exacerbating role of leader–member exchange","authors":"Huy Gip,Richard Currie,Wen Chang","doi":"10.1108/josm-05-2025-0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-05-2025-0238","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Grounded in uncertainty reduction theory and conservation of resources theory, this study investigates the relationship between customer incivility and compassionate service behavior among frontline employees. In particular, it examines whether workplace uncertainty mediates this relationship and whether, and to what extent, leader–member exchange (LMX) amplifies the negative effect of workplace uncertainty on compassionate service behavior, thereby moderating the indirect effect of customer incivility on compassionate service behavior through workplace uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a four-wave, time-lagged survey design using a sample of 316 customer-facing service employees in the United States, recruited through Prolific. The hypothesized moderated mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro in IBM SPSS. Findings Results indicated a significant negative indirect effect of customer incivility on compassionate service behavior through workplace uncertainty. Furthermore, both the relationship between workplace uncertainty and compassionate service behavior as well as the indirect relationship between customer incivility and compassionate service behavior through workplace uncertainty were stronger for employees who reported higher LMX compared to those with weaker LMX. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on the consequences of customer incivility by uncovering workplace uncertainty as a key mediating mechanism. It also challenges the conventional view of LMX as uniformly beneficial, showing that, under conditions of heightened uncertainty, employees in high-quality LMX relationships may experience stronger constraints on compassionate service behavior because uncertainty represents a greater disruption to their typical experience of relational clarity and predictability.","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"271-292"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversed conspicuousness: turning conspicuousness upside-down in luxury brands' extended services","authors":"Jonas Holmqvist,Jochen Wirtz,Domenic Winfrey","doi":"10.1108/josm-07-2026-0546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2026-0546","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Conspicuousness is a core concept in luxury but has hitherto been studied primarily as a signal of underlying exclusivity and quality for luxury goods. This article introduces reversed conspicuousness in extended luxury services, a process through which conspicuousness can cease to signal exclusivity and quality and instead becomes a substitute for them. Design/methodology/approach We triangulate the findings of an ethnographic study combining 33 on-site observations, a netnography of 26 sites, and 11 accompanied visits and interviews with luxury consumers of luxury brands' extended services. Findings Our findings show how conspicuousness becomes the core offering in extended services whereby an ostentatious service experience is shaped by social media, but often at the expense of exclusivity and service quality. We further identify that when conspicuousness is perceived as compensatory rather than rooted in luxury, consumers view the service as inconsistent with the luxury brand. Practical implications We identify that extended services relying on reversed conspicuousness constitute a risk for luxury brands whereby such service extensions may weaken luxury consumers' perceptions of the overall luxury brand behind the extended service. Originality/value This article extends the luxury service literature by introducing the concept of reversed conspicuousness, showing how conspicuousness shifts from signaling luxury characteristics to substituting for them in luxury brands' extended services.","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering affordances for mutualistic value co-creation between humans and nonhuman actors: the ecocentric service ecosystems framework","authors":"Mayara Emilia Barbosa Souza,Jorge Grenha Teixeira,Abílio Pereira Pacheco,Lia Patricio,João Claro,Raymond P. Fisk","doi":"10.1108/josm-11-2025-0630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2025-0630","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aims to develop an ecocentric perspective of service ecosystems by building on affordance theory to understand value co-creation among human and nonhuman actors and how their interactions can foster ecosystem well-being. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a qualitative approach based on the Gioia Methodology, involving 67 interviews with actors (forest and agricultural landowners, NGOs, industry, and academia representatives) related to a forest service ecosystem. Findings Study results enabled the uncovering of forest ecosystem-related affordances, revealing latent possibilities for action that enable value co-creation interactions between human and nonhuman actors, and their valence for each actor. By exploring the valence from interactions between actors, this research identifies whether these interactions are parasitic or mutualistic and systematizes four potential service ecosystem trajectories over time: thriving, recovery, decline and collapse. Originality/value Building upon study results, an Ecocentric Service Ecosystem Framework, where human and nonhuman actors are considered equal, is proposed. Using the Affordance Theory lens, this framework seeks to identify and promote mutualistic interactions between human and nonhuman actors.","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Value co-creation: capturing the causal complexity of organizational capabilities","authors":"Mikèle Landry,Olivier Furrer","doi":"10.1108/josm-05-2025-0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-05-2025-0229","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Service firms have the crucial responsibility of enabling value co-creation for their own and their customers' benefit. Therefore, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how the organizational capabilities instilled in service interactions relate to the co-created value outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in configurational theory, organizational capabilities and value co-creation literature, this study aims to explain the complex relationships between interactional capabilities – a specific type of organizational capability that supports service interactions and contributes to a higher-level value co-creation capability – and key relational co-created value outcomes in two high-interaction service contexts. Relying on the service-dominant orientation model (SDO), the authors combine partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS) analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings The PLS-SEM results establish the higher-level value co-creation capability construct and its positive relationship with the value outcomes. The FIMIX-PLS results indicate unobserved heterogeneity in the