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The effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on the body weight and lifestyle behaviors of U.S. adults COVID-19 封锁对美国成年人体重和生活方式行为的影响
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12679
Jaesang Sung, Will Davis, Qihua Qiu
{"title":"The effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on the body weight and lifestyle behaviors of U.S. adults","authors":"Jaesang Sung, Will Davis, Qihua Qiu","doi":"10.1002/soej.12679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12679","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated policies may have impacted body weight and related lifestyle behaviors. Using 2017–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we estimate the effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on Body Mass Index (BMI) and the probability of obesity among adults in the United States. Our triple‐differences approach, using recent pre‐pandemic years as counterfactuals, identifies statistically significant lockdown‐induced increases in body weight. Event study results highlight a lagged effect of lockdown on body weight, with BMI increases manifesting 2 months post‐lockdown. These effects are particularly pronounced among non‐white adults, low‐income individuals, females, and metropolitan residents. The lockdown's impact on mental health, a potential mechanism driving BMI increases, is concentrated among non‐white, low‐income adults. We observe potential post‐lockdown changes in diet and sedentary behaviors, evidenced by increased Google searches for high‐calorie foods, food delivery apps, and video streaming. Google searches related to healthy habits, such as exercise, yield mixed results.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor force effects of Medicaid and Marketplace expansions: Variation by gender, parental status, and household structure 医疗补助和市场扩张对劳动力的影响：不同性别、父母状况和家庭结构的差异
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12678
Makayla Lavender, Emily Johnston
{"title":"Labor force effects of Medicaid and Marketplace expansions: Variation by gender, parental status, and household structure","authors":"Makayla Lavender, Emily Johnston","doi":"10.1002/soej.12678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12678","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit the Affordable Care Act (ACA)'s Medicaid expansion's labor market effects and build upon it by estimating effects of subsidized Marketplace insurance. Using American Community Survey data, we jointly model the effects of Medicaid and Marketplace expansion on labor force outcomes using simulated eligibility measures. Throughout our analysis, we focus on heterogeneity by gender, parental status, and single versus two‐headed households. Consequently, this is the first paper presenting labor outcomes of the ACA among women with children, an important group, which may be particularly responsive to increased flexibility in meeting income, childcare, and insurance needs. Even among women, we find little evidence that Medicaid eligibility reduced labor force participation. Any significant reductions among women are small in magnitude and not well corroborated by placebo tests. Alternatively, women with children gaining Marketplace eligibility had statistically significant reductions in labor force participation, reductions in hours, and increases in part‐time work.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic fluctuations and mortality in Canada revisited 加拿大经济波动与死亡率再研究
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12684
Zuzana Janko, Gurleen Popli
{"title":"Economic fluctuations and mortality in Canada revisited","authors":"Zuzana Janko, Gurleen Popli","doi":"10.1002/soej.12684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12684","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses panel data for Canada from 1976 to 2018, across 10 provinces, to reassess the relationship between mortality rates and economic fluctuations. The key contribution of our paper lies in examining the extent to which this relationship is driven by the employment rate (extensive margin) versus average hours worked (intensive margin). We find evidence of procyclical mortality for females at the aggregate level; aggregate male mortality remains largely unaffected by economic fluctuations. Our findings also reveal temporal heterogeneity, as the extensive margin becomes the driving force for female mortality rates during the more recent period (1990 onwards). These findings remain robust when accounting for personal income and pollution. Finally, we find some support for a procyclical relationship for individuals in the working age groups, while mortality exhibits a countercyclical pattern for children (age 0 to 14) and the elderly (age 65 and above).","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aging in style: Seniority and sentiment in scholarly writing 风格老化：学术写作中的资历与情感
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12683
Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Daniel S. Hamermesh
{"title":"Aging in style: Seniority and sentiment in scholarly writing","authors":"Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Daniel S. Hamermesh","doi":"10.1002/soej.12683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12683","url":null,"abstract":"The scholarly impact of academic research matters for academic promotions, influence, relevance to public policy, and others. Focusing on writing style in top-level professional journals, we examine how it changes with age, and how stylistic differences and age affect impact. As top-level scholars age, their writing style increasingly differs from others'. The impact (measured by citations) of each contribution decreases, due to the direct effect of age and the much smaller indirect effects through style. Authors who grew up outside North America or the United Kingdom write in different styles from others, in ways that reduce the impact of their research. Nobel laureates' scholarly writing evinces less certainty about the conclusions of their research than that of other highly productive scholars.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Certifiably employable? Occupational regulation and unemployment duration 可认证就业？职业规范和失业期限
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12677
Ilya Kukaev, Edward J. Timmons
