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Revisiting Quebec's Quiet Revolution: A synthetic control analysis 重新审视魁北克的平静革命：一个综合控制分析
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1111/caje.70000
Vincent Geloso, Chandler S. Reilly
{"title":"Revisiting Quebec's Quiet Revolution: A synthetic control analysis","authors":"Vincent Geloso,&nbsp;Chandler S. Reilly","doi":"10.1111/caje.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 1960 is often presented as a break year in the economic history of Quebec and Canada. It is used to mark the beginning of the “Quiet Revolution” during which Canada's French-speaking province of Quebec underwent rapid socio-economic change in the form of rapid economic convergence with the rest of Canada and the emergence of a more expansive state (more so than in the rest of Canada). Using synthetic control methods, we analyze whether 1960 is associated with a departure from previous developments. With regards to GDP per capita, GDP per worker, household-size adjusted income, real wages and enrolment rates in primary and secondary schools, we find that 1960 was not an important date. For all macroeconomic indicators and enrolment rates, the counterfactual scenarios do not significantly differ from the actual data. For life expectancy at birth and completed schooling outcomes by schooling cohorts, we find that 1960 did mark a significant departure—albeit a modest one. We also find signs that size of government changed markedly after 1960. Shifting to other methods such as panel approach or time series strategy do not alter these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 2","pages":"548-579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking the impact of US free trade agreements on industries with a synthetic control approach 以综合管控方式释放美国自由贸易协定对各行业的影响
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/caje.70002
Sang-Wook (Stanley) Cho, Hansoo Choi
{"title":"Unlocking the impact of US free trade agreements on industries with a synthetic control approach","authors":"Sang-Wook (Stanley) Cho,&nbsp;Hansoo Choi","doi":"10.1111/caje.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the industry-level effects of the FTAs that the United States signed with Chile, Australia and the Dominican Republic between 2004 and 2007. Employing a synthetic control approach, we uncover heterogeneity in post-FTA export growth across countries and industries. The study reveals that only a limited subset of industries in the US, which contributed to roughly one seventh of pre-FTA exports, experienced post-FTA export gains. No single industry consistently benefited from the FTAs with all three partners. This heterogeneity is present in countries where FTA-induced aggregate export growth is absent, as well as in those where only a few industries drive the aggregate export growth. Export increases were also concentrated in a limited range of products. Notably, only exports to Chile led to increased export intensity and diversification at both the aggregate and industry levels. These findings, robust to various specifications and estimation methods, highlight the substantial variation in FTA effects across industries and partner countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 2","pages":"716-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/caje.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Going green in China: Firms' responses to stricter environmental regulations 中国走向绿色：企业对更严格的环境法规的反应
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12756
Haichao Fan, Joshua Graff Zivin, Zonglai Kou, Xueyue Liu, Huanhuan Wang
{"title":"Going green in China: Firms' responses to stricter environmental regulations","authors":"Haichao Fan,&nbsp;Joshua Graff Zivin,&nbsp;Zonglai Kou,&nbsp;Xueyue Liu,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wang","doi":"10.1111/caje.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper finds that major 2006 Chinese environmental reforms creating mandatory emission reduction targets led firms to significantly reduce emissions, especially for firms in more polluting industries. A decomposition of the overall effect shows that firms relied primarily on technology upgrading (75.3%) rather than output cuts (24.7%) in meeting the regulatory changes. The driving forces for this “technique effect” are more water recycling and abatement device adoption. While polluting firms did not increase their green innovation, local equipment manufacturers—likely suppliers—did significantly increase green water patent applications, indicating an expanded environmental service market effect. Tests on firms' economic responses provide more evidence for an “internal” variant of the pollution haven hypothesis because firms' profit, capital, employment, market shares, and entry were all negatively affected by the more stringent regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"385-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automation and asymmetric international spillovers of technological shocks 自动化和技术冲击的不对称国际溢出效应
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12761
Shohei Momoda, Takayuki Ogawa, Ryosuke Shimizu
{"title":"Automation and asymmetric international spillovers of technological shocks","authors":"Shohei Momoda,&nbsp;Takayuki Ogawa,&nbsp;Ryosuke Shimizu","doi":"10.1111/caje.12761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines international spillover effects of technological shocks using a dynamic open economy model in which production tasks are automated by robots. A concentration of robot production in a few countries worldwide is essential to understanding automation advances and robot price declines in a globalized economy. Technological improvements in robot-producing countries decrease world robot prices and affect automation advances in other countries specializing in non-robot production; however, the reverse is not true. The welfare effects are also asymmetric and depend on the type of technological shocks. For example, by improving the productivity of investment in robots, the non-robot producing countries suffer from the deteriorated terms of trade and may become worse off depending on the global wealth distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 2","pages":"642-689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How protective are border carbon taxes for Canadian industry? The critical role of US emissions pricing 边境碳税对加拿大工业的保护作用有多大？美国排放定价的关键作用
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12753
Christoph Böhringer, Thomas F. Rutherford, Eric Stewart
{"title":"How protective are border carbon taxes for Canadian industry? The critical role of US emissions pricing","authors":"Christoph Böhringer,&nbsp;Thomas F. Rutherford,&nbsp;Eric Stewart","doi":"10.1111/caje.12753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Border carbon taxes are considered as an important instrument to promote sustainable practices abroad and to level the playing field for domestic emission-intensive and trade-exposed (EITE) industries. We find that US emissions pricing plays a critical role in the effectiveness of border carbon taxes in protecting the international competitiveness of Canadian EITE producers. Border carbon taxes are more effective when the US follows the other OECD countries with stringent CO<sub>2</sub> emissions pricing than when the US abstains from emissions pricing. In the latter case, border carbon taxes reduce the competitiveness of Canadian EITE export supply to the US (Canada's most important export destination), weakening the initial protective effect of border carbon taxes on the Canadian domestic market.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"4-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Product differentiation, demand expansion and the welfare effects of cross-ownership 产品差异化、需求扩张与交叉所有制的福利效应