structural model, suggesting equifinality. The fsQCA results reveal how interactional capabilities, at a lower level, assemble in various configurations, resulting in both value co-creation and value no-creation. Originality/value Offering substantial theoretical and empirical reasoning with practical implications for service management, this study demonstrates how conjunction, equifinality and causal asymmetry characterize the relationships between interactional capabilities and value outcomes. In doing so, the paper expands knowledge about the value co-creation process in relation to value realization. The results also contribute to a more detailed understanding of the concept of value no-creation, as the absence of value realization.","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"533-559"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating digital servitization in manufacturing SMEs through value propositions","authors":"Bjørn Ronny Vien,Bård Tronvoll,Rolf Findsrud","doi":"10.1108/josm-07-2024-0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2024-0292","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand how manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can navigate digital servitization to cocreate value propositions. Design/methodology/approach The present exploratory study interviewed managers from 18 manufacturing SMEs holding managerial positions. The analysis started with a Gioia-inspired approach consisting of first establishing inductive first-order in vivo codes, followed by an abductive coding process based on current literature about cocreating value propositions. Findings The study identified three dimensions of digital servitization that manufacturing SMEs must undergo to transition to digital servitization and create value: (1) value-driven digitalization, (2) workforce-driven digitalization and (3) collaborative-driven digitalization. In these dimensions, entangled drivers and challenges related to customer demand, investments, employees and service platform providers must be addressed. A conceptual framework was developed for how manufacturing SMEs can navigate digital servitization and create value propositions. Research limitations/implications This study's manager-focused interviews may limit insights from an employee perspective. As employees play crucial roles as drivers and challenges in digital servitization, future research should incorporate employee interviews to gain a holistic understanding. While interviews within 18 manufacturing SMEs provide a broader perspective on navigating digital servitization to provide value propositions, they lack the depth that a single case study could offer. Originality/value This research advances the literature by offering insights into how manufacturing SMEs can use value propositions to navigate the three dimensions of digital servitization, including its drivers and challenges.","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"511-532"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontline employee competencies for technologically complex service environments: a conceptual model of mindfulness orientation","authors":"Junyi (Amy) Xie, Olamide Olajuwon-Ige, Chatura Ranaweera, Seonjeong (Ally) Lee, Vishakha Kumari","doi":"10.1108/josm-07-2024-0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2024-0309","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Technological innovations are rapidly transforming service frontlines, resulting in increasingly complex service touchpoints. These touchpoints place greater demands on frontline employees (FLEs) to deliver a positive customer experience. Despite the considerable extant body of knowledge on FLE competencies, the literature on frameworks for managing the complexity of contemporary frontlines from the FLE’s perspective is sparse. This paper aims to fill this critical gap by developing a framework that enables FLEs to deliver positive moments of truth (MOTs) while ensuring the well-being of all actors involved.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper uses a conceptual approach rooted in the organizational mindfulness and individual mindfulness literature as the theoretical lens. This is complemented by a comprehensive review of the FLE skills literature supported by marketplace examples to illustrate the optimal use of the said skills.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>This paper proposes a conceptual framework of mindfulness orientation which delineates how FLE competencies underpinned by a set of key skills can deliver positive MOTs and actor well-being.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The research is conceptual in nature and does not contain validation through empirical data.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>This comprehensive skill set provides a clear roadmap for firms in both recruitment and developing training for their FLEs, thus contributing to practice.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Firstly, we present a conceptual framework of mindfulness, combining organizational mindfulness and individual mindfulness that will enable employees to help facilitate the creation of positive MOTs. Secondly, we develop a comprehensive set of employee skills that underpin the mindfulness orientation framework.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"1 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Leiño Calleja, Jeroen Schepers, Edwin J. Nijssen
{"title":"Hybrid human–robot teams in the frontline: automated social presence and the role of corrective interrogation","authors":"David Leiño Calleja, Jeroen Schepers, Edwin J. Nijssen","doi":"10.1108/josm-11-2023-0470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2023-0470","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Customer perceptions toward hybrid human–robot teams remain largely unexplored. We focus on the impact of frontline robots’ (FLRs) automated social presence (ASP) on customers’ perceived teamwork quality, and ultimately frontline employees’ (FLEs) competence and warmth. We explore the role of interrogation as a relevant contingency. We complement the customer view with insights into the FLEs’ viewpoint.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>We manipulate FLR’s ASP cues (speech and identity) in a hybrid team in four business-to-consumer (B2C) video-based experiments and collect data from online participants. We combine these with one business-to-business (B2B) field survey which collected data from FLEs working in hybrid teams.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>When FLR’s ASP increases, customers more positively evaluate teamwork quality, ultimately affecting FLEs’ competence and warmth. FLEs who correct (interrogate) robotic mistakes strengthen the positive effect of FLRs’ ASP on teamwork quality. When FLRs correct FLEs, ASP’s effect on teamwork quality is also strengthened, while FLEs are not “punished” for erring. In contrast, FLEs themselves do perceive corrections as detrimental to teamwork quality. We term this the hybrid team evaluation paradox.