Sport Management Review最新文献

{"title":"Continuing or withdrawing from endurance sport events under environmental uncertainty: athletes’ decision-making","authors":"Qi Peng, Chunbin Liu, N. Scelles, Yuhei Inoue","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2023.2190431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2023.2190431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper seeks to answer the question: what impacts athletes’ decision-making to continue or withdraw from an endurance sport event under environmental uncertainty amid the rise of extreme weathers? Underpinned by prospect theory and the framework of risk information seeking, qualitative data were collected via 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews with amateur and professional athletes and coded using thematic analysis. Findings suggest that endurance sport athletes do consider withdrawal as an option before and during an event. The severity of weather and a lack of physical and psychological preparedness may lead to the decision of withdrawal. Additionally, different decisions can be made under an interplay between weather conditions and physical and psychological status. Event organisers, family, friends and fellow participants may also influence athletes’ decision-making. Finally, based on personal goals set for an event, both risk-seeking (continue) and risk-aversion (discontinue) behaviours may occur when facing the same environmental uncertainty. The paper calls attention to protecting athletes’ wellbeing by undertaking timely withdrawals under environmental uncertainty. By highlighting the vulnerability of endurance sport athletes to environmental uncertainty, this study encourages event organisers to evidence their ability to face environmental uncertainty and enhance/preserve their reputation in event risk management. HIGHLIGHTS This paper illustrates endurance athletes’ decision to withdraw from events. Crucial factors impacting athletes’ decision-making process under environmental uncertainty are identified. The study calls for timely withdrawal under environmental uncertainty to protect athletes’ health and wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal and spatial relationships between professional sport events and reported vehicular crashes: an analysis of Cleveland, Ohio","authors":"Gidon S. Jakar, Kiernan O. Gordon, Qian He","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2163074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2163074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Road safety is one of the world’s greatest public health challenges, with more than 3,500 deaths on the roads each day and estimated 50 million injuries annually (World Health Organization, 2021). This study explores the relationship between professional sporting events and vehicular crashes by examining crash data, game times, and venues using longitudinal data from Cleveland, Ohio (2017–2019). We employ two multivariate modeling analyses and spatial statistical techniques to examine the extent to which sporting events are related to car crashes before, during, and after events and the spatial relationship between where the venues are located and the number of crashes. The temporal analyses (n = 28,260) show that crashes with damage reported a significant increase, particularly after the more attended NFL games. Meanwhile, a spatial analysis (n=741) shows that the location of the sports venue also demonstrates associations with the number of crashes, while the significance varies across spatial distances. From a scholarly perspective, our study identifies the relationship between sports events and car crashes nearby sports venues, which adds to the broader literature on vehicular crashes and society. Practically, addressing this relationship can provide a concise strategy for both the public and private sectors to reduce car crashes. HIGHLIGHTS We explore the relationship between sporting events and vehicular crashes. Crashes with damage particularly increase after NFL games nearby the stadium. We find a non-linear relationship between distances from sport venues to vehicle crash rates. Neighborhoods adjacent but not next to stadiums have higher crash rates. Findings contribute to the growing literature on the externalities of sports.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contexts shaping the development and success of elite sport systems: a scoping review","authors":"R. Ramos, Veerle De Bosscher, A. Pankowiak, C. W. Valleser","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2023.2171276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2023.2171276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The importance of contexts in analysing elite sport systems and policies, as reflected in substantial research over the past couple of decades, is considered to nurture or constrain the development and outcome of elite sport systems toward international sporting success. Theorising elite sport systems as institutions operating and embedded in an open system may provide insight into the “hows” (throughput processes) and the “whys” (conditions) of the effectiveness of sport systems and policies to determine what may work (or not work) for each country’s specific context. This scoping review aims to examine and map determinants of elite sport development in nations. Specifically, the review analysed how studies: (1) theorised the determinants, (2) used terms to denote contextual determinants for elite sport development and success and (3) described or conceptualised context. Further, the review identified context dimensions derived from the elite sport development determinants. The scoping review identified 19 studies that contain relevant contextual determinants. Findings present seven context dimensions derived from a neo-institutional organisation framework that pertain to different institutional contexts that may influence the development of elite sport policy systems. An improved conceptualisation of context may enhance our understanding of the relationship between processes (i.e., sport policy mechanisms) and contexts. HIGHLIGHTS The scoping review analysed how studies: (1) theorised the elite sport determinants; (2) used terms to denote contextual determinants for elite sport development and success; and (3) described or conceptualised context. The scoping review identified 19 studies describing determinants of the development of elite athletes and sport systems in relation to success. Findings present seven context dimensions derived from a neo-institutional organisation framework that pertains to different institutional contexts that may influence the development of elite sport policy systems. Contextual determinants in the 19 studies can be categorised into seven different context dimensions, namely: (1) belief system; (2) historical development; (3) culture; (4) dominant interest groups; (5) legal rules and structures; (6) development standards of conduct and conventions; and (7) transnational influence. Further improved conceptual clarity on contextual dimensions of elite sport systems may enhance our understanding of the interdependent relationship between mechanisms (i.e., sport policy processes) and the contexts.