Infancy最新文献

{"title":"Emergence of Neural Face Selectivity in Infants Younger Than 4 Months Old","authors":"Diane Rekow,&nbsp;Tanisha Arya,&nbsp;Duygu H. Bayir,&nbsp;Brigitte Röder","doi":"10.1111/infa.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on face-selectivity in infants under 4 months has shown mixed results, especially with rapid stimulus presentations. Here we tested whether increasing face saliency would promote face-selective responses even with brief presentation times in infants aged 4-to-6 months and younger. Using frequency-tagging EEG, we presented face and nonface stimuli at a rapid 6-Hz rate (i.e., 167 ms/stimulus), with faces appearing once per second as every 6th stimulus, therefore isolating face-selectivity at 1 Hz in the EEG spectrum. Two sets of images were presented in separate conditions: a “classic” set from previous studies and a “new” more salient set with increased luminance and size of the depicted items as well as a smoother background intending to facilitate figure-ground segregation. In Experiment 1, we validated the use of the new set to elicit high-level face-selectivity in adults (<i>N</i> = 19). Crucially, Experiment 2 demonstrated benefits from the new set for 2-to-6-month old infants (<i>N</i> = 46), with the youngest ones (2-to-4-month-olds) featuring face-selective responses only to this new set. Thus, adapting stimuli to the visual capabilities of infants uncovered earlier developmental emergence of face-selectivity to rapid visual stimulation than previously thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12924696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Decisions Regarding Digital Media Use by Their Children Under Three Years Old in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Charles Raffaele,&nbsp;Antje von Suchodoletz,&nbsp;Bruce D. Homer,&nbsp;Jessica Castelyn,&nbsp;Peter J. Johnson,&nbsp;Jan L. Plass","doi":"10.1111/infa.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As young children's digital media use increases, more research on parents' decisions, such as preferred digital content and mediation strategies, is necessary, particularly with underrepresented populations. The present study analyzed survey data on Arab parents' decisions regarding digital media use of their children under 3 years in the United Arab Emirates. Most children did not use digital media, and those who did predominantly engaged in “watching” activities. Media content focused on early learning activities and Arabic-language videos. Most parents engaged in digital media together with their child, and joint engagement was linked to less digital media use. The results suggest Arab parents' media decisions included consideration of content and an emphasis on co-using media with their children. Implications are suggested for policymakers, media developers, and parental guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking-Related Changes in Infants' Daily Experiences of Postural Transitions: A Longitudinal Assessment","authors":"Yushan Guo,&nbsp;Maximilian Tang,&nbsp;John Franchak","doi":"10.1111/infa.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postural transitions occur when infants switch from one posture to another, such as from prone to sitting. Postural transitions facilitate perceptual-motor exploration because different postures afford unique learning opportunities. However, extant studies on postural transitions are limited to laboratory play sessions, so it is unknown how frequently transitions occur in daily life. In the present study, we assessed infants' daily experiences with postural transitions. In particular, we tested whether the frequency of transitions and the type of transitions change with infants' increasing walking experience. We developed a novel video-based ecological momentary assessment (vEMA) to longitudinally collect videos of infants' activities throughout the day in their home environment at 11 and 13 months of age. We identified postural transitions in the resulting 3210 video observations collected from <i>N</i> = 44 infants across the United States, which revealed that the frequency and type of transitions differed according to walking experience. The frequency of postural transitions decreased with accumulated walking experience. Infants with greater walking experience more frequently engaged in transitions involving upright postures in their daily lives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146182955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring 12-Month-Old Infants’ Processing of Other People’s Manual Actions: A Motor Interference Paradigm","authors":"Áine Ní Choisdealbha,&nbsp;Andrew N. Meltzoff","doi":"10.1111/infa.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inferring the goals of other people’s actions is an important aspect of early social cognitive development. Using an experimental manipulation, we investigated the role of infant motor processes in the processing of action they see performed by another person. We designed a procedure in which we inhibited infants’ concurrent access to motor representations of precision grasping as they observed the reach-to-grasp action of an adult experimenter. In a within-subjects design, 48 12-month-olds watched adult reach-to-grasp actions under two conditions of hand posture in randomly-assigned order: (a) hands free and (b) hands constrained in a manner that blocked their grip formation. Infant looking times were measured as an experimenter reached toward large and small objects, using a power or precision grip type. Infants’ prior-existing fine motor skills were assessed using a standardized parental report questionnaire. Results showed that infant looking times varied as a function of the interaction between infants’ existing fine motor skill and their experimentally-manipulated access to motor representations of the action (<i>p</i> = 0.017). The better an infant’s fine motor skills, the greater the reduction in their looking to the object congruent with the actor’s grip type under the motor interference induced by hand constraint. This effect was particularly pronounced during the precision grip trials (<i>p</i> = 0.032). These findings advance our understanding of the role that infants’ self-experience plays in the processing of the manual actions of others. More generally, such results inform theories about the functional significance of action perception-production links in early human development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12894107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Time Is More than Just the Screen: Indirect Media Exposure Dominates Infants' Digital Environments","authors":"Sarah C. Kucker,&nbsp;Julie M. Schneider","doi":"10.1111/infa.