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12759
Swapnendu Banerjee, Arijit Mukherjee, Sougata Poddar
{"title":"Product differentiation, demand expansion and the welfare effects of cross-ownership","authors":"Swapnendu Banerjee,&nbsp;Arijit Mukherjee,&nbsp;Sougata Poddar","doi":"10.1111/caje.12759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We show the effects of cross-ownership on product differentiation, consumer surplus and welfare under Cournot and Bertrand competition. Under Cournot competition, cross-ownership increases (decreases) product differentiation if demand expansion following product differentiation is large (small). Under Bertrand competition, cross-ownership may increase or decrease product differentiation regardless of the demand expansion effect of product differentiation. Cross-ownership may increase consumer surplus and welfare under both Cournot and Bertrand competition. Demand expansion following product differentiation and the type of product market competition play important roles for the effects of cross-ownership in an industry with endogenous product differentiation. We also show that Cournot competition may create higher consumer surplus and welfare compared with Bertrand competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"193-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/caje.12759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behaviour-based pricing with overlapping ownership 基于行为的重叠所有权定价
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12758
Changying Li, Jianhu Zhang
{"title":"Behaviour-based pricing with overlapping ownership","authors":"Changying Li,&nbsp;Jianhu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/caje.12758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research has extensively explored why firms use their consumer information to price discriminate between repeat and new customers. This paper incorporates overlapping ownership and explores a more nuanced explanation for the practice. We isolate the different and interactive effects of overlapping ownership in different periods on equilibrium outcomes. In our explanation, firms use overlapping ownership to increase repeat purchase and customer retention and therefore may charge higher prices for both repeat and new customers, when they choose behaviour-based pricing rather than uniform pricing. As a result, if the degree of overlapping ownership is not too small, behaviour-based pricing benefits firms but hurts consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"136-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the heterogeneous effects of sanctions on trade 关于制裁对贸易的不同影响
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12754
Gabriel Felbermayr, Constantinos Syropoulos, Erdal Yalcin, Yoto V. Yotov
{"title":"On the heterogeneous effects of sanctions on trade","authors":"Gabriel Felbermayr,&nbsp;Constantinos Syropoulos,&nbsp;Erdal Yalcin,&nbsp;Yoto V. Yotov","doi":"10.1111/caje.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the help of a new, comprehensive sanctions database and utilizing the latest developments in the structural gravity literature, we estimate the effects of economic sanctions on international trade. We demonstrate that the average effects of sanctions hide significant heterogeneity depending on the type of sanctions considered, their duration, objectives and sender types. We also zoom in on the sanctions against Iran. We find that their effects are significant but also widely heterogeneous across sanctioning countries, even within the European Union, and depend on the direction of trade. We complement the aggregate analysis with estimates for 170 sectors, showing that sanctions have been effective in decreasing bilateral trade at the sectoral level while the effects vary significantly across sectors and across complete versus partial trade sanctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"247-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The economics of Canadian immigration levels 加拿大移民水平的经济学
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12760
Matthew Doyle, Mikal Skuterud, Christopher Worswick
{"title":"The economics of Canadian immigration levels","authors":"Matthew Doyle,&nbsp;Mikal Skuterud,&nbsp;Christopher Worswick","doi":"10.1111/caje.12760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12760","url":null,"abstract":"<p>If immigration can benefit the Canadian economy, but must be limited to realize the benefit, what is the optimal level? The Canadian government is increasing immigration rates to levels not reached since the 1920s in the hope of addressing labour shortages and sluggish economic growth. We argue that economic immigration in the Canadian context should aim to raise GDP per capita in the population, including the newcomers, and examine the potential for increases in Canadian immigration rates to achieve this objective. Our analysis suggests that Canada is not well positioned to leverage heightened immigration to increase GDP per capita owing primarily to weak capital investment and quantity–quality tradeoffs in immigrant selection. We propose a policy rule for defining the optimal level of economic immigration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"109-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welfare improving common ownership in successive oligopolies: The role of the input market 连续寡头垄断中提高公有制的福利：投入市场的作用
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12751
Toshihiro Matsumura, X. Henry Wang, Chenhang Zeng
{"title":"Welfare improving common ownership in successive oligopolies: The role of the input market","authors":"Toshihiro Matsumura,&nbsp;X. Henry Wang,&nbsp;Chenhang Zeng","doi":"10.1111/caje.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the welfare consequences of common ownership in a successive vertical oligopoly, in which upstream firms produce a homogeneous input and compete in quantities, while downstream firms produce differentiated final products and compete either in quantities or prices. Common ownership in both markets internalizes a negative horizontal externality and a positive vertical externality. The interaction between these externalities shapes market outcomes. Our main results are summarized as follows. If the downstream market is monopolized, common ownership always improves welfare. However, if the upstream market is monopolized, common ownership benefits welfare under Bertrand competition but harms it under Cournot competition when the downstream market is competitive. Further, greater upstream competition weakens the pro-competitive effect. Under Bertrand (Cournot) competition, common ownership harms welfare unless the upstream is (both upstream and downstream markets are) highly concentrated. These results suggest that whether common ownership benefits consumers and social welfare is crucially dependent on the competitiveness of upstream and downstream markets and the competition mode in the downstream market.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"58 1","pages":"169-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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