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why don’t more college athletes engage in activism? A multilevel analysis of barriers to activism in the hegemonic arena of intercollegiate sport","authors":"Yannick Kluch","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2023.2175493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2023.2175493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing from interviews with 31 collegiate athlete activists, the goal of this study was to identify barriers to athlete activism in the hegemonic arena of U.S. college sport. I utilize a multilevel analysis to map how activism is rendered counter-hegemonic, non-normative behavior in college sport through barriers manifesting at the macro-level (societal), meso-level (organizational), and micro-level (individual). Barriers at the macro-level include social norms prioritizing athlete identity and stigma attached to activism, while barriers at the meso-level include the strict regulation of athletes’ lives, isolation on campus, team cultural norms, and institutional power relations. Finally, emotional exhaustion and lack of rapport with peers manifested at the micro-level, further constituting barriers to activist efforts. The complex interplay of barriers at multiple levels, I argue, perpetuates a hegemonic order where contemporary collegiate athlete activists and the arena of sport become sites for the struggle for power – that is, cultural sites in which the battle between hegemonic forces and agents of resistance becomes manifested and visible. HIGHLIGHTS Collegiate activists face barriers to activism on many levels, ranging from macro-(societal) to meso- (organizational) and micro-levels (individual). There continues to be intense stigma attached to activist behaviors in U.S.intercollegiate sport, despite an increase in activism. On an emotional level, collegiate athlete activists often experience feelings of isolation and exhaustion. At the institutional level, unsupportive institutional climates and team cultural norms can prevent athletes from engaging in activism. The barriers identified serve as powerful hegemonic tools to render activism non-normative behavior in U.S.intercollegiate sport.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43799323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and social entrepreneurship in the base-of-the-pyramid: The institutional work of refugees and a refugee-led organization in Uganda","authors":"Mitchell McSweeney","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2148861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2148861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship has garnered increased attention from scholars in a number of disciplines, especially international development and to a growing degree, sport management. Responding to recent calls within institutional theory and sport management, in this study, the lens of institutional work is employed to explore how a refugee-led organization in Uganda and its members utilize sport-related social entrepreneurship to create, maintain, and disrupt institutions. Data analysis revealed three overarching themes related to the purposeful, intentional work of actors, including: the use of sport microfinance savings groups to fill institutional voids; social entrepreneurship work by refugees to build social and economic value; and experimentation work to disrupt gender norms. Findings underscore the way in which both organizations and individuals engage in sport-related social entrepreneurial activities to create, maintain, and contest interrelated institutions, in particular institutionalized poverty and gender. Discussion is presented which expands theoretical and practical knowledge on the institutional work and practices of individuals and organizations acting innovatively to contest institutional arrangements and the poverty of refugees. HIGHLIGHTS Entrepreneurship is claimed to contribute to poverty alleviation in base-of-the-pyramid markets. Limited research has investigated the institutional work of social entrepreneurship. Sport and social entrepreneurship combine to foster institutional work by refugees. Institutional work by refugees both challenges and maintains institutional arrangements.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41844102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship marketing: a strategy for acquiring long-term strategic sponsorships in the disability sport sector","authors":"Nina Siegfried","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2140886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2140886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the founding of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association (NWBA) in 1949, wheelchair basketball has expanded to over 200 teams in the U.S. and Canada. Despite the success and growth of wheelchair basketball in the U.S., NWBA programs still face funding challenges. Considering the potential to generate funding through corporate sponsorship, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals in charge of sponsorship management of NWBA programs to gain insight into the acquisition and relationship management of their sponsorship programs. Findings showed several unique ways NWBA programs attract sponsors, including focusing on sponsors with an existing interest in the disability community, and highlighting the unique assets of NWBA teams such as their compelling stories, the program’s impact, disability expertise, and corporate social engagement opportunities. Communication, evaluation, and cross-marketing opportunities were found to be key in retaining sponsors. Both successful sponsorship acquisition and retention are underlined by relationship marketing efforts to build commitment and trust by establishing an emotional connection and mutually beneficial relationship between the sponsor and the team, as well as having a dense network of relationships between the sport property and sponsor. The results aid current and future programs in successful sponsorship acquisition and retention. HIGHLIGHTS NWBA teams heavily rely on building commitment with potential sponsors for sponsorship acquisition. NWBA sport managers need to focus on the relationship building through their unique assets and offerings. NWBA teams retain sponsors through building and keeping trust and commitment. Sponsorship activation, ROI measures, and cross-marketing opportunities are key for sponsorship retention.