InfancyPub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1111/infa.12563
Amy R. Smith, Casey M. McGregor, Katelyn Carr, Leonard H. Epstein, Catherine Serwatka, Rocco Paluch, Jacqueline Piazza, Shannon Shisler, Kai Ling Kong
{"title":"The impact of a music enrichment program during infancy and early toddlerhood on effortful control at age 3: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Amy R. Smith, Casey M. McGregor, Katelyn Carr, Leonard H. Epstein, Catherine Serwatka, Rocco Paluch, Jacqueline Piazza, Shannon Shisler, Kai Ling Kong","doi":"10.1111/infa.12563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effortful control (EC), a self-regulation skill, is associated with long-term developmental outcomes. Music has been associated with infant self-regulation and may be an intervention strategy for enhancing EC during toddlerhood. This investigation included 32 parent-child dyads from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants (9-15-months old at baseline) attended either a music enrichment program or a playdate control once a week for 1 year and monthly for an additional year. At age 3, participants completed snack and gift delay effortful control tasks. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. We found that participants in the music group had a significantly higher score during snack delay (music mean = 3.47 ± 0.94; control mean = 2.45 ± 1.51; <i>p</i> = 0.03; Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.84). We did not find a significant group difference for latency to peek (music mean = 39.10 ± 20.10; control mean = 30.90 ± 19.88; <i>p</i> = 0.25; <i>d</i> = 0.57) or latency to touch (music mean = 105.73 ± 417.69; control mean = 98.35 ± 28.84; <i>p</i> = 0.38; <i>d</i> = 0.29) for the gift task. This study provides initial evidence that early participation in a music enrichment program may benefit later development of EC. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02936284).</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1111/infa.12562
Serene Siow, Nicola A. Gillen, Irina Lepădatu, Kim Plunkett
{"title":"Double it up: Vocabulary size comparisons between UK bilingual and monolingual toddlers","authors":"Serene Siow, Nicola A. Gillen, Irina Lepădatu, Kim Plunkett","doi":"10.1111/infa.12562","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compared vocabulary sizes in comprehension and production between bilingual toddlers growing up in the United Kingdom (UK) and age-matched UK English monolinguals (12–36 months old) using parent-report vocabulary questionnaires. We found that bilingual toddlers' vocabulary sizes in English were smaller than the vocabulary sizes of their monolingual peers. Notably, this vocabulary gap was not found when groups were compared on conceptual vocabulary in comprehension. Conceptual scoring also reduced the vocabulary gap in production but group differences were still significant. Bilingual toddlers knew more words than monolinguals when words across their two languages were added together, for both comprehension and production. This large total vocabulary size could be attributed to a high proportion of doublets (cross-linguistic word pairs with the same meaning) in bilinguals' vocabularies. These findings are discussed in relation to language exposure, facilitation from cross-linguistic overlap and maturation constraints on vocabulary size.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1111/infa.12561
Tiago Miguel Pinto, Bárbara Figueiredo
{"title":"Positive coparenting previous to the COVID-19 pandemic can buffer regulatory problems in infants facing the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Tiago Miguel Pinto, Bárbara Figueiredo","doi":"10.1111/infa.12561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coparenting can be a development-enhancing or risk-promoting environment for infant regulatory capacity, mainly in the presence of adversity. This study aimed to analyze the association between positive and negative coparenting previous to the COVID-19 pandemic and infant regulatory capacity in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic, an adverse condition. A sample of 71 first-born infants and their mothers and fathers from a longitudinal cohort in Portugal were assessed at 2 weeks postpartum before the COVID-19 pandemic and again at 6 months postpartum, before (<i>n</i> = 35) or during the COVID-19 pandemic (<i>n</i> = 36). Parents completed measures of positive and negative coparenting and infant regulatory capacity in both assessment waves. Results revealed that the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic moderates the association between mothers' and fathers' positive coparenting previous to the COVID-19 pandemic and infant regulatory capacity at 6 months. The association between positive coparenting and regulatory capacity was stronger in infants facing the COVID-19 pandemic, than in infants who did not face the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive coparenting previous to the COVID-19 pandemic may be a development-enhancing environment for infant regulatory capacity in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive coparenting may buffer regulatory problems in infants facing adverse conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1111/infa.12560
Ebru Ger, Aylin C. Küntay, Sura Ertaş, Sümeyye Koşkulu-Sancar, Ulf Liszkowski
