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Fading choice: transport costs and variety in consumer goods 逐渐消失的选择：消费品的运输成本和种类
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12535
Jan Willem Gunning, Pramila Krishnan, Andualem T. Mengistu
{"title":"Fading choice: transport costs and variety in consumer goods","authors":"Jan Willem Gunning,&nbsp;Pramila Krishnan,&nbsp;Andualem T. Mengistu","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12535","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12535","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the spatial variation in variety of manufactured consumer goods to study how choice fades across space. We use data on 132 consumer goods and over 800 brands available from a purpose-designed survey of fixed shops and periodic market stalls in towns and villages in Ethiopia. We find that local consumer choice fades, with fewer varieties in remoter villages. On average, these villages have approximately half the number of available items compared to their nearest market town. A fall in travel time of a half-hour is associated with 4 extra goods and 9 brands. Variety also increases with inequality and market size. Furthermore, we estimate a model of heterogeneous consumers with a preference for variety and monopolistically competitive traders to disentangle the role of transport costs from the taste for variety, and to assess the consequences for prices. Our model estimates suggest that local consumer prices contain a markup of 8% above source town prices and transport costs. We demonstrate the significant costs to consumers from both low variety and high trade costs. Ignoring such costs means that poverty is underestimated in remote places. In turn, when infrastructure investments raise variety, the likely fall in poverty will be underestimated too.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"1100-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecca.12535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ex ante transparency and corruption by networks 事前透明度和网络腐败
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12526
Mehmet Bac
{"title":"Ex ante transparency and corruption by networks","authors":"Mehmet Bac","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12526","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explains the structure of corruption networks as response to <i>ex ante</i> transparency, defined as visibility of authorities whose cooperation clients may need, in due course, to execute corrupt transactions. It also characterizes the optimal transparency policy given the network response, as a function of connection costs, sanctions, the corruption surplus and the detection probability (hence the anti-corruption budget and <i>ex post</i> transparency). Corruption chains may emerge in equilibrium if authority is expected to be shared by multiple offices, where the office with higher solo assignment probability becomes the intermediary. Otherwise, clients penetrate the bureaucracy by inducing the star network, or contend with single connection. I show that the optimal policy always assigns one office, sometimes alone, sometimes jointly with others. It is often possible to deter corruption networks through an <i>ex ante</i> transparent policy that parcels out authority to multiple offices with probability 1—a common feature of many US bureaucracies. Decomposing transparency into its components reveals nuances in the transparency–corruption relationship, suggesting that <i>ex ante</i> transparency is instrumental except in environments in which anti-corruption enforcement is extremely effective or extremely ineffective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"1023-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Follow the leader? The long-run interaction between public and private sector wage growth in the UK 追随领导者？英国公共部门和私营部门工资增长之间的长期互动关系
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12525
Peter Dolton, Arno Hantzsche
{"title":"Follow the leader? The long-run interaction between public and private sector wage growth in the UK","authors":"Peter Dolton,&nbsp;Arno Hantzsche","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12525","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With one-fifth of the UK labour force employed in the public sector, public sector pay and its interaction with private sector pay is an important driver of the macroeconomy. Using new data on sector-level earnings and sector–industry-level pay settlements, this paper addresses the fundamental question of which sector leads and which follows in terms of earnings determination. We find that in the long run, public sector wages adjust to wages set in the private sector, maintaining a consistent relationship. We further find that there can be significant wage spillovers from the public sector to the private sector in the short run. These tend to be more pronounced for private sector industries that are domestically facing, characterized by low worker bargaining power, or reliant on public sector inputs. This paper's findings have important implications for macroeconomic policy that aims to balance inflationary forces and fiscal funding pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"837-879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecca.12525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From unobserved to observed preference heterogeneity: a revealed preference methodology 从未被发现的偏好异质性到观察到的偏好异质性：揭示偏好的方法论
