Review of International Studies最新文献_第8页

Theorising the memescape: The spatial politics of Internet memes 模因逃逸的理论化:网络模因的空间政治

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000049

Uygar Baspehlivan

{"title":"Theorising the memescape: The spatial politics of Internet memes","authors":"Uygar Baspehlivan","doi":"10.1017/s0260210523000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210523000049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite the increasing centrality of Internet memes for everyday political circulations and practices, their emergent implications as low-cultural artefacts of global politics have received little theoretical attention. In this article, I develop a critical theory of memes to provide a conceptual apparatus to understand the global political implications and possibilities of this pop-cultural phenomenon. I argue that, in order to attend to the emergent implications of memes and consider their differentiations from other pop-cultural phenomena, we need to unpack the spatial logic through which memes emerge and circulate. Analysing this spatial logic through the concept of the ‘memescape’ and deploying Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s notions of striated and smooth spaces, this article articulates the spatial logic of the memescape as comprising rhizomatic, decentralised circulations of digital content; nomadic, playful, and humorous disruptions of once-stable signs; and affective congregations of a multiplicity of subjects. Through two examples exploring how these smooth spatial tendencies produce divergent political potentials in the resistant memes of Indigenous digital communities and reactionary memes of the Alt-Right, I conclude that the global politics of the memescape is open-ended and undetermined which requires careful and nuanced political and ethical attention to actualise its futures for emancipatory horizons.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

World in the making: On the global visual politics of climate engineering 正在形成的世界：气候工程的全球视觉政治

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000025

Ann-Kathrin Benner, Delf Rothe

{"title":"World in the making: On the global visual politics of climate engineering","authors":"Ann-Kathrin Benner, Delf Rothe","doi":"10.1017/s0260210523000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210523000025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Proposals for large-scale technical interventions into the Earth system to mitigate global warming – or climate engineering – have sparked considerable debate about their potential implications for international security and global governance. The article furthers this debate by bringing it into dialogue with the literature on visual global politics to develop a more ‘imagistic’ concept of climate engineering imaginaries. Based on a novel visual dataset, three major visual clusters in the public discourse on climate engineering are identified: images of the human–nature relationship, of climate engineering as tangible infrastructure, and of the actors involved in climate engineering projects. The analysis shows how images and other visuals do not only shape the dominant understanding of climate engineering but also competing imaginaries of future political orders in which such approaches might be deployed. Three main results of this analysis stand out. First, dominant ways of seeing climate engineering can further reinforce already dominant discursive frames by adding ‘visual proof’ to their underlying claims. Second, climate engineering visuality can also enable the politicisation of climate engineering by rendering concrete projects visible and hence contestable. Third, climate engineering images can paradoxically limit the scope of imagination as they often revolve around powerful visual icons and symbols of the past and present.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42188141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heidegger’s heritage: The temporal politics of authenticity, then and now 海德格尔的遗产:真实性的时间政治，过去和现在

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/s026021052200064x

Andrew R. Hom

{"title":"Heidegger’s heritage: The temporal politics of authenticity, then and now","authors":"Andrew R. Hom","doi":"10.1017/s026021052200064x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026021052200064x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For a discipline as philosophically and temporally sensitive as International Relations, it is curious that Martin Heidegger, widely considered the most important philosopher of the twentieth century, has only recently begun to receive disciplinary attention. It is also noteworthy that as IR begins to grapple with right-wing extremism, it has not addressed Heidegger’s fascist politics. Conducting a close reading of his account of existence in time, this article argues that from his magnum opus to his final diaries, Heidegger prefigured many existentialist discussions, but his particular conceptualisations of time, temporality, and authentic Being lent political life a dangerous edge. Scrutinising both the conceptual and practical consequences of Heidegger’s thought, this article traces key tensions in his claims that, to realise true Selfhood, we must overcome social time on the road to death. This antagonism encourages overly individuated and aggressive habits of thought and action that reject the possibilities of co-existence. We can see this in how Heidegger’s obsession with authenticity over time pushed him deeper into Nazism, and in the ways that his existential vernacular resounds through today’s right-wing renaissance. Juxtaposing authenticity, then and now, helps draw out the distinctively temporal dynamics of Heidegger’s existentialism as well as the existential politics of our time.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Special Issue: Multispecies security and personhood 特刊简介：多物种安全与人格

