Linguistic Inquiry最新文献_第3页

The Relevance of Unaccusativity to Possessive Datives 非指称性与所有格助词的相关性

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00532

Ziv Plotnik, Aya Meltzer-Asscher, Tal Siloni

引用次数: 0

Large Language Models and the Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus 大型语言模型与刺激贫困论证

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00533

Nur Lan, Emmanuel Chemla, Roni Katzir

{"title":"Large Language Models and the Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus","authors":"Nur Lan, Emmanuel Chemla, Roni Katzir","doi":"10.1162/ling_a_00533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00533","url":null,"abstract":"How much of our linguistic knowledge is innate? According to much of theoretical linguistics, a fair amount. One of the best-known (and most contested) kinds of evidence for a large innate endowment is the so-called argument from the poverty of the stimulus (APS). In a nutshell, an APS obtains when human learners systematically make inductive leaps that are not warranted by the linguistic evidence. A weakness of the APS has been that it is very hard to assess what is warranted by the linguistic evidence. Current Artificial Neural Networks appear to offer a handle on this challenge, and a growing literature over the past few years has started to explore the potential implications of such models to questions of innateness. We focus here on Wilcox et al. (2023), who use several different networks to examine the available evidence as it pertains to wh-movement, including island constraints. They conclude that the (presumably linguistically-neutral) networks acquire an adequate knowledge of wh-movement, thus undermining an APS in this domain. We examine the evidence further, looking in particular at parasitic gaps and across-the-board movement, and argue that current networks do not, in fact, succeed in acquiring or even adequately approximating wh-movement from training corpora that roughly correspond in size to the linguistic input that children receive. We also show that the performance of one of the models improves considerably when the training data are artificially enriched with instances of parasitic gaps and across-the-board movement. This finding suggests, albeit tentatively, that the failure of the networks when trained on natural, unenriched corpora is due to the insufficient richness of the linguistic input, thus supporting the APS.","PeriodicalId":48044,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Learning-Based Account of Phonological Tiers 基于学习的语音层级解释

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00530

Caleb Belth

{"title":"A Learning-Based Account of Phonological Tiers","authors":"Caleb Belth","doi":"10.1162/ling_a_00530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00530","url":null,"abstract":"Morphophonological alternations often involve dependencies between adjacent segments. Despite the apparent distance between relevant segments in the alternations that arise in consonant and vowel harmony, these dependencies can usually be viewed as adjacent on a tier representation. However, the tier needed to render dependencies adjacent varies crosslinguistically, and the abstract nature of tier representations in comparison to flat, string-like representations has led phonologists to seek justification for their use in phonological theory. In this paper, I propose a learning-based account of tier-like representations. I argue that humans show a proclivity for tracking dependencies between adjacent items, and propose a simple learning algorithm that incorporates this proclivity by tracking only adjacent dependencies. The model changes representations in response to being unable to predict the surface form of alternating segments—a decision governed by the Tolerance Principle, which allows for learning despite the sparsity and exceptions inevitable in naturalistic data. Tier-like representations naturally emerge from this learning procedure, and, when trained on small amounts of natural language data, the model achieves high accuracy generalizing to held-out test words, while flexibly handling cross-linguistic complexities like neutral segments and blockers. The model also makes precise predictions about human generalization behavior, and these are consistently borne out in artificial language experiments.","PeriodicalId":48044,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140071243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Talmy’s Typology Revisited: A Spanning Approach 重新审视塔尔米的类型学：跨越式方法

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00531

Víctor Acedo-Matellán, Arkadiusz Kwapiszewski

引用次数: 0

Dependent Case by Agree: Ergative in Shawi 同意从句：沙维语中的尔格

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00529

Emily Clem, Amy Rose Deal

{"title":"Dependent Case by Agree: Ergative in Shawi","authors":"Emily Clem, Amy Rose Deal","doi":"10.1162/ling_a_00529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00529","url":null,"abstract":"Ergative and accusative behave as dependent cases insofar as their appearance on a nominal depends on the presence of another nominal in the same domain. Recent work on case theory has taken the phenomenon of case dependency to challenge the idea that case is assigned via the operation Agree. Focusing on the Shawi language (Kawapanan; Peru), we show not only that patterns of case dependency can be captured via Agree, but also that doing so opens up a new way of understanding the typology of global case splits. Ergative in Shawi appears when the subject is at least as high as the object on the person hierarchy—a global split pattern—and can be accompanied by explicit realization of the object’s features on the subject nominal (“object agreement on the subject”). We propose that ergative arises in Shawi when a probe on v Agrees with both the object and the subject, transferring object features to the subject; these features are spelled out as ergative case and as object agreement. In general, we show that dependent cases, both ergative and accusative, can be seen as a morphological outcome of syntactic Agree between a probe and a second goal, realizing features on that goal that were transferred from a previous goal in an earlier step of Agree.","PeriodicalId":48044,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140071242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concord in the Verbal Domain: External Agreement in Nakh-Daghestanian 言语领域的和谐：纳赫-达吉斯坦语中的外部一致

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00528

Dmitry Ganenkov

引用次数: 0

Pair-List Interpretation in Multiple Sluicing in Mandarin Chinese 普通话多重语流中的对表解释

IF 1.6 1区文学

Linguistic Inquiry Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00527

Xue Bai, Daiko Takahashi

引用次数: 0

The Representation of Gender and Inflectional Class in Italian: A Reply to Kučerová 2018 性别和影响阶级在意大利语中的代表性：回复Kučerová2018