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12524
Laurens Cherchye, Dieter Saelens, Reha Tuncer
{"title":"From unobserved to observed preference heterogeneity: a revealed preference methodology","authors":"Laurens Cherchye,&nbsp;Dieter Saelens,&nbsp;Reha Tuncer","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12524","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present an easy-to-apply non-parametric revealed preference method to identify observed preference heterogeneity from cross-sectional data. Building on the partitioning approach that was developed by Crawford and Pendakur (<i>Economic Journal</i>, 2013, <b>123</b>(567), 77–95) and Cosaert (<i>Computational Economics</i>, 2019, <b>53</b>(2), 533–54), it quantifies the contribution of observable consumer characteristics to describing the identified preference heterogeneity. We demonstrate the practical usefulness of our method through an application to newly gathered experimental data on consumer choice behaviour in two types of decision situations: the allocation of money (choosing between two products) and the allocation of time (choosing between leisure and work). We investigate whether the same consumer characteristics drive the observed variation in choice behaviour in these two settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"996-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neighbourhood labour structure, lockdown policies, and the uneven spread of COVID-19: within-city evidence from England 邻里劳动力结构、封锁政策和 COVID-19 的不均衡传播：英格兰城市内部的证据
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12522
Carlo Corradini, Jesse Matheson, Enrico Vanino
{"title":"Neighbourhood labour structure, lockdown policies, and the uneven spread of COVID-19: within-city evidence from England","authors":"Carlo Corradini,&nbsp;Jesse Matheson,&nbsp;Enrico Vanino","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We estimate the importance of local labour structure in the spread of COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. We build a unique dataset across 6791 English neighbourhoods that distinguishes between people living (residents) and people working (workers) in a neighbourhood, and differentiate between jobs that can be done from home (homeworkers), jobs that likely continued on-site (keyworkers), and non-essential on-site jobs. We find that a 10 percentage points increase in keyworker jobs among residents is associated with 3.15 more cases per 1000 (4.8% relative to the mean), while a 10 percentage points increase in homeworker jobs among residents is associated with a decrease of 7.74 cases per 1000 (11.8% relative to the mean). Results for the composition of workers show the same sign, but smaller magnitudes. A dynamic analysis of the monthly incidence of reported cases shows that these relationships are particularly strong during lockdown periods. These results are heterogeneous across neighbourhoods, with larger positive effect of keyworkers, and lower protective effect of homeworkers, in higher deprivation areas. We explore the role of occupation skill intensity in driving these neighbourhood differences. These findings highlight important asymmetries in the distributional impact of the policy response to COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"944-979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecca.12522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Debt, deficits and interest rates 债务、赤字和利率
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12521
Christopher D. Cotton
{"title":"Debt, deficits and interest rates","authors":"Christopher D. Cotton","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper identifies how a rise in the deficit/debt impacts interest rates by looking at the high-frequency response of interest rates to fiscal surprises. The fiscal surprises are the unexpected components of deficit releases and the changes in official forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office and by the Office of Management and Budget. The paper estimates that a rise in the deficit-to-GDP ratio of 1 percentage point raises the 10-year nominal interest rate by 8.1 basis points. The response is similar quantitatively for other Treasury maturities and for corporate debt interest rates. The paper also investigates which theoretical channel drives this relationship, and whether surprises affect interest rate expectations or the term premium. These results are used to estimate how recent spending may have affected interest rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"911-943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do management practices matter in further education? 继续教育中的管理实践重要吗？
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12520
Sandra McNally, Luis Schmidt, Anna Valero