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0260210522000663

Matthew Leep

引用次数: 1

Bureaucracy and the everyday practices of contested state diplomacy: The paradigmatic case of Kosovo 官僚主义和有争议的国家外交的日常实践:科索沃的典型案例

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210522000602

T. Wille

{"title":"Bureaucracy and the everyday practices of contested state diplomacy: The paradigmatic case of Kosovo","authors":"T. Wille","doi":"10.1017/s0260210522000602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210522000602","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The representatives of contested states – that is, territories whose claim to sovereign statehood is not, or is not fully, recognised by the international society of states – often make significant efforts to engage in diplomacy. Two literatures have recently begun to explore these diplomatic activities, one focusing on the ‘rebel diplomacy’ of insurgents and secessionist movements, the other on ‘liminal actors’ in global politics. However, these two literatures have defined the phenomenon in very different ways, namely, as either instrumental action or cultural performance, and study it largely without regard to each other's insights. My argument in this article is that contested state diplomacy can be better understood if we appreciate the nature of modern diplomacy as a set of bureaucratic practices. As a routinised process within a bureaucratic organisation, modern diplomacy both gives rise to specific decisions and sustains the reality of the state as the locus of legitimate power. The representatives of contested states therefore have strong reasons to set up more or less rudimentary bureaucracies for their diplomacy. I use the history of Kosovo's foreign policy institutions as a paradigmatic case to demonstrate how everyday bureaucratic practices fuse instrumental action and cultural performance and further theorise the interplay of ‘political’ and ‘technical’ conduct in contested state diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41602422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nuclear weapons, existentialism, and International Relations: Anders, Ballard, and the human condition in the age of extinction 核武器、存在主义与国际关系：安德斯、巴拉德与灭绝时代的人类状况

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210522000638

Rens van Munster

{"title":"Nuclear weapons, existentialism, and International Relations: Anders, Ballard, and the human condition in the age of extinction","authors":"Rens van Munster","doi":"10.1017/s0260210522000638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210522000638","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 IR scholars increasingly turn to the writings of Existentialists to make sense of the multiple and entangled planetary crises that characterise the twenty-first century. In this article, I argue that two postwar intellectuals, Günther Anders (1902–1992) and J. G. Ballard (1930–2009), offer a rich intellectual ancestry and inspiration to such scholarship. Both authors critically and creatively reworked central Existentialist ideas in the context of postwar technological acceleration and the development of nuclear weapons. To Anders and Ballard, nuclear weapons symbolised, and were the most extreme manifestation of, the pathologies they associated with technological modernity: mass consumption, spectacular violence, a deadening of affect, and an increased inability of humans to psychologically process and grasp the destructive capacities of science and technology. To counter these trends, they both firmly relied on Surrealism to bolster the human imagination as a catalysator for personal and social transformation. I argue that their work offers an opportunity to reconnect the study of nuclear weapons in IR to broader existentialist questions and suggest that their respective attempts to foreground human being in the nuclear age as ‘being-towards-extinction’ holds important lessons for recent attempts to recentre the study of IR around planetary imaginaries of extinction.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49623289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fauda and the Israeli occupation of Palestine: Gender, emotions, and visual representations of complicity in international politics 福达与以色列对巴勒斯坦的占领:性别、情感和国际政治中同谋的视觉表现

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210522000651

S. Jude

{"title":"Fauda and the Israeli occupation of Palestine: Gender, emotions, and visual representations of complicity in international politics","authors":"S. Jude","doi":"10.1017/s0260210522000651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210522000651","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the visual politics of complicity within war, conflict, and military occupation in International Relations (IR). By arguing that complicity is a social relation through which actors navigate violence while drawing on power and resources that are distributed unevenly, it explores the production, articulation, and reception of complicity within the Israeli television series Fauda, which addresses complicit behaviour under the Israeli occupation of Palestine. By building on Feminist IR's engagement with emotions, gender, and visual representations, this article provides a twofold contribution to the study of complicity in international politics. Firstly, the complicit entanglement between creators, distributors, and viewers of Fauda spotlights the cultural workers’ role in shaping public knowledge of war, violence, and military occupation, particularly by creating and circulating cultural representations that facilitate the complicity of audiences with the violence that they consume through certain emotional logics (empathy, compassion, fear). Secondly, this article examines representations of complicity within Fauda to shed light on complicit actors’ embodied experiences of navigating between different identities while caught in the middle of violence (perpetrator, victim, witness, bystander). To this end, this article develops our understanding of emotions, resistance, and domination in international politics.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41616788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gothic visibilities and International Relations: Uncanny icons, critical comics, and the politics of abjection in Aleppo 哥特可见度与国际关系:不可思议的图标，批评漫画，以及阿勒颇的政治

