{"title":"De l’arabe dialectal dans un manuscrit de l’époque almohade","authors":"Nadia Kaaouas","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0199","url":null,"abstract":"La présente communication propose de présenter la situation sociolinguistique au Maroc, mettant en avant la coexistence traditionnelle de deux langues, l’arabe dialectal et l’arabe classique, avec le concept de diglossie. Cependant, je suggère que cette vision soit nuancée, car ces langues n’assurent plus les fonctions communicatives définies par la diglossie canonique, montrant des mélanges, des alternances et des imbrications dans les documents analysés. Pour ce faire, j’explore la cohabitation étonnante de l’arabe dialectal et de l’amazigh dans des documents historiques de la période almohade, suggérant que cette coexistence facilite la compréhension pour les utilisateurs en raison de leurs relations génétiques, de leur proximité structurelle et de leur mode de cohabitation sociolinguistique et pragmatiques liés au cadre des interactions.","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ibn Tūmart ou l’islam des Maṣmūda","authors":"Mehdi Ghouirgate","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0153","url":null,"abstract":"Dans un ouvrage publié il y a cinquante ans, Islam Observed (1971), l’anthropologue américain Clifford Geertz posa la question de l’unité supposée du monde musulman. Dans cette même optique, cet article se propose de revenir sur la geste d’un des personnages les plus controversés de l’histoire du Maghreb, à savoir le fondateur du mouvement almohade, Ibn Tūmart. Il est, en effet, soit présenté dans une visée apologétique comme le mahdī , soit par les sources d’époque mérinide comme un être rusé et sanguinaire, prompt à manipuler un auditoire composé de ruraux aussi crédules qu’ignares. Or, dans la mesure où Ibn Tūmart fit l’essentiel de sa prédication en langue berbère auprès des populations du sud du Maġrib al-aqṣā, il est nécessaire de prendre en considération les symboles qu’il convoqua pour prêcher la bonne parole auprès des populations Maṣmūda. C’est à cette occasion que ressurgissent des croyances et des pratiques caractéristiques d’un monde où l’oralité était prépondérante. C’est un des rares moments où, si l’on s’en donne la peine, on peut discerner des réalités propres au monde berbère.","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"135 11‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les paradigmes personnels du berbère : formation et évolution","authors":"A. Allati","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0023","url":null,"abstract":"L’examen des genèses des paradigmes personnels du berbère (cf. Allati, 2022) m’a conduit à leur reconstruction que j’ai menée dans une perspective totalement différente. Pour ce faire, je me suis fondé sur les différents renseignements que nous disposons sur les stades antérieurs de cette langue (inscriptions libyques, données médiévales, vestiges de ses stades antérieurs conservés dans les berbères moderne et actuel) et sur les comparaisons avec les autres groupes afro-asiatiques.","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Argan as a substratum word","authors":"Lameen Souag","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Colloque international L’amazighe/berbère du nord du maroc : aspects linguistiques Tétouan 27, 28 et 29 octobre 2022","authors":"Abdellaziz Allati, O. Ould-Braham","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ibn Khaldûn, une source historique majeure l’apport du Kitâb al-‘Ibar à la connaissance de l’ethnonymie berbère","authors":"A. M’charek","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0223","url":null,"abstract":"L’« édition Chabbouh » du Kitâb al-‘Bar (ou Livre des Exemples ) d’Ibn Khaldûn (Tunis, 2006-2015) a mis à la disposition des chercheurs une copie du « manuscrit du Caire » (conservé à Istanbul), qui comporte les signes diacritiques et les digrammes (éléments essentiels pour l’étude de la phonétique berbère). Les chapitres berbères de cet ouvrage contiennent en outre une information précieuse sur les grandes tribus berbères attestées par les sources médiévales (Kutâma, Sanhâja, Haouara, Zanâta, Maghrâwa…). Dans la substantielle notice consacrée aux Zanâta par exemple, l’auteur du XIV e siècle explique l’étymologie de l’ethnonyme porté par ce peuple (nom de l’ancêtre éponyme, Jâna, et le paradigme onomastique qui en découle : Zâna/Zanat, Iznaten et Zanata) ; de même qu’il y souligne l’antiquité du peuplement zénète en donnant les aires d’habitat de ses principales branches tribales (Jarâwa, Maghrâwa, Banu Ifren). L’examen croisé des sources antiques et médiévales a permis de montrer le bien-fondé du témoignage d’Ibn Khaldûn (identification du pays zénète de l’Aurès depuis la principauté des Avares (Haouara) et Dianenses ( Zanâta ) dans l’Aurès et le Hodna, attestée par les sources latines du V e siècle (Victor de Vita notamment). Parce qu’il contient les clés de l’ethnonymie berbère, le maître-livre d’Ibn Khaldûn constitue, selon moi, une source incontournable pour l’étude de la continuité du peuplement au Maghreb, de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge (une continuité déjà établie pour des dizaines d’ethnonymes libyco-berbères grâce aux résultats récents de la recherche spécialisée).","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Las lenguas de la toponimia de Marruecos","authors":"Hassan Akioud","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linguistic and archaeological evidence for Berber prehistory","authors":"R. Blench, K. Williamson","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0063","url":null,"abstract":"The Berber languages are relatively well-studied, and it is possible to explore their geographical extent today and in the past, and also reconstruct basic and cultural vocabulary which can be attributed to speakers of protoBerber. However, there is a major problem reconciling this with textual and archaeological evidence. The protoBerber we can reconstruct seems to be far to recent to match what we know from other evidence; indeed it seems to reach back to period as late as 200 AD. Textual evidence (and Canarian inscriptions) point to a period prior to 400 BC, while the most credible archaeological correlate would be the spread of pastoralism across the Sahara, pointing to the period 5-4000 BP. The paper explores this disjunction and suggests the underlying reason for it is massive language levelling in the period after 0 AD. In other words, the original speakers of Berber did indeed spread out westwards from the Nile Valley, 5-4000 years ago, but the diversity which evolved in this period was eliminated by a sociolinguistic processes which levelled divergent speech forms. Historical linguists have been wary of invoking such process until recently, but evidence is mounting for their importance in many and varied cultures, including China, Borneo and Madagascar. Hypotheses are evaluated to explain the Berber situation and it is suggested that a combination of the introduction of the camel and the establishment of the Roman limes were the key factors in creating this linguistic bottleneck. Roger Blench Berber prehistory. Circulated for comment","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction of the Proto-Berber Light Verbs","authors":"Marijn van Putten","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"56 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Maison des Sciences Numériques (LaMSN) Constitution d’une équipe-projet","authors":"O. Ould-Braham, J. Vion-Dury","doi":"10.3917/edb.049.0419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.049.0419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":479793,"journal":{"name":"Études et documents berbères","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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