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perceived financial situation of nonprofit sports clubs explained by objective financial measures","authors":"Svenja Feiler, D. Coates, P. Wicker, C. Breuer","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2152936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2152936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In surveys across countries, nonprofit sports clubs report their perceived financial situation using some form of Likert scale; however, it is unclear what this subjectively reported rating reflects. The purpose of this study is to examine the link between objective financial measures and club officials’ perceptions of the financial situation. The main research question is: What objective financial measures best reflect the level and changes in the perceived financial situation of nonprofit sports clubs? The study used panel data from four consecutive waves of a German sports club’s panel (n = 2,859). The clubs’ financial situation was assessed on a 6-point scale (1 = no problem; 6 = existential problem). This subjective measure was juxtaposed with several objective financial measures drawn from the literature and financial theories. These measures include general financial measures like interest coverage, margin, and revenue diversification, but also measures specifically developed for the nonprofit sports clubs’ context. The results of regression analyses show that operating margin, revenue diversity, the share of facility expenses relative to total expenses, and administrative expenses relative to total revenue significantly explained the subjectively rated financial situation. The findings suggest that objective financial measures are required to better understand the financial situation of sports clubs and design more targeted support programmes. HIGHLIGHTS Objective financial measures are applied to examine the subjectively measured financial situation of nonprofit sports clubs. Panel data from a sports club panel are used. Operating margin, revenue diversity, and proportions of administrative and facility expenses reflect the perceived financial situation of clubs. Clubs perceive lower financial troubles when revenue exceeds expenses, which is a prerequisite for staying financially stable. Clubs should be supported by sports governing bodies in their financial management.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Life-Disrupting Threat on Team Identity","authors":"Katherine Sveinson, Elizabeth B. Delia, Aaron C. Mansfield, Emma Calow","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2148858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2148858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Team identity is periodically disrupted by identity threat, yet minimal research has addressed how life-disrupting threats impact team identity. In the current study, the authors employed a case study design to examine the effects of a life-disrupting threat (i.e., the start of the COVID-19 pandemic) on team identity. The authors, leveraging interviews and participant journaling, examined individuals who identify with at least one sport team, finding that team identity was mostly “inactive” as this life-disrupting threat set in. Further, although participants recognized the importance of their fandom in terms of social connectivity (i.e., relationships with fellow fans) and opportunity for escape, they emphasized that, overall, being a fan was unimportant during the early months of the pandemic. Collectively, these findings highlight the need to study team identity (and identity threat) from a more “macro” perspective – that is, considering fandom in conjunction with other salient factors in fans’ lives. HIGHLIGHTS A case study design was used to understand how a life-disrupting threat (i.e., the start of the COVID-19 pandemic) impacted team identity. During a period of life-disrupting threat, team identity was not salient, becoming an inactive frame of reference. Individuals recognized a simultaneous importance and unimportance of their fandom amid the life-disrupting threat. The research has implications concerning team identity from a macro perspective, or the extent to which fandom fits into the rest of life.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incivility and psychological safety in youth sport: the reciprocal effects and its impact on well-being and social outcomes","authors":"Keita Kinoshita, Shintaro Sato","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2138110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2138110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Youth can often be the subject of rude and discourteous behaviors in their sport setting, given their susceptibility to the social environments. Incivility refers to insensitive behavior that exhibits a lack of respect for others, namely, disrespectful and rude behaviors. Incivility is a significant issue in youth sport since it negatively influences teams and individuals. The present study aims to investigate 1) how incivility and psychological safety are associated with each other over time and 2) the influence of the initial value of psychological safety and the change in psychological safety on youth athletes’ well-being and social outcomes. Three-wave time-lagged data collection was employed, and the present study included 283 youth athletes who completed the survey three times. The hypotheses were tested in SEM with cross-lagged panel and growth latent curve modeling. The results showed that coach and teammate incivility were significantly associated with the change in psychological safety. In contrast, the initial value of psychological safety was a significant antecedent of the subsequent coach and teammate incivility, well-being, and social outcomes. Lastly, the change in psychological safety was significantly associated with youth athletes’ well-being and social outcomes. The findings suggest that incivility and psychological safety were reciprocally associated, and psychological safety rather than incivility was a significant predictor of youths’ well-being and social outcomes. The present study found a mechanism underlying the relationship between incivility, psychological safety, and essential outcomes (i.e., well-being and social outcomes) in youth sport. HIGHLIGHTS Coach and teammate incivility influenced the change of psychological safety over time. Psychological safety predicted subsequent coach and teammate incivility. Psychological safety was significantly associated with youth athletes’ well-being and social outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44670321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational system approach to understand ad processing following various game outcomes","authors":"Minkyo Lee, R. F. Potter, Jingjing Han","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2137969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2137969","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study we test how audience emotions induced by televised sports interact with the emotional tone of advertisements to influence ad processing. Past research exploring this carry-over effect has either neglected the arousal induced by the sporting event or failed to present positive and negative ads to participants. In this study we use a 2 (sports-induced valence: positive/negative) x 2 (sports-induced arousal: calm/arousing), x 2 (ad valence: positive/negative) mixed-design experiment. Participants had psychophysiological measures of cognitive resource allocation and emotional response measured throughout. We found that positive advertisements performed best in cognitive resource allocation in a congruent arousing/positive programming context, whereas negative advertisements worked better following an incongruent calm/positive programming context. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS We use the theory of dual-motivation systems to undersatnd program-ad matching. Different patterns of memory processing occurr as interacting functions of sport and ad-induced emotions. Positive ads perform best in a congruent situation (i.e., a close win). Negative ads worked best following an incongruent situation (i.e., a lopsided win).","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}