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210522000547

Frederik Carl Windfeld, Marius Hauge Hvithamar, L. Hansen

{"title":"Gothic visibilities and International Relations: Uncanny icons, critical comics, and the politics of abjection in Aleppo","authors":"Frederik Carl Windfeld, Marius Hauge Hvithamar, L. Hansen","doi":"10.1017/s0260210522000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210522000547","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The war in Syria has been communicated to global audiences through images of dead and injured children, decapitated and tortured bodies, and ruined cities. The article shows how news media coverage of the war's impact on the city of Aleppo invoked a Gothic tradition. Drawing on Kristeva and Freud's concepts of the abject and the uncanny, the article argues that the Gothic tradition can further International Relations research on the constitution of Selves and Others. The Gothic Other is constituted through the (Gothic) Self's repulsion, fascination, and desire, and the Gothic tradition revolves around an understanding of the invisible as an in-between space of fear and anticipation. The ability to recognise Gothic themes in an image depends on one's familiarity with the Gothic tradition, hence images are theorised as having a Gothic potentiality. The article focuses on how the Anglo-Saxon Gothic tradition enabled Western readers to identify Gothic themes in news coverage of the war in Aleppo. The article adopts a multimethod strategy including a content analysis of 457 images published by Western news media; a discourse analysis of news stories; an analysis of three Gothic, uncanny iconic motifs; and an author-created comic drawing on Gothic elements from the published photographs.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From savages to snowflakes: Race and the enemies of free speech 从野蛮人到雪花：种族与言论自由的敌人

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0260210522000614

Darcy Leigh

{"title":"From savages to snowflakes: Race and the enemies of free speech","authors":"Darcy Leigh","doi":"10.1017/S0260210522000614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210522000614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Right-wing free speech advocacy is increasingly shaping global politics. In IR, free speech has generally been viewed within human rights and international legal frameworks. However, this article shows that contemporary free speech advocates often ignore or oppose human rights and international law, focusing instead on (what they describe as) a defence of the nation state against the enemies of free speech. This article examines this articulation of free speech's enemies: first historically as the ‘savage’ in John Stuart Mill's influential formulation of free speech; and then contemporarily as the ‘snowflake’, ‘mob’, and ‘cultural Marxist’ by elected officials and lobbyists in the UK and US. The article argues that John Stuart Mill's savage is figured within a racialised civilisational hierarchy of degrees of humanity. Today, right-wing free speech advocates extend and reconfigure this hierarchy, imagining the ‘snowflake’, ‘mob’, and ‘cultural Marxist’ as lesser human, subhuman, and extra-human, respectively. Thus, in contrast to rights-based analyses of free speech advocacy – which assume or assess the promotion of rights as a ‘public good’ – the article argues that narratives of free speech's enemies are deployed by right-wing free speech advocates to underwrite racialised policy responses and global hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"763 - 779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46186463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status cues and normative change: How the Academy Awards facilitated Chile's gender identity law 地位线索和规范变化：奥斯卡奖如何促进智利的性别认同法

IF 3 1区社会学

Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210522000626

C. Schulz, Cameron G. Thies

{"title":"Status cues and normative change: How the Academy Awards facilitated Chile's gender identity law","authors":"C. Schulz, Cameron G. Thies","doi":"10.1017/s0260210522000626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210522000626","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores how the Academy Award for A Fantastic Woman facilitated the adoption of Chile's Gender Identity Law. Approved in 2018 after languishing for over five years in Congress, the law establishes individuals’ right to modify their national identification documents without the need to change their physical appearance or receive prior court authorisation. While trans rights activists extensively lobbied for a law that guaranteed access to gender marker changes, conservatives rejected the initiative, framing their opposition in terms of Christian values and against the ‘gender ideology’ that purportedly informed the bill. We argue that this backlash dissipated in the wake of the award. International recognition made support for trans rights temporarily a matter of national pride, thereby opening a window of opportunity for the approval of the law. The case of Chile's Gender Identity Law illustrates how international status cues can foster normative change by mobilising affect in domestic audiences. It contributes to recent debates on status and domestic political change, and the role that emotion and affect play in world politics.","PeriodicalId":48017,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1