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Language lesson learned—foreign-origin teachers and their effect on students’ language skills 外籍教师的语文课及其对学生语文能力的影响
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01019-6
Lisa Sofie Höckel
{"title":"Language lesson learned—foreign-origin teachers and their effect on students’ language skills","authors":"Lisa Sofie Höckel","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01019-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>International migration increases classroom diversity around the world, but little is known about the effect of foreign-origin teachers on students’ academic achievement. This study investigates whether foreign-origin teachers causally affect their students’ academic performance. Exploiting within-student variation in assignment to teachers in Germany, I find that teachers who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants significantly increase the reading comprehension of their students in secondary school, but do not affect their math skills. This study is the first to investigate bilingualism as a potential mechanism and shows that the effect on reading comprehension is driven by bilingual foreign-origin teachers. Given their own experience in language learning, they seem exceptionally well-equipped to teach languages. This study contributes to the scant evidence on the causal relationship between teachers’ foreign origin and students’ academic achievement in light of a large and persistent achievement gap between native and foreign-origin students.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140572395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immigration enforcement and labor supply: Hispanic youth in mixed-status families 移民执法与劳动力供应：混合身份家庭中的西班牙裔青年
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01022-x
Joaquin Alfredo-Angel Rubalcaba, José R. Bucheli, Camila Morales
{"title":"Immigration enforcement and labor supply: Hispanic youth in mixed-status families","authors":"Joaquin Alfredo-Angel Rubalcaba, José R. Bucheli, Camila Morales","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01022-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01022-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the labor supply behavior of US-born Hispanic youth in response to immigration enforcement. We draw on the added-worker effect and underscore immigration enforcement actions as a factor influencing labor supply decisions within immigrant families. We argue that while immigration enforcement reduces labor supply among non-citizens, the labor supply among US-born Hispanic youth in mixed-status families increases. Using the Current Population Survey and data on immigration-related arrests, we find that an unexpected surge in arrests increases labor force participation of US-born Hispanic youth by 6 percentage points and weekly hours worked by up to 20%.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The minimum wage and cross-community crime disparities 最低工资与跨社区犯罪差异
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01023-w
Li Li, Haoming Liu
{"title":"The minimum wage and cross-community crime disparities","authors":"Li Li, Haoming Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01023-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01023-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the heterogeneous impacts of minimum wages, which could affect low-income workers’ earnings and employment opportunities, on crime rates across neighboring communities. Using geo-tagged reported crime incident data from 18 major U.S. cities, we find that minimum wage increases reduce violent crime rates notably more in low-income communities than in high-income ones. On average, a one-dollar real minimum wage increase narrows the disparity in quarterly violent crime rates between low- and high-income communities by 12%. The impact varies considerably across different types of cities. The income effect resulting from raising the minimum wage is the main contributing factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age-based health insurance coverage policies and mental health 基于年龄的医疗保险政策与心理健康
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01015-w
Barış K. Yörük, Yiran Han
{"title":"Age-based health insurance coverage policies and mental health","authors":"Barış K. Yörük, Yiran Han","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01015-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than <span>(18%)</span> of US adults meet the diagnostic criteria for a mental illness. Yet, many who could benefit from mental health care do not receive any treatment, primarily due to inability to pay for care or lack of health insurance coverage. How does a change in health insurance coverage affect psychological well-being and mental health? We explore this question using age-based health insurance coverage policies in the United States as natural experiments. We provide evidence that losing health insurance coverage at the age 26 due to aging out from dependent coverage is associated with a statistically significant deterioration in certain mental health indicators and psychological well-being among young adults. On the other hand, we find no evidence of an improvement in mental health or psychological well-being among the elderly at the age 65 due to becoming eligible for Medicare. These results are robust to potential changes in risk-taking behavior and physical health at the same age cutoffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The lasting impact of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: COVID-19 vaccination hesitation among African Americans 塔斯基吉梅毒研究的持久影响：非裔美国人对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的犹豫不决
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y
Xiaolong Hou, Yang Jiao, Leilei Shen, Zhuo Chen
{"title":"The lasting impact of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: COVID-19 vaccination hesitation among African Americans","authors":"Xiaolong Hou, Yang Jiao, Leilei Shen, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01013-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely recognized that African Americans have a higher level of mistrust towards the medical and health sector, which results in insufficient utilization of public health services, low participation in clinical research, and vaccination hesitancy. While the Tuskegee Syphilis Study has been identified as a key factor in this mistrust, its specific influence on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among African Americans remains unexplored. Our paper fills this research gap. Our results suggest that the difference in COVID-19 vaccination rates between communities with low and high proportions of Black residents decreases during the study period, but the gap persists. Notably, counties closer to Tuskegee exhibit a slower rate of progress in reducing the racial disparity in COVID-19 vaccination, indicating that the lingering mistrust stemming from the Tuskegee Study has contributed to unequal vaccination rates between African Americans and the rest of America.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans 走进 NBA 泡沫：黑人球员如何在没有球迷的情况下表现得更好
