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The lasting impact of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: COVID-19 vaccination hesitation among African Americans 塔斯基吉梅毒研究的持久影响：非裔美国人对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的犹豫不决
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y
Xiaolong Hou, Yang Jiao, Leilei Shen, Zhuo Chen
{"title":"The lasting impact of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: COVID-19 vaccination hesitation among African Americans","authors":"Xiaolong Hou, Yang Jiao, Leilei Shen, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely recognized that African Americans have a higher level of mistrust towards the medical and health sector, which results in insufficient utilization of public health services, low participation in clinical research, and vaccination hesitancy. While the Tuskegee Syphilis Study has been identified as a key factor in this mistrust, its specific influence on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among African Americans remains unexplored. Our paper fills this research gap. Our results suggest that the difference in COVID-19 vaccination rates between communities with low and high proportions of Black residents decreases during the study period, but the gap persists. Notably, counties closer to Tuskegee exhibit a slower rate of progress in reducing the racial disparity in COVID-19 vaccination, indicating that the lingering mistrust stemming from the Tuskegee Study has contributed to unequal vaccination rates between African Americans and the rest of America.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans 走进 NBA 泡沫：黑人球员如何在没有球迷的情况下表现得更好
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y
Mauro Caselli, Paolo Falco, Babak Somekh
{"title":"Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans","authors":"Mauro Caselli, Paolo Falco, Babak Somekh","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the NBA, predominantly Black players play in front of predominantly non-Black fans. Using the “NBA Bubble”, a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we show that the performance of Black players improved significantly with the absence of fans vis-à-vis White players. This is consistent with Black athletes being negatively affected by racial pressure from mostly non-Black audiences. We control for player, team, and game fixed effects, and dispel alternative mechanisms. Beyond hurting individual players, racial pressure causes significant economic damage to NBA teams by lowering the performance of top athletes and the quality of the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In utero exposure to violence and child health in Iraq 伊拉克宫内暴力与儿童健康
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7
Sulin Sardoschau
{"title":"In utero exposure to violence and child health in Iraq","authors":"Sulin Sardoschau","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of exposure to violence during pregnancy on anthropometric and cognitive outcomes of children in the medium run. I combine detailed household-level data on more than 36,000 children with geo-coded information on civilian casualties in the aftermath of the US invasion of Iraq between 2003 and 2009 and exploit within-mother differences in prenatal exposure to violence. I find that one violent incident during pregnancy decreases height- and weight-for-age z-scores by 0.13 standard deviations and lowers cognitive and behavioral skills of children. Leveraging information on the severity, type and perpetrator of violence, I isolate the effect of stress from access to prenatal care. The analysis reveals that stressful events, particularly those involving direct threats to personal safety (violence directed at the civilian population and involving execution and torture), exert an even larger negative impact on child health than those incidents that disrupt health infrastructure and access to prenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Middle-run educational impacts of comprehensive early childhood interventions: evidence from a pioneer program in Chile 儿童早期综合干预措施的中期教育影响：来自智利先驱计划的证据
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0
{"title":"Middle-run educational impacts of comprehensive early childhood interventions: evidence from a pioneer program in Chile","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper analyzes the impact of comprehensive and universal early childhood development programs on educational outcomes during middle childhood. I exploit the birth eligibility cutoff of a pioneer intervention of this type in Chile and use administrative data on grade point averages and standardized test scores. Program exposure raises standardized math scores by 1.8% of a standard deviation, standardized reading scores by 4.0% of a standard deviation, and grade point averages by 0.03% of a standard deviation. I find that socioeconomically vulnerable children benefit less from program exposure. The educational marginal value of public funds indicates that the program is beneficial overall and pays for itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Banning the purchase of sex increases cases of rape: evidence from Sweden 禁止购买性服务会增加强奸案：来自瑞典的证据
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2
Riccardo Ciacci
{"title":"Banning the purchase of sex increases cases of rape: evidence from Sweden","authors":"Riccardo Ciacci","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper leverages the timing of a ban on the purchase of sex to assess its impact on rape offenses. Relying on Swedish high-frequency data from 1997 to 2014, I find that the ban increases the number of rapes by around 44–62%. The results are robust to several econometric specifications that exploit different identification assumptions. The increase reflects a boost in completed rapes both in the short- and long-run. However, it is not accompanied by a decrease in the number of pimps. Taken together, the empirical evidence hints at the notion that the rise in rapes is not connected to the supply of prostitution but rather to changes in the demand for prostitution due to the ban. The results here have the opposite sign but larger magnitudes in absolute value than results in the literature on the decriminalization of prostitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is longer maternal care always beneficial? The impact of a 4-year paid parental leave 延长产妇护理时间是否总是有益的？4 年带薪育儿假的影响