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>We recommend that firms deploy hybrid teams equipped with high-ASP FLRs (name and speech suffice). FLEs should be trained, and FLRs programmed, to appropriately use interrogation. Managers should pay attention to the paradox, given the conflicting perceptions toward interrogative behaviors.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>We advance the hybrid teams literature by drawing on ASP, social cognition and collective mindfulness theories and behaviors that ameliorate customer perceptions. Our results support using FLRs to enhance FLEs’ capabilities.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interplay of provider and customer factors for servitization success: a transaction cost theory approach","authors":"Eva Lexutt","doi":"10.1108/josm-07-2023-0286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2023-0286","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study examine how provider- and customer-related factors interact to influence servitization success. It adopts the transaction cost theory along with a configurational approach and hypothesizes that different configurations of five key conditions—service offering, specific investments, perceived customer opportunism, willingness for integration and demand uncertainty—can lead to servitization success or failure.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The study applies fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to a sample of 143 German manufacturers, addressing the complex causalities involved in servitization success.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The analysis identifies six sufficient configurations for servitization success and five for servitization failure. The findings reveal that servitization can succeed through various types of service offerings. While opportunism does not hinder success, the decision to offer an extensive service portfolio is influenced by anticipated opportunism and complex customer needs. Specific investments function primarily as drivers for success, particularly when combined with a limited service offering and complex customer needs. However, these investments can increase transaction costs when linked to an extensive service portfolio. Though not essential, customer integration emerges as a relevant success factor, acting as a safeguard against opportunism.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Servitization can be successful even with opportunism. Developing methods to assess customers’ readiness for integration can mitigate opportunistic behavior and foster successful servitization.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study advances servitization research by addressing the often-overlooked interplay between provider- and customer-related factors. Applying the transaction cost theory and a cutting-edge fsQCA, it contributes to the theoretical and methodological plurality of the field.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boundary-breaking opportunities in service failure and recovery","authors":"Jeeshan Mirza, Yany Grégoire, Chatura Ranaweera, Chau Minh Nguyen","doi":"10.1108/josm-12-2023-0533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-12-2023-0533","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The service failure and recovery (SFR) research field has reached its maturity stage and is now at a critical juncture. There are growing calls for fresh perspectives and innovative approaches in SFR research to ensure its continued relevance and growth. The purpose of this paper is to identify boundary-breaking opportunities in SFR research by fundamentally challenging some of the central assumptions of the field.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper employs a unique “review of reviews” methodology to synthesise findings from 19 prior SFR reviews, complemented by an in-depth analysis of 116 primary articles published in the past five years.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>This paper makes several contributions. First, it identifies and critically evaluates the central underlying assumptions of SFR, highlighting their inherent limitations in light of emerging conceptual and substantive developments. Second, it offers alternative perspectives that reframe these assumptions and open up new avenues for research. Third, within each alternative perspective, we propose specific research ideas that can benefit from further exploration. To develop the ideas, we build on recent conflicts and negative events in the marketplace. Our review of reviews approach also enables us to track how frequently such ideas have been proposed in prior reviews. Finally, the paper briefly discusses some methodological considerations for conducting more impactful research.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper leverages insights from prior SFR literature reviews and recent research and steeps into real-world marketing issues to challenge the central assumptions of the field and recommend future research avenues.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chelsea Phillips, Gaby Odekerken-Schröder, Rebekah Russell-Bennett, Mark Steins, Dominik Mahr, Kate Letheren
{"title":"Service robot–employee task allocation strategies: well-being within the intrusion challenge","authors":"Chelsea Phillips, Gaby Odekerken-Schröder, Rebekah Russell-Bennett, Mark Steins, Dominik Mahr, Kate Letheren","doi":"10.1108/josm-11-2023-0466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2023-0466","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Previous research has not considered the impact on human frontline employees (FLEs) of altered employee–customer relationships in the presence of a service robot (i.e. an intrusion challenge), nor how FLEs may respond. The purpose of this study is to explore the task allocation strategies by human frontline employees’ (FLE) work well-being responses within the intrusion challenge.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This study employs a mixed-method approach, whereby an in-depth qualitative study (Study 1, <em>n</em> = 15) is followed by a quantitative field study (Study 2, <em>n</em> = 81).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Results indicate that FLEs experience the intrusion challenge, impacting social, purpose, physical and community well-being. Study 1 reveals that while service robots trigger this challenge, FLEs use them for task allocation to maintain their initial work well-being state. Study 2 shows that using robots instead of colleagues positively affects FLE work well-being.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Service robots, as a task allocation strategy by FLEs, can be used to empower FLEs by assisting them to preserve their work well-being within the intrusion challenge.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study is one of the first to involve FLEs from a live service robot site, where data is based on personal lived experiences rather than anticipated experiences. This is the first study to investigate how FLEs respond to the intrusion challenge.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":48089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Service Management","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}