Geographical Journal最新文献

{"title":"From one flooding crisis to the next: Negotiating ‘the maybe’ in unequal Karachi","authors":"Sobia Ahmad Kaker,&nbsp;Nausheen H. Anwar","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Every few years, Karachi floods during the summer monsoon. The flooding brings latent manoeuvrings by political actors looking to establish their hold over the city to the surface. Politicians, urban administrators, and relevant state and non-state institutions blame historical planning failures, informal and illegal constructions, institutional conflict, incapable municipal governance, and widespread corruption for the flooding. They move quickly to establish authority and consolidate power while offering ‘fixes’. Eviction drives against ‘illegal settlements’ built along storm-water drains, heavy taxes, fines, and demolitions of non-conforming constructions, institutional reforms, budget allocations, and project approvals for new infrastructure all happen at once. Once the emergency ceases, key players in urban politics – resident groups, community associations, political parties, municipal authorities, land developers, planners, international non-governmental organisations, and military institutions – start working on projects of accumulation and entrenchment, in preparation for the next crisis. In this paper, we look at the space–time of Karachi's certain and yet uncertain flooding crisis as a moment to study the politics of the maybe in the Pakistani megacity. Outlining marginal and affluent residents' lived experiences in a flooding city and relating their politics with governmental responses to immediate and possible future floods, we study the conditions of inhabitation, citizenship claims, and governmental relations in Karachi. We argue that the monsoon's expectant arrival becomes a locus for articulating and modulating different kinds of popular vernaculars, governmental practices, and political manoeuvrings for institutional and individual actors seeking profit and power in and through Karachi. The politics of the maybe hinges on actors entrenching their political positions without care, taking away any possibility for a shared, coherent worldview for all Karachiites. In conclusion, we argue that distant interests and logics of this politics of governance and inhabitation are inherently exploitative, threatening to pull apart the very city they thrive on.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83613120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ebb and flow of the Seaflower marine biosphere reserve: Law entanglements and socio-environmental justice in the southwestern Caribbean Sea","authors":"María Catalina García Ch.","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores the spatio-legal dynamics of marine protected areas and their relation to socio-environmental justice. It adopts a critical legal geography perspective to unpack ocean lawscape configurations triggered by territorial claims, the international mechanisms for maritime boundary-making, and state sovereignty instruments. It is empirically focused on the Seaflower marine biosphere reserve, a protected area amid a geopolitical contestation between Nicaragua and Colombia in the southwestern Caribbean. By analysing its spatio-legal history over two decades (2000–2021), the paper sheds light on the marine legalities of this region, which are often contradictory and overlapping. Focusing on the marine lawscape of Colombia, it explores the relationship between protected areas and marine territorialisation, also reflecting on the governance regimes' effects on indigenous livelihoods and marine biodiversity. The paper concludes that (i) marine protected areas are regularly being disrupted, re-bordered, and reconfigured by the international ocean regimes governing the oceans; (ii) the link between the creation and management of marine protected areas and territorial jurisdiction compromises social and environmental justice, and (iii) inclusion of indigenous legalities might enhance equity and sustainability in ocean governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"189 4","pages":"593-612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83518940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake, disaster capitalism and massive urban transformation in Istanbul","authors":"K. Murat Güney","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, I discuss how the earthquake risk is exploited by ‘disaster capitalism’, in order to convert Istanbul to a massive construction site. The shock of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake has been effectively used by the neoliberal market and government as ‘a shock therapy’ to implement a construction-led development model for Turkey and to favour the construction sector by introducing new incentives, exceptional rights and interventions, which otherwise might be challenged. The current Turkish government justify the ongoing massive urban transformation and new mass housing projects as an improvement of the housing stock to make residential buildings stronger and more resilient to earthquakes. However, areas actually under earthquake risk do not match the areas that are officially declared under disaster risk by the government. The Disaster Law #6306 that granted the government the absolute right to expropriate land based on the justification of ‘protecting residents against earthquakes and other natural disasters’ was applied in a selective way to seize valuable land in Istanbul. In the paper I explore how the disaster was quickly converted to an opportunity for economic growth. To do that I introduce stories of three different neighbourhoods in Istanbul, namely Moda, Tozkoparan and Fikirtepe, each of which experience the ongoing massive urban transformation differently based on the land value of the neighbourhoods, class position of the residents, and residents' capacity to organise in order to protect their rights. I describe, how disaster capitalism is lived and experienced differently in these three neighbourhoods. Although the massive construction projects are indifferent to life's sustainability, those projects are justified as interventions in terms of public health and safety through making housing resilient to earthquakes. I critically discuss how in each case biopolitics presents disaster capitalism's massive urban transformation projects as a manifestation of liveliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate justice and loss and damage: Hurricane