Oxford Review of Economic Policy最新文献_第7页

Digital disruption: artificial intelligence and international trade policy 数字颠覆:人工智能与国际贸易政策

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac049

Emily Jones

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引用次数: 2

Building trust in digital trade will require a rethink of trade policy-making 建立对数字贸易的信任需要重新思考贸易决策

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac046

S. Aaronson

{"title":"Building trust in digital trade will require a rethink of trade policy-making","authors":"S. Aaronson","doi":"10.1093/oxrep/grac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grac046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2019, Shinzo Abe, then Prime Minister of Japan, stated that if the world wanted to achieve the benefits of the data-driven economy, members of the World Trade Organization should find a common approach to combining ‘data free flow with trust’. However, he never explained what these rules should look like and how nations might find an internationally accepted approach to such rules. In this paper, I argue that trade policy-makers must pay closer attention to users’ concerns if they truly want to achieve ‘data free flow with trust’. I begin with an examination of what the most recent digital trade/ecommerce agreements say about trust and discuss whether they actually meet user concerns. Next, I turn to three different examples of online problems that users have expressed concerns about, namely internet shutdowns/censorship, disinformation, and ransomware, describing how these may yield both trade distortions and less trust online. I argue that policy-makers should address these issues if they believe trade agreements should build trust in cross-border data flows. Moreover, I argue how policy-makers respond to user concerns is as important as what they include in trade agreements. Finally, I note that trade negotiators will need to rethink how they involve the broad public in digital trade policy-making, while recognizing that trade policy agreements may not be the best place to address these problems.","PeriodicalId":48024,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Trading in the era of carbon standards: how can trade, standard setting, and climate regimes cooperate? 碳标准时代的贸易:贸易、标准制定和气候机制如何合作?

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac039

Aik Hoe Lim, Kateryna Holzer

{"title":"Trading in the era of carbon standards: how can trade, standard setting, and climate regimes cooperate?","authors":"Aik Hoe Lim, Kateryna Holzer","doi":"10.1093/oxrep/grac039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grac039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Regulatory cooperation is indispensable for increasing the quality of carbon-related product regulations and standards (CPRS), reducing trade tensions over them, facilitating their alignment, and, eventually, promoting the convergence of different national emission reduction levels towards a universal carbon price. In this article, we explore how trade and trade-related arrangements and institutions can be used to intensify regulatory cooperation on CPRS. We focus on the following questions: when, where, and how does regulatory cooperation on CPRS take place within the international trading system, and what are the ways to strengthen regulatory cooperation on CPRS? While admitting the key role of market forces and the large market factor in the alignment of carbon standards, we argue that this de facto trade-driven alignment requires a steering from state-to-state regulatory cooperation, as well as cooperation of government agencies with private certification schemes in helping producers, especially from developing countries, to comply. Moreover, the potential for more systematic collaboration between the multilateral institutions for climate change and trade should be explored. This could include the establishment of a joint UNFCCC–WTO forum for the exchange of policy-relevant technical and scientific information on key issues surrounding CPRS and consolidation of the relevant database.","PeriodicalId":48024,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Expanding capacity for vaccines against Covid-19 and future pandemics: a review of economic issues 扩大Covid-19和未来大流行疫苗的能力:对经济问题的回顾

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac037

Susan Athey, Juan Camilo Castillo, Esha Chaudhuri, Michael Kremer, Alexandre Simoes Gomes, Christopher M Snyder

引用次数: 0

Optimal allocation of vaccines in a pandemic 大流行期间疫苗的最佳配置

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac027

Joshua S Gans

引用次数: 0

Financing vaccine equity: funding for day-zero of the next pandemic 资助疫苗公平:为下一次大流行的第一天提供资金

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac032

Ruchir Agarwal, Tristan Reed

引用次数: 0

Is it possible to prepare for a pandemic? 有可能为大流行做好准备吗？

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac035

Robert Tucker Omberg, A. Tabarrok

{"title":"Is it possible to prepare for a pandemic?","authors":"Robert Tucker Omberg, A. Tabarrok","doi":"10.1093/oxrep/grac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grac035","url":null,"abstract":"How effective were investments in pandemic preparation? We use a comprehensive and detailed measure of pandemic preparedness, the Global Health Security (GHS) Index produced by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (JHU), to measure which investments in pandemic preparedness reduced infections, deaths, excess deaths, or otherwise ameliorated or shortened the pandemic. We also look at whether values or attitudinal factors such as individualism, willingness to sacrifice, or trust in government—which might be considered a form of cultural pandemic preparedness—influenced the course of the pandemic. Our primary finding is that almost no form of pandemic preparedness helped to ameliorate or shorten the pandemic. Compared to other countries, the United States did not perform poorly because of cultural values such as individualism, collectivism, selfishness, or lack of trust. General state capacity, as opposed to specific pandemic investments, is one of the few factors which appears to improve pandemic performance. Understanding the most effective forms of pandemic preparedness can help guide future investments. Our results may also suggest that either we aren’t measuring what is important or that pandemic preparedness is a global public good.","PeriodicalId":48024,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48897660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues 扩大Covid-19和未来大流行疫苗的能力:经济问题综述

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w30192

S. Athey, Juan-Camilo Castillo, E. Chaudhuri, Michael Kremer, Alexandre Simoes Gomes, Christopher M. Snyder

引用次数: 9

Correction to: How to solve big problems: bespoke versus platform strategies 更正：如何解决大问题：定制与平台策略

IF 6.8 2区经济学

Oxford Review of Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac030

A. Ansar, B. Flyvbjerg

引用次数: 1

Reserve System Design for Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in a Pandemic: Some Perspectives from the Field 流行病中稀缺医疗资源配置的储备制度设计:一些实地视角