European Journal of International Relations最新文献_第9页

Combat, commitment, and the termination of Africa’s mutual interventions 战斗、承诺和终止非洲的相互干预

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/13540661221112612

Henning Tamm, Allard Duursma

{"title":"Combat, commitment, and the termination of Africa’s mutual interventions","authors":"Henning Tamm, Allard Duursma","doi":"10.1177/13540661221112612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221112612","url":null,"abstract":"African states fight each other far more often by simultaneously supporting rebels in each other’s intrastate conflicts than by engaging in direct warfare. While nearly half of these mutual interventions between 1960 and 2010 were resolved via bilateral negotiated settlements, the majority of cases ended due to events in, or actions by, only one of the two states. What explains this variation? We argue that different combinations of combat outcomes in the two intrastate conflicts determine the severity of interstate commitment concerns and, therefore, the likelihood of a successful settlement. Specifically, we hypothesize that commitment problems are likely to be overcome only when both states experience stalemates or successes in their battles with rebels. By contrast, if both states suffer combat defeats, major commitment concerns on both sides make a settlement very unlikely. Finally, a combination of defeats and stalemates or successes also makes a settlement unlikely, as the state with the upper hand is likely both unwilling and unable to commit credibly to a settlement. We use several cases to illustrate our theory and then demonstrate how its causal mechanism works by leveraging within-case variation from the Chad–Sudan mutual intervention. We show that the two states reached a settlement only once both were winning at home while their rebel clients were losing abroad. Three alternative explanations—third-party threats, pressure, and security guarantees—cannot explain the settlement. Overall, our study extends bargaining theory to a new empirical domain and contributes to theorizing how its information and commitment logics interact.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"29 1","pages":"3 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

QUR'ANIC TRANSLATION IN THE FRAME OF COMMUNICATION (An Evaluative Study of the Translation of Message Terms in the Qur'anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia) 交际框架下的《古兰经》翻译(印尼共和国宗教事务部《古兰经》译文中信息术语翻译评析)

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.47604/jir.1594

Amrullah Amrullah

{"title":"QUR'ANIC TRANSLATION IN THE FRAME OF COMMUNICATION (An Evaluative Study of the Translation of Message Terms in the Qur'anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia)","authors":"Amrullah Amrullah","doi":"10.47604/jir.1594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jir.1594","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper critically examines the translation of message terms in Qur’anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Republic of Indonesia. \u0000Methodology: The writers analyzed the case through three steps. The first step, is analyzing the context. The context covers people who involved in the process of communication; communicator, communicant, and communication environment. The second step, is analyzing key word of communication, especially to look for its derivation and its denotative meaning. The third step, is determining the indicators of key word. Finally, is exploring the implication of indicator in communication activities. \u0000Result: The study result shows that some translations of the terms are difficult to understand due to illogical use of Indonesian language. Moreover, some translations of the term do not refer the context of the verse. In addition, some translations of the term are overlapped. These translations do not reflect Qur’an-based communication and eventually do not support the integration of religion and science. \u0000Recommendation: New translation based on a good Indonesian language, context of verse and refers to communication studies will produce a better understanding of Qur’anic verses of communication. Moreover, it is recommended to use translations of key words that writers offer in this paper as an alternative. In addition, giving footnote for key words is another alternative that should be considered by translator team.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75522569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tawba Al-Khafaji : His Political Confrontations & Invasion During the Umayyad Era Tawba Al-Khafaji:他在倭马亚时代的政治对抗与入侵

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.47604/jir.1591

Khudir Abdul Ridha Jasim

引用次数: 0

Hierarchy, revisionism, and subordinate actors: The TPNW and the subversion of the nuclear order 等级制度、修正主义和从属行为者:TPNW和对核秩序的颠覆

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/13540661221112611

Naomi Egel, S. Ward

{"title":"Hierarchy, revisionism, and subordinate actors: The TPNW and the subversion of the nuclear order","authors":"Naomi Egel, S. Ward","doi":"10.1177/13540661221112611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221112611","url":null,"abstract":"Why and how do weak states challenge the status quo? This article builds on analyses of hierarchy in International Relations to develop a more comprehensive and inclusive understanding of the concept of revisionism. We argue that while weak actors cannot generally directly challenge their position in a stratified hierarchy, they may be able to undermine or subvert the discourses that constitute these hierarchies. This approach is likely to be attractive and feasible under two conditions: when other approaches to reform have been frustrated, and when social and political resources are available to facilitate such subversive challenges. We illustrate this argument by analyzing the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons as a subversive revisionist project. Small states—frustrated by their inability to negotiate meaningful reform through the status quo framework—partnered with civil society and drew upon discursive resources developed during prior subversive revisionist projects in an effort to stigmatize nuclear weapons and subvert the discourses constituting the advantaged positions of those possessing them. While the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is unlikely to directly persuade nuclear weapon states to abandon their arsenals, it could have unpredictable consequences across a related range of hierarchic fields that constitute the status quo order.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"28 1","pages":"751 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65438337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Beyond ethnicity: historical states and modern conflict 超越种族：历史国家与现代冲突

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-10 DOI: 10.1177/13540661221106911