Dorian, Haitians and human rights","authors":"Adelle Thomas,&nbsp;Lisa Benjamin","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12484","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geographical place, socioeconomic status and citizenship matter in the context of climate change. The most vulnerable members of society are frequently the ones hardest hit by climate-induced extreme events. Vulnerable communities often live in climate-exposed locations, and have access to fewer resources to prepare for and respond to disasters. This is the case for Haitian migrants in The Bahamas—vulnerable communities located within a climate-vulnerable country. Haitian communities were the locus of the majority of deaths and missing people attributed to the 2019 Hurricane Dorian and faced a series of distributional, procedural and recognition injustices. We investigate the historical factors and contemporary conditions of Haitian communities in The Bahamas that resulted in significant inequities, disproportional impacts and infractions of human rights by the Bahamian government. We show how this experience complexifies discourse on loss and damage and climate-induced migration in small island developing states and exemplifies the need for human rights approaches to loss and damage that incorporate multi-scalar dimensions of climate justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"189 4","pages":"584-592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118050956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place-making in waterscapes: Wetlands as palimpsest spaces of recreation","authors":"Mary Gearey","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12477","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper argues that acknowledging the wide diversity of current recreational practices on English wetlands enables governance practitioners and site managers to appreciate the full extent of contemporary human engagements with these watery ecosystems. These insights can assist those tasked with managing wetland resources to develop more inclusive and sustainable development plans to support a wide range of actors whose connections to wetland spaces are important for their health, wellbeing and sense of self. Enabling sustainable future uses of wetlands will involve recognising and engaging with differential articulations of place-making within these diverse waterscapes which themselves are in a constant state of transition. This calls our attention to the dynamic nature of wetlands, and the ways in which place-making in these spaces shifts and adapts to the changing topography and biota within these waterscapes; each encounter with the space is slightly reconfigured and recast every time. Wetlands' liminality also extends to the diverse and often esoteric uses of these ecosystems for recreation in its most encompassing sense; as leisure spaces, places of renewal and as locations of place-making practices. Drawing upon Barbara Bender's exploration of landscape as phenomenological palimpsest, this paper utilises empirical interview data drawn from a recent research project, ‘WetlandLIFE’, to explore how far contemporary human uses of wetlands engage with processes of restoration and reanimation. Making use of the different leisure narratives of the research participants across five English wetland sites, the paper explores the ways in which ‘place’ is differentially interpreted, enabled and enacted in these saturated spaces. These practises and performances can be functional, prosaic engagements with wetlands; painting, walking, photographing, sitting, reflecting. They can also be anarchic, counter-cultural and ‘delinquent’; wild-camping, raving, poaching, partying. The wide spectrum of behaviours and attitudes catalogued reveal the contested use and value of these waterscapes in contemporary contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"190 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81279100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River culture: How socio-ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters develop, how they are lost, and how they can be regained","authors":"Karl Matthias Wantzen","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hydrological patterns of all natural water bodies pulse in variable rhythms of high and low water. The biodiversity of these ecosystems is driven by the changing nature of the environment, allowing different life strategies to coexist, e.g., by the fast reuse of nutrients when aquatic biota flourish in the recently wetted zones and vice versa. Much of the human culture in hydroscapes has developed as an adaptation to this rhythm, e.g., by using the flood-fertilised floodplains for agriculture or fisheries, or by seasonal migration into or out of the floodplain (transhumance). Technological advances have allowed humans to control, change, or even eliminate this natural water rhythm by building dams, dikes, and canals. Consequently, important ecosystem functions fail, often resulting in failure of human life-support systems but also in the failure and decline of cultural activities. I argue that the loss of socio-cultural connectivity to the rhythms of rivers and other hydrosystems occurs in four phases: (i) loss of direct relationships (e.g., uses of waterborne resources), (ii) loss of indirect relationships (cultural activities that are connected to theses uses), (iii) turning away from the river/hydrosystem (often caused by decreased water quality), and (iv) total oblivion (caused by removal or burial of the hydrosystem). Reintegrating more riverine rhythms into human life would not mean to step back in time but rather to find a combination of revised traditional ecological knowledge, learning from nature, changing values in the context of use of natural resources, and innovations. This paper draws on social-environmental aspects of the River Culture Concept – which attempts to reintegrate respect for the pulsing nature of hydrosystems into modern, sustainable management – and on diverse case studies. Examples are presented on how River Culture Concept approaches may contribute to revitalising socio-ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"190 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90178707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2022","authors":"Nigel Clifford,&nbsp;David Hempleman-Adams,&nbsp;Jane Francis,&nbsp;Paul Cloke,&nbsp;James Sidaway,&nbsp;David Hannah","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2022 celebrations, which occurred at the Society on 6 June 2022, with contributions from Sir David Hempleman-Adams, Professor Dame Jane Francis, Professor Paul Cloke, Professor James Sidaway and Professor David Hannah.