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y
Mauro Caselli, Paolo Falco, Babak Somekh
{"title":"Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans","authors":"Mauro Caselli, Paolo Falco, Babak Somekh","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01021-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the NBA, predominantly Black players play in front of predominantly non-Black fans. Using the “NBA Bubble”, a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we show that the performance of Black players improved significantly with the absence of fans vis-à-vis White players. This is consistent with Black athletes being negatively affected by racial pressure from mostly non-Black audiences. We control for player, team, and game fixed effects, and dispel alternative mechanisms. Beyond hurting individual players, racial pressure causes significant economic damage to NBA teams by lowering the performance of top athletes and the quality of the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In utero exposure to violence and child health in Iraq 伊拉克宫内暴力与儿童健康
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7
Sulin Sardoschau
{"title":"In utero exposure to violence and child health in Iraq","authors":"Sulin Sardoschau","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of exposure to violence during pregnancy on anthropometric and cognitive outcomes of children in the medium run. I combine detailed household-level data on more than 36,000 children with geo-coded information on civilian casualties in the aftermath of the US invasion of Iraq between 2003 and 2009 and exploit within-mother differences in prenatal exposure to violence. I find that one violent incident during pregnancy decreases height- and weight-for-age z-scores by 0.13 standard deviations and lowers cognitive and behavioral skills of children. Leveraging information on the severity, type and perpetrator of violence, I isolate the effect of stress from access to prenatal care. The analysis reveals that stressful events, particularly those involving direct threats to personal safety (violence directed at the civilian population and involving execution and torture), exert an even larger negative impact on child health than those incidents that disrupt health infrastructure and access to prenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140303303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Middle-run educational impacts of comprehensive early childhood interventions: evidence from a pioneer program in Chile 儿童早期综合干预措施的中期教育影响：来自智利先驱计划的证据
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0
{"title":"Middle-run educational impacts of comprehensive early childhood interventions: evidence from a pioneer program in Chile","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This paper analyzes the impact of comprehensive and universal early childhood development programs on educational outcomes during middle childhood. I exploit the birth eligibility cutoff of a pioneer intervention of this type in Chile and use administrative data on grade point averages and standardized test scores. Program exposure raises standardized math scores by 1.8% of a standard deviation, standardized reading scores by 4.0% of a standard deviation, and grade point averages by 0.03% of a standard deviation. I find that socioeconomically vulnerable children benefit less from program exposure. The educational marginal value of public funds indicates that the program is beneficial overall and pays for itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Banning the purchase of sex increases cases of rape: evidence from Sweden 禁止购买性服务会增加强奸案：来自瑞典的证据
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2
Riccardo Ciacci
{"title":"Banning the purchase of sex increases cases of rape: evidence from Sweden","authors":"Riccardo Ciacci","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-00984-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper leverages the timing of a ban on the purchase of sex to assess its impact on rape offenses. Relying on Swedish high-frequency data from 1997 to 2014, I find that the ban increases the number of rapes by around 44–62%. The results are robust to several econometric specifications that exploit different identification assumptions. The increase reflects a boost in completed rapes both in the short- and long-run. However, it is not accompanied by a decrease in the number of pimps. Taken together, the empirical evidence hints at the notion that the rise in rapes is not connected to the supply of prostitution but rather to changes in the demand for prostitution due to the ban. The results here have the opposite sign but larger magnitudes in absolute value than results in the literature on the decriminalization of prostitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is longer maternal care always beneficial? The impact of a 4-year paid parental leave 延长产妇护理时间是否总是有益的？4 年带薪育儿假的影响
IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Population Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1
{"title":"Is longer maternal care always beneficial? The impact of a 4-year paid parental leave","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-024-01010-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>We study the impact of an extension of paid family leave in the Czech Republic from 3 to 4 years on children’s long-term outcomes. We find that an additional year of maternal care at age 3 has an adverse effect on children’s human capital investments and labor market attachment. Affected children are 6 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in college and 4 percentage points more likely to be not in education, employment, or training (NEET) at age 21–22. While the negative impact on education is persistent, with an 8 percentage points lower probability of completing college by the age of 27, the effect on NEET is short-lived. The results are driven by children of low-educated mothers, whose education and NEET outcomes are affected by as much as 12 percentage points. Our findings are consistent with previously documented positive effects of universal childcare on child long-term outcomes and with the fact that the extended maternal care induced by the extension of family leave led to a postponement of public kindergarten enrollment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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