{"title":"Do management practices matter in further education?","authors":"Sandra McNally,&nbsp;Luis Schmidt,&nbsp;Anna Valero","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Further education and sixth form colleges are key institutions for facilitating skill acquisition among 16–19 year olds in the UK. They enrol half a school cohort after completion of their lower secondary education, and this includes a disproportionate number from low-income backgrounds. Yet little is known about what could improve performance in these institutions. We conduct the world's first management practices survey in such institutions, and match this to administrative longitudinal data on over 40,000 students. Value-added regressions with rich controls suggest that structured management matters for educational outcomes, especially for students from low-income backgrounds. For this group, in a hypothetical scenario where an individual is moved from a college at the 10th percentile of management practices to the 90th, this would be associated with 8% higher probability of achieving a good high school qualification, nearly half of the educational gap between those from poor and non-poor backgrounds. Hence improving management practices may be an important channel for reducing inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"740-769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecca.12520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond cultural norms: how does historical rice farming affect modern firms' family control? 超越文化规范：历史上的水稻种植如何影响现代企业的家族控制？
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12519
Chenchen Fan, Mingming Jiang, Bo Zhang
{"title":"Beyond cultural norms: how does historical rice farming affect modern firms' family control?","authors":"Chenchen Fan,&nbsp;Mingming Jiang,&nbsp;Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The private sector contributes the majority of China's GDP, with family firms responsible for most of the contribution. Prior studies find that firms' family control is influenced by certain cultural norms, such as family ties. This study explores the underlying historical and agricultural roots of these cultural norms that influence modern businesses. Combining a set of high-quality, nationally representative Chinese firm and household surveys with prefectural data, we first show the positive impact of rice farming on family control of local firms. We establish robust causal inferences by exploring the impact of historical agricultural legacies and discussing alternative measures, spatial autocorrelations, omitted variables, instrumental variables and self-selection. More importantly, our results demonstrate that the rice cultivation practice enhances the local people's preferences for strong family ties. Instead of claiming a direct role of these cultural traits as in the existing literature, we recast them as cultural mediators and persistent channels through which historical rice farming can shape contemporary corporate structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"770-808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unequal ground: oil booms and income inequality in the USA 不平等的土地：美国的石油繁荣与收入不平等
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12517
Loujaina Abdelwahed, Cole Campbell
{"title":"Unequal ground: oil booms and income inequality in the USA","authors":"Loujaina Abdelwahed,&nbsp;Cole Campbell","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12517","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of oil price and quantity shocks on income <i>inequality</i> in the USA. Using micro income data, we construct measures of pre-tax money income inequality at the state level for the period 1980–2017. We find that a $10 increase in oil price increases inequality, measured by the ratio of pre-tax income of the 90th percentile to 10th percentile (p90/p10), by 3.8 percentage points in states with high levels of oil endowments per capita. The increase in capital income to households at the top of the distribution drives the observed change in inequality. In addition to price shocks, we study the impact of quantity shocks that arise from oil discoveries. Quantity shocks have no effect on the overall income distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"880-910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring maternal autonomy and its effect on child nutrition in rural India 衡量印度农村地区产妇自主权及其对儿童营养的影响
IF 1.4 3区 经济学
Economica Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12518
Wiji Arulampalam, Anjor Bhaskar, Nisha Srivastava
{"title":"Measuring maternal autonomy and its effect on child nutrition in rural India","authors":"Wiji Arulampalam,&nbsp;Anjor Bhaskar,&nbsp;Nisha Srivastava","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecca.12518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the link between a mother's autonomy—the freedom and ability to think, express, make decisions and act independently—and the nutritional status of her children. We treat ‘autonomy’ as a latent variable, and design a novel statistical framework to measure this. This method allows us to separate the direct associations of maternal and family characteristics in our model for nutrition, from their indirect associations that work through maternal autonomy. Using data from India, we explore the sensitivity of our estimates to endogeneity caused by sample selection in the presence of son preference. We find: (i) a one standard deviation (SD) higher autonomy score is associated with a 0.16 SD higher height-for-age z-score (HAZ score); and (ii) a 10% lower prevalence of stunting (HAZ &lt; −2 SD). The latter is equivalent to the prevention of approximately 300,000 children stunting, indicating the important role of maternal autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48040,"journal":{"name":"Economica","volume":"91 363","pages":"719-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecca.12518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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