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"188 3","pages":"481-493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74240016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presidential Address1 and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2022","authors":"Nigel Clifford","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Society's 191st Annual General M, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Nigel Clifford offered some thoughts on the value of geography today and presented his ambitions for his presidency of the society. In particular, he reflected on the skills that geography provides for all industries and workplaces, and the need to make the Society both more representative of the wider community, and more agile so that it can respond to, and remain relevant within, the changing world that surrounds us.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"188 3","pages":"476-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90184306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: J.W.R. Whitehand (1938–2021)","authors":"Michael P. Conzen,&nbsp;Peter J. Larkham","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12460","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Jeremy Whitehand in Chenjiaci, Guangzhou, 2007. Photograph: K. Gu&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;J.W.R. Whitehand, Emeritus Professor of Urban Geography at the University of Birmingham, died suddenly in June 2021. Jeremy was born in 1938 in Reading. Stimulated at school by the geography teaching of Robert W. Brooker—author of geographical texts—he went on to specialise in geography at the University of Reading. In 1954 the family moved to Amersham, to a large neo-Tudor house that featured in a later publication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As an undergraduate at Reading, Jeremy developed his tennis skills and travelled widely to tournaments, building his interest in the specific character of places. His bachelor's dissertation was a survey of the Amersham/Chesham district, with a distinctly morphological flavour, unusual for the time. He developed this interest in his PhD thesis but added substantially more material on building characteristics, feeling that previous morphological work had focused too much on simplified street plans (Conzen &amp; Oliveira, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;, pp. 76–81). He retained links with Reading, where he was awarded a DSc in 1992.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;His first academic post was at the University of Newcastle, where he met M.R.G. Conzen—whose influence, both scholarly and personal (they shared a pronounced but very dry sense of humour) profoundly shaped Jeremy's career. The systematic aspect and interlocking nature of Conzen's descriptive and analytical concepts, the precision of his writing, and intricate hand-drawn cartography were highly influential, even though these features ‘struck some urban geographers as downright intimidating’ (Conzen &amp; Oliveira, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;, pp. 76–81). Whitehand's own writing proved similarly concise but more accessible. In the Newcastle department he also met Susan Friedrich, whom he would later marry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whitehand tested Conzen's articulation of the urban fringe belt concept at the scale of a whole conurbation in a study of Tyneside, and this resulted in his first major publication. A move to the University of Glasgow (1966–1971) brought new opportunities, including demonstrating that urban fringe belts could be explained statistically through the application of bid-rent theory and building cycles. Fringe belts were to occupy him, in one way or another, for much of his career.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1971 he moved to the University of Birmingham, founding a highly successful Urban Morphology Research Group, rising to Professor of Urban Geography in 1991, and retiring in 2005. His teaching ranged from introductory cultural geography through historical geography to a third-year specialist course in urban morphology. This last course he kept deliberately small, so that the group could fit in a minibus; citing the need for a working knowledge of German if recruitment ever threatened that limit. He supervised 58 research degrees, instilling in his students a strong work ethic, attention to detail, quality and focus, and a wish to live up to his expectations. ","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"188 3","pages":"494-496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85054372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We are a people’: Sovereignty and disposability in the context of Puerto Rico's post-Hurricane Maria experience","authors":"Stacy-ann Robinson,&nbsp;Andrea Vega Troncoso,&nbsp;J. Timmons Roberts,&nbsp;Matilda Peck","doi":"10.1111/geoj.12472","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geoj.12472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2017 North Atlantic hurricane season brought many of the injustices faced by non-sovereign Caribbean States to the fore. These injustices, which positioned Caribbean people as expendable to colonial powers, highlighted the impact of historically enduring colonial structures of non-sovereignty on post-hurricane response and recovery efforts across the region. In this paper, we argue that Puerto Rico's status as a Commonwealth of the United States (U.S.) influenced the nature and outcome of the U.S. Federal Government's response to Hurricane Maria in 2017. Its response was marked by unnecessary delays, silence, and the withholding of information, and the prioritisation of bureaucracy, evidencing the disposability of Black and brown lives and bodies, and signalling the need to collectively leverage the power of an environmental justice agenda. For this to be achieved, we further argue, a people's right to sovereignty and indispensability must be centred.</p>","PeriodicalId":48023,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Journal","volume":"189 4","pages":"575-583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geoj.12472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89608567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}