M. Wishman, Charles Butcher

{"title":"Beyond ethnicity: historical states and modern conflict","authors":"M. Wishman, Charles Butcher","doi":"10.1177/13540661221106911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221106911","url":null,"abstract":"Historical states, be they sprawling empires or nominal vassal states, can make lasting impressions on the territories they once governed. We argue that more historical states located within the borders of modern states increase the chance of civil conflict because they (1) created networks useful for insurgency, (2) were symbols of past sovereignty, (3) generated modern ethnic groups that activated dynamics of ethnic inclusion and exclusion, and (4) resisted western colonialism. Using new global data on historical statehood, we find a robust positive association between more historical states inside a modern state and the rate of civil conflict onset between 1946 and 2019. This relationship is not driven by common explanations of state formation that also drive conflict such as the number of ethnic groups, population density, colonialism, levels of historical warfare, or other region-specific factors. We also find that historical states are more likely to be conflict inducing when they are located far from the capital and in poorer countries. Our study points to unexplored channels linking past statehood to modern-day conflict that are independent of ethno-nationalist conflict and open possibilities for a new research agenda linking past statehood to modern-day conflict outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"28 1","pages":"777 - 807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46249263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What We Know About Monkeypox and What We Need to Do to Protect Ourselves! 我们对猴痘的了解以及我们需要做些什么来保护自己！

1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-08 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2022.167

Ayşegül Nalça

引用次数: 0

Meaning making in peacekeeping missions: mandate interpretation and multinational collaboration in the UN mission in Mali 维持和平特派团的意义制定:联合国马里特派团的任务解释和多国合作

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/13540661221104757

Chiara Ruffa, S. Rietjens

{"title":"Meaning making in peacekeeping missions: mandate interpretation and multinational collaboration in the UN mission in Mali","authors":"Chiara Ruffa, S. Rietjens","doi":"10.1177/13540661221104757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221104757","url":null,"abstract":"Peacekeeping helps to prevent conflict and to protect civilians. But how does it work to achieve those aims? Notwithstanding a growing recognition that peacekeeping mandates alone do not directly determine what actually happens in the field, we still know little about how—once deployed—military units translate an ambiguous mandate into action. In this paper, we focus on one dimension of peacekeepers’ behavior that has become increasingly important, namely, how peacekeepers relate to other military units with whom they are supposed to implement their mandate. We systematically document how mandate interpretations emerge and how they influence peacekeepers’ understanding of other troops they work with. Central to this is peacekeepers’ meaning making, a concept we borrow from the sociological literature, which refers to the common and human process through which individuals give meaning to their surrounding context. Drawing on nearly 120 interviews with peacekeepers deployed to the United Nations (UN) mission in Mali (2014–2019), we identify three different ways by which peacekeepers interpret their mandate and interact with other contingents: Voltaire’s garden; building bridges; and othering. Acknowledging peacekeepers’ agency and the social dimension of peacekeeping has important implications for both scholarly and policy debates.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"29 1","pages":"53 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Blended Diplomacy: The Entanglement and Contestation of Digital Technologies in Everyday Diplomatic Practice 混合外交:数字技术在日常外交实践中的纠缠与争论

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/13540661221107837

Rebecca Adler-Nissen, K. Eggeling

{"title":"Blended Diplomacy: The Entanglement and Contestation of Digital Technologies in Everyday Diplomatic Practice","authors":"Rebecca Adler-Nissen, K. Eggeling","doi":"10.1177/13540661221107837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221107837","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops a new theoretical approach to digitalisation in diplomacy, resituating conventional understandings of the relationship between diplomacy and technological transformation. Challenging the conception that ‘traditional’ diplomacy is being supplemented or challenged by new forms of ‘digital diplomacy’, we show how the ubiquity of digital devices and technologies makes disentangling analogue from digital diplomatic practices practically impossible today. The argument is developed through ethnographic observations of everyday diplomatic work in the European Union (EU) multilateral setting in Brussels as well as interviews with ambassadors, attachés, seconded diplomats, spokespersons and interpreters. To understand the place of digital technologies in diplomatic work, we develop the concept of blended diplomacy by which we mean the dual process of the entanglement of technical and social doings and the contestation regarding how this entanglement impacts professional diplomatic imaginaries and relations. Drawing on insights from practice theory and the sociology of science, technology and professions, we show how diplomatic actors demarcate their professional territory and protect their positions through boundary work. They draw horizontal boundaries between what they see as ‘real’ diplomatic work and distractions and vertical boundaries between themselves and other diplomatic actors, ranking people around status and skills. Overall, digital technologies are implicated in deeper struggles regarding what it means to be a diplomat. A focus on the blended character of diplomatic practice opens new avenues for research on how digitalisation, in contradictory and uneven ways, shapes norms, identities, and social relations and how it – through reflexivity, anxieties and contestation – may shape international politics.","PeriodicalId":48069,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of International Relations","volume":"28 1","pages":"640 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47538637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Japan-Bangladesh Relations in the Context of Free and Open Indo Pacific 自由开放的印太背景下的日孟关系

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.56312/dujir15e1n2e9

Hossain Ahmed Taufiq, Shakira Mahzabeen

引用次数: 1

Maritime Regionalism and ‘Inclusive Development’: Opportunity and Challenges before Bangladesh in Anthropocene 海洋区域主义与“包容性发展”:孟加拉国在人类世面临的机遇与挑战

IF 3.4 1区社会学

European Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.56312/dujir15e1n2e7

S. Chaturvedi

引用次数: 1