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital media has become ubiquitous for families, yet little is known about how infants and toddlers are exposed to it across different contexts and demographics. Most existing research focuses narrowly on total screen time, often neglecting critical factors such as media type, user, timing, and background exposure. The current study sought to address this gap by asking 252 socioeconomically diverse caregivers of children 8–25 months about their child's media exposure, including how much, what kinds, when, by whom, and in what form digital media is used in the home. Consistent with prior work, infants averaged over 2 hours/day of direct media use but were exposed to even higher rates of indirect background TV (over 4.6 hours/day). Such background exposure represents 66%–75% of children's total TV and handheld device exposure and is significantly more common on weekends. However, there is substantial variability in children's media environments, with older infants being exposed to greater amounts and more diverse forms of media. Notably, children from lower-SES households experience more background media and caregiver phone use, which may introduce both visual and auditory distractions during key developmental periods. This study highlights that the most prominent source of media exposure early in life is not through children's personal use of devices, but rather indirect exposure through background media use, which varies widely across families. To truly capture the landscape of young children's technology exposure and the impact on development, we must consider the broader media environment, not just the screen in front of the child.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Infants: Insights From More Than 750 Scanning Sessions","authors":"Lillian Behm,&nbsp;Tristan S. Yates,&nbsp;Juliana E. Trach,&nbsp;Dawoon Choi,&nbsp;Haoyu Du,&nbsp;Camille Osumah,&nbsp;Ben Deen,&nbsp;Heather L. Kosakowski,&nbsp;Emily M. Chen,&nbsp;Frederik S. Kamps,&nbsp;Halie A. Olson,&nbsp;Cameron T. Ellis,&nbsp;Rebecca Saxe,&nbsp;Nicholas B. Turk-Browne","doi":"10.1111/infa.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake infants has the potential to reveal how the early developing brain gives rise to cognition and behavior. However, awake infant fMRI poses significant methodological challenges that have hampered wider adoption. The present work takes stock after the collection of a substantial amount of awake infant fMRI data across multiple studies from two labs, at Yale University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). These data were leveraged to glean insights on participant recruitment, experimental design, and data acquisition that could be useful to consider for future studies. Across 766 fMRI sessions with awake infants aged 1–36 months, the authors explored the factors that influenced how much usable data were obtained per session. The age of an infant predicted whether they would successfully enter the scanner (younger more likely) and, if they did enter, the number of minutes of functional data collected (linear, younger more) and retained after preprocessing with lab-specific protocols or harmonized motion exclusion thresholds (quadratic, 12–24 months more than younger and older). The amount of functional data retained was also influenced by assigned sex (female more), experimental paradigm (movies better than blocks and events), and stimulus content (social better than abstract). There were many differences in the research approach between labs making head-to-head comparisons difficult, but Yale was more likely to get infants into the scanner, MIT collected more data from infants who entered, and the amount of data retained after preprocessing did not differ statistically between labs (9 min). In addition, the authors assessed the value of attempting to collect multiple experiments per session, an approach that yielded more than one usable experiment averaging across all sessions. Although any given scan is unpredictable, these findings support the feasibility of awake infant fMRI and suggest practices to optimize future research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutual Sensitivity Between Caregivers Predicts Infant Affective State During Video Chat","authors":"Ellen C. Roche,&nbsp;Douglas J. Piper,&nbsp;Gabrielle A. Strouse,&nbsp;Lauren J. Myers,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Zosh,&nbsp;Georgene L. Troseth,&nbsp;Rachel Barr","doi":"10.1111/infa.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infancy is an extraordinary period of human development, in which babies turn sensory and environmental information into meaning in the cradle of their caregivers' affective and attentional cues. Babies express what they are thinking and feeling through smiles and gazes long before they develop expressive language. Most developmental research focuses on mother-infant dyads within a controlled lab environment, despite the complexity of young children's caregiving ecosystems, which range far beyond the mother-child dyad and include caregivers at a distance via technology like video chat. This study uses a novel state space approach to examine relations between the sensitivity of two caregivers—what we call <i>“mutual sensitivity”</i>—and infants' real-time affective and attentional states during video chat sessions. In this analysis of recorded semi-naturalistic video chat interactions from 47 triads (parent, infant, and on-screen grandparent), we find that mutual sensitivity toward the infant is associated with concurrent infant <i>positive, alert affective states</i> (low-medium arousal and positive valence). However, contrary to our second hypothesis, we did not find associations between mutual caregiver sensitivity and infants' real-time likelihood that they would concurrently engage in joint attention across the video chat screen. We discuss the implications of these discrepant findings across affective and attentional domains and the utility of this newly described mutual sensitivity variable to understand children's caregiving ecosystems beyond the dyad.</p>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12855635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crying, Cradles, and Cellphones: A Longitudinal Examination