{"title":"Certifiably employable? Occupational regulation and unemployment duration","authors":"Ilya Kukaev, Edward J. Timmons","doi":"10.1002/soej.12677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12677","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational regulation is a labor market institution that has received a growing amount of attention. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the relationship between occupational credentials and unemployment duration in the United States. Thus, we propose a random search model to explain differences in unemployment duration resulting from heterogeneous effects from licenses and certification. Our model predicts that an occupational credential with a stronger signaling/human capital effect results in a shorter individual unemployment duration. To estimate the relationship between occupational credentials and spells of unemployment, we perform a survival analysis using panel data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) for the years 2013–2019. We find that both licensing and certification are associated with reductions in unemployment spells for Black males that are similar in magnitude. Our results provide some suggestive guidance to policymakers since certification is less costly and not mandatory like occupational licensing.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can high-skilled immigrants transfer their human capital to the United States? 高技能移民能否将其人力资本转移到美国？
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12681
Bin Xie
{"title":"Can high-skilled immigrants transfer their human capital to the United States?","authors":"Bin Xie","doi":"10.1002/soej.12681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12681","url":null,"abstract":"Using the National Survey of College Graduates, this study examines the return to pre- and post-migration human capital of high-skilled immigrants in the United States to provide an empirical evaluation of their skill transferability. I find that, on average, high-skilled immigrants exhibit no wage return to foreign work experience, yet they demonstrate a relatively substantial return to foreign education. Delving into the heterogeneity across gender, occupation, and entry visa categories reveals the subsequent insights: female immigrants transfer less foreign experience and education than males; STEM immigrants are more adept at transferring foreign work experience than their non-STEM counterparts; temporary work visa holders exhibit a heightened ability to transfer work experience, while green card and dependent visa holders have limited transferability of foreign work experience. Lastly, English proficiency is positively associated with the transferability of work experience.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic freedom and growth, income, investment, and inequality: A quantitative summary of the literature 经济自由与增长、收入、投资和不平等：文献定量总结
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12680
Robert Lawson, Vincent Miozzi, Meg Tuszynski
{"title":"Economic freedom and growth, income, investment, and inequality: A quantitative summary of the literature","authors":"Robert Lawson, Vincent Miozzi, Meg Tuszynski","doi":"10.1002/soej.12680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12680","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the published estimates on the relationship between economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index, and measures of growth, income, investment, and inequality. We obtained 696 point estimates for economic freedom-growth from 54 articles, 386 estimates for economic freedom-income from 23 articles, 343 estimates for economic freedom-investment from 32 articles, and 759 estimates for economic freedom-inequality from 26 articles. The published estimates support the view that economic freedom is positively related to growth, income, and investment. The level of economic freedom appears to be simply unrelated to inequality, though increases in economic freedom may correlate with higher inequality.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Southern Economic Association® 94th Annual Meeting November 23–25, 2024, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC 南方经济协会第 94 届年会 2024 年 11 月 23-25 日，华盛顿希尔顿酒店，华盛顿特区
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12676
{"title":"Southern Economic Association® 94th Annual Meeting November 23–25, 2024, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/soej.12676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Bayesian analysis of e-cigarette risk perceptions in the United Kingdom 对英国电子烟风险认知的贝叶斯分析
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12674
W. Kip Viscusi
{"title":"A Bayesian analysis of e-cigarette risk perceptions in the United Kingdom","authors":"W. Kip Viscusi","doi":"10.1002/soej.12674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12674","url":null,"abstract":"Public Health England has communicated that e-cigarettes provide at least a 95% risk reduction compared to conventional cigarettes. This article's survey evidence indicates that adults in the United Kingdom believe that e-cigarettes are only 30%–40% safer overall and that they reduce lung cancer risks and total mortality risks by a similar percentage. A Bayesian analysis of risk beliefs finds that e-cigarette risk perceptions are anchored on prior cigarette risk beliefs. The public, especially smokers, underestimates the magnitude of the risk reduction being communicated by public health officials. Those who are aware of e-cigarette messages from Public Health England assess lower risks of e-cigarettes, but they still underestimate the relative risk reduction. Even people with favorable qualitative beliefs about the harm reduction provided by e-cigarettes overestimate the riskiness of e-cigarettes.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138679875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does economic freedom influence public health? Evidence from U.S. cities 经济自由如何影响公共健康？来自美国城市的证据
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12673
Justin Callais, Kelly Hyde, I. Murtazashvili, Yang Zhou
{"title":"How does economic freedom influence public health? Evidence from U.S. cities","authors":"Justin Callais, Kelly Hyde, I. Murtazashvili, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/soej.12673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12673","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is substantial agreement how microeconomic forces—income, risk aversion—shape public health outcomes, there is substantial disagreement about the relationship between macroeconomic forces—market liberalization and economic freedom—on public health. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between public health, economic freedom, and wealth using a large sample of metropolitan‐level data from the United States. We find that economic freedom does have a statistically significant and positive impact on general, physical, and mental health, but the overall results are small in magnitude. When we disaggregate the three areas of economic freedom, we find that areas with lower government spending and freer labor markets have the strongest positive effect on physical and mental health. However, our results are strongest for the richest group of respondents, suggesting that the economic freedom‐health relationship is perhaps indirect, and shown through income.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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