{"title":"Correlates of infant pointing frequency in the first year","authors":"Ebru Ger, Aylin C. Küntay, Sura Ertaş, Sümeyye Koşkulu-Sancar, Ulf Liszkowski","doi":"10.1111/infa.12560","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the emergence of concurrent correlates of infant pointing frequency with the aim of contributing to its ontogenetic theories. We measured monthly from 8 to 12 months infants' (<i>N</i> = 56) index-finger pointing frequency along with several candidate correlates: (1) family socioeconomic status (SES), (2) mothers' pointing production, and (3) infants' point following to targets in front of and behind them. Results revealed that (1) infants increased their pointing frequency across age, but high-SES infants had a steeper increase, and a higher pointing frequency than low-SES infants from 10 months onward, (2) maternal pointing frequency was not associated with infant pointing frequency at any age, (3) infants' point following abilities to targets behind their visual fields was positively associated with their pointing frequency at 12 months, after pointing had already emerged around 10 months. Findings suggest that family SES impacts infants' pointing development more generally, not just through maternal pointing. The association between pointing and following points to targets behind, but not in front, suggests that a higher level of referential understanding emerges after, and perhaps through the production of pointing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1111/infa.12559
Marianne Barbu-Roth, David I. Anderson
{"title":"Evidence of tactile arm stepping in newborns and its responsiveness to optic flows specifying self-translation","authors":"Marianne Barbu-Roth, David I. Anderson","doi":"10.1111/infa.12559","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the arms participate in many forms of human locomotion, we know very little about when arm movements emerge during locomotor development. Here we investigated whether newborns would make tactile arm stepping movements when we supported them almost horizontally so their hands touched a surface and blocked their leg movements. Building off prior work showing that newborns make more crawling and air stepping leg movements when exposed to optic flows specifying forward and backward self-translation, we also examined whether newborns would make more tactile arm steps when exposed to forward and backward optic flows compared to a random optic flow that did not specify translation. We found that newborns can perform arm stepping and produce a significantly higher number of tactile arm steps in the optic flow condition specifying backward translation than in the random optic flow condition. Both translating optic flow conditions had significantly higher numbers of alternating arm steps than the random optic flow condition. These findings show that tactile arm stepping exists at birth and that optic flows can facilitate their production, similar to leg stepping. We argue that these results further support the idea that a quadrupedal organization underlies early upright stepping.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1111/infa.12558
Sura Ertaş, Sümeyye Koşkulu-Sancar, Ebru Ger, Ulf Liszkowski, Aylin C. Küntay
{"title":"Relation of infants' and mothers' pointing to infants' vocabulary measured directly and with parental reports","authors":"Sura Ertaş, Sümeyye Koşkulu-Sancar, Ebru Ger, Ulf Liszkowski, Aylin C. Küntay","doi":"10.1111/infa.12558","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infants' and parents' pointing gestures predict infants' concurrent and prospective language development. Most studies have measured vocabulary size using parental reports. However, parents tend to underestimate or overestimate infants' vocabulary necessitating the use of direct measures alongside parent reports. The present study examined whether mothers' index-finger pointing, and infants' whole-hand and index-finger pointing at 14 months associate with infants' receptive and expressive vocabulary based on parental reports and directly measured lexical processing efficiency (LPE) concurrently at 14 months and prospectively at 18 months. We used the decorated room paradigm to measure pointing frequency, the Turkish communicative development inventory I to measure infants' receptive vocabulary, Turkish communicative development inventory II to measure their expressive vocabulary, and the Looking-While-Listening (LWL) task to measure LPE. At 14 months, 34 mother-infant dyads, and at 18 months, 30 dyads were included in the analyses. We found that only infants' index-finger pointing frequency at 14 months predicted their LPE (both reaction time and accuracy) prospectively at 18 months but not concurrently at 14 months. Neither maternal pointing nor infants' pointing predicted their receptive and expressive vocabulary based on indirect measurement. The results extend the evidence on the relation between index-finger pointing and language development to a more direct measure of vocabulary.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1111/infa.12557
Amelia Yanchik, Judith M. Gardner, Bernard Z. Karmel, Peter Vietze
{"title":"Early social referencing predicts object mastery motivation in infancy: Social antecedents of object mastery motivation","authors":"Amelia Yanchik, Judith M. Gardner, Bernard Z. Karmel, Peter Vietze","doi":"10.1111/infa.12557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The researchers sought to understand the typical development of social referencing and object mastery motivation in infancy and to determine the relationship between social referencing and object mastery behaviors in infants from 7 to 22 months of age. The study included 36 infants who were followed as part of a longitudinal study of at-risk infants but were not determined to need care in the neonatal intesive care unit at birth. Both mastery behaviors of persistence and success showed a statistically significant effect of age, while social behaviors remained stable from 7 to 22 months. Social behaviors at 7 and 10 months were correlated with persistence at 22 months and success at 16 to 22 months demonstrating that early social referencing predicts object mastery behaviors in later infancy. Further research should determine if this trend extends to early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9954118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1111/infa.12556
