Colleen Josephson, Nicola Peill-Moelter, Zhelong Pan, Ben Pfaff, Victor Firoiu
{"title":"The Sky is Not the Limit: Untapped Opportunities for Green Computing","authors":"Colleen Josephson, Nicola Peill-Moelter, Zhelong Pan, Ben Pfaff, Victor Firoiu","doi":"10.1145/3630614.3630621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630614.3630621","url":null,"abstract":"The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry emits as much carbon as the aviation industry [11], and if we continue business as usual our share of emissions will grow manyfold in the coming decade [30]. At the same time, more and more businesses are making commitments to be zero carbon or carbon neutral by 2050 or sooner. The path to zero carbon ICT has four key pillars: prioritizing renewable energy, using resources like power and water more efficiently, addressing embodied carbon, and removing institutional barriers. We discuss from a broad industry perspective the challenges and opportunities within each pillar, as well as the role ICT can play in helping other industries achieve zero carbon goals.","PeriodicalId":479448,"journal":{"name":"Energy informatics review","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dirty Secret of SSDs: Embodied Carbon","authors":"Swamit Tannu, Prashant J. Nair","doi":"10.1145/3630614.3630616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630614.3630616","url":null,"abstract":"Scalable Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have ushered in a transformative era in data storage and accessibility, spanning both data centers and portable devices. However, the strides made in scaling this technology can bear significant environmental consequences. On a global scale, a notable portion of semiconductor manufacturing relies on electricity derived from coal and natural gas sources. A striking example of this is the manufacturing process for a single Gigabyte of Flash memory, which emits approximately 0.16 Kg of CO 2 - a considerable fraction of the total carbon emissions attributed to the system. Remarkably, the manufacturing of storage devices alone contributed to an estimated 20 million metric tonnes of CO 2 emissions in the year 2021. In light of these environmental concerns, this paper delves into an analysis of the sustainability trade-offs inherent in Solid-State Drives (SSDs) when compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). Moreover, this study proposes methodologies to gauge the embodied carbon costs associated with storage systems effectively. The research encompasses four key strategies to enhance the sustainability of storage systems. Firstly, the paper offers insightful guidance for selecting the most suitable storage medium, be it SSDs or HDDs, considering the broader ecological impact. Secondly, the paper advocates for implementing techniques that extend the lifespan of SSDs, thereby mitigating premature replacements and their attendant environmental toll. Thirdly, the paper emphasizes the need for efficient recycling and reuse of high-density multi-level cell-based SSDs, underscoring the significance of minimizing electronic waste. Lastly, for handheld devices, the paper underscores the potential of harnessing the elasticity offered by cloud storage solutions as a means to curtail the ecological repercussions of localized data storage. In summation, this study critically addresses the embodied carbon issues associated with SSDs, comparing them with HDDs, and proposes a comprehensive framework of strategies to enhance the sustainability of storage systems.","PeriodicalId":479448,"journal":{"name":"Energy informatics review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136167811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Anderson, Adam Belay, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Asaf Cidon, Irene Zhang
{"title":"Treehouse: A Case For Carbon-Aware Datacenter Software","authors":"Thomas Anderson, Adam Belay, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Asaf Cidon, Irene Zhang","doi":"10.1145/3630614.3630626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3630614.3630626","url":null,"abstract":"The end of Dennard scaling and the slowing of Moore's Law has put the energy use of datacenters on an unsustainable path. Datacenters are already a significant fraction of worldwide electricity use, with application demand scaling at a rapid rate. We argue that substantial reductions in the carbon intensity of datacenter computing are possible with a software-centric approach: by making energy and carbon visible to application developers on a fine-grained basis, by modifying system APIs to make it possible to make informed trade offs between performance and carbon emissions, and by raising the level of application programming to allow for flexible use of more energy efficient means of compute and storage. We also lay out a research agenda for systems software to reduce the carbon footprint of datacenter computing.","PeriodicalId":479448,"journal":{"name":"Energy informatics review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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