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1
{"title":"Is longer maternal care always beneficial? The impact of a 4-year paid parental leave","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>We study the impact of an extension of paid family leave in the Czech Republic from 3 to 4 years on children’s long-term outcomes. We find that an additional year of maternal care at age 3 has an adverse effect on children’s human capital investments and labor market attachment. Affected children are 6 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in college and 4 percentage points more likely to be not in education, employment, or training (NEET) at age 21–22. While the negative impact on education is persistent, with an 8 percentage points lower probability of completing college by the age of 27, the effect on NEET is short-lived. The results are driven by children of low-educated mothers, whose education and NEET outcomes are affected by as much as 12 percentage points. Our findings are consistent with previously documented positive effects of universal childcare on child long-term outcomes and with the fact that the extended maternal care induced by the extension of family leave led to a postponement of public kindergarten enrollment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Higher education and the income-fertility nexus 高等教育与收入-生育率的关系
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01017-8
Holger Strulik
{"title":"Higher education and the income-fertility nexus","authors":"Holger Strulik","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01017-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fertility and income are negatively related at the aggregate level. However, evidence from recent periods suggests that increasing income leads to higher fertility at the individual level. In this paper, I provide a simple theory that resolves the apparent contradiction. I consider the education and fertility choices of individuals with different learning abilities. Acquiring higher education requires an investment of time and income. As a result, people with higher education have fewer children but, controlling for the level of education, increasing income leads to higher fertility. Rising income and skill premiums motivate more people to pursue higher education, resulting in a negative income-fertility association at the aggregate level. I investigate the explanatory power of the theory in a model calibrated for the US during 1950–2010.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refugee influx and school enrollment among native youths in Jordan 难民涌入和约旦本地青年的入学率
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01016-9
Abdulmohsen Almuhaisen
{"title":"Refugee influx and school enrollment among native youths in Jordan","authors":"Abdulmohsen Almuhaisen","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01016-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01016-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I investigate the impact of the inflow of Syrian refugees to Jordan on school enrollment rates of 16–21-year-old Jordanians. Using an instrumented difference-in-differences identification strategy that utilizes the variation in the share of refugees across time and space, I show that the refugee influx resulted in a decline in school enrollment, primarily among males and youths with less educated parents. Next, I show that the effect would have been larger in the absence of post-influx investments in educational infrastructure in the most impacted areas. Finally, I show an increase in employment among Jordanian youths, pointing to a potential labor market mechanism for the estimated impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140018486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early-life economic conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from historical county-level bank deposit data 早年经济状况与老年男性死亡率：来自县级银行存款历史数据的证据
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01007-w
{"title":"Early-life economic conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from historical county-level bank deposit data","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01007-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper studies the long-run mortality effects of in utero and early-life economic conditions. We examine how local economic conditions experienced during the Great Depression, proxied by county-level banking deposits during in utero and first years of life, influences old-age longevity. We find that a one-standard-deviation rise in per capita bank deposits is associated with an approximately 1.7 month increase in males’ longevity at old age. Additional analyses comparing state-level versus county-level economic measures provide insight on the importance of controlling for local-level confounders and exploiting more granular measures when exploring the relationship between early-life conditions and later-life mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silence breaking: sex crime reporting in the MeToo era 打破沉默：MeToo 时代的性犯罪报道
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01014-x
Feng Chen, Wei Long
{"title":"Silence breaking: sex crime reporting in the MeToo era","authors":"Feng Chen, Wei Long","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01014-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01014-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces an index for assessing local attitudes toward women in the United States, leveraging the Google search index and a machine learning methodology. Exploiting the constructed measure of sexism, our investigation reveals that the #MeToo movement garnered greater attention in areas characterized by low measured sexism in the pre-MeToo era. Additionally, a substantial increase in reported sex crimes is observed in those areas post-MeToo compared to those with higher sexism measures. Further empirical findings indicate that the surge in documented sex crimes primarily stems from changes in reporting behavior rather than substantive shifts in actual incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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