Yeojin Amy Ahn, Itir Önal Ertuğrul, Sy-Miin Chow, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Daniel S. Messinger
{"title":"Automated measurement of infant and mother Duchenne facial expressions in the Face-to-Face/Still-Face","authors":"Yeojin Amy Ahn, Itir Önal Ertuğrul, Sy-Miin Chow, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Daniel S. Messinger","doi":"10.1111/infa.12556","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although still-face effects are well-studied, little is known about the degree to which the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF) is associated with the production of intense affective displays. Duchenne smiling expresses more intense positive affect than non-Duchenne smiling, while Duchenne cry-faces express more intense negative affect than non-Duchenne cry-faces. Forty 4-month-old infants and their mothers completed the FFSF, and key affect-indexing facial Action Units (AUs) were coded by expert Facial Action Coding System coders for the first 30 s of each FFSF episode. Computer vision software, automated facial affect recognition (AFAR), identified AUs for the entire 2-min episodes. Expert coding and AFAR produced similar infant and mother Duchenne and non-Duchenne FFSF effects, highlighting the convergent validity of automated measurement. Substantive AFAR analyses indicated that both infant Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiling declined from the FF to the SF, but only Duchenne smiling increased from the SF to the RE. In similar fashion, the magnitude of mother Duchenne smiling changes over the FFSF were 2–4 times greater than non-Duchenne smiling changes. Duchenne expressions appear to be a sensitive index of intense infant and mother affective valence that are accessible to automated measurement and may be a target for future FFSF research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1111/infa.12555
Melissa M. Kibbe, Aimee E. Stahl
{"title":"An object's categorizability impacts whether infants encode surface features into their object representations","authors":"Melissa M. Kibbe, Aimee E. Stahl","doi":"10.1111/infa.12555","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infants encode the surface features of simple, unfamiliar objects (e.g., red triangle) and the categorical identities of familiar, categorizable objects (e.g., car) into their representations of these objects. We asked whether 16–18-month-olds ignore non-diagnostic surface features (e.g., color) in favor of encoding an object's categorical identity (e.g., car) when objects are from familiar categories. In Experiment 1 (<i>n</i> = 18), we hid a categorizable object inside an opaque box. In No Switch trials, infants retrieved the object that was hidden. In Switch trials, infants retrieved a different object: an object from a different category (Between-Category-Switch trials) or a different object from the same category (Within-Category-Switch trials). We measured infants' subsequent searching in the box. Infants' pattern of searching suggested that only infants who completed a Within-Category-Switch trial as their first Switch trial encoded objects' surface features, and an exploratory analysis suggested that infants who completed a Between-Category-Switch trial as their first Switch trial only encoded objects' categories. In Experiment 2 (<i>n</i> = 18), we confirmed that these results were due to objects' categorizability. These results suggest infants may tailor the way they encode categorizable objects depending on which object dimensions are perceived to be task relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9901951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InfancyPub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1111/infa.12554
Emily Jackson, Dani Levine, Jill de Villiers, Aquiles Iglesias, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
{"title":"Assessing the language of 2 year-olds: From theory to practice","authors":"Emily Jackson, Dani Levine, Jill de Villiers, Aquiles Iglesias, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff","doi":"10.1111/infa.12554","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early screening for language problems is a priority given the importance of language for success in school and interpersonal relationships. The paucity of reliable behavioral instruments for this age group prompted the development of a new touchscreen language screener for 2-year-olds that relies on language comprehension. Developmental literature guided selection of age-appropriate markers of language disorder risk that are culturally and dialectally neutral and could be reliably assessed. Items extend beyond products of linguistic knowledge (vocabulary and syntax) and tap the <i>process</i> by which children learn language, also known as fast mapping. After piloting an extensive set of items (139), two phases of testing with over 500 children aged 2; 0–2; 11 were conducted to choose the final 40-item set. Rasch analysis was used to select the best fitting and least redundant items. Norms were created based on 270 children. Sufficient test-retest reliability, Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity with the MB-CDI and PPVT are reported. This quick behavioral measure of language capabilities could support research studies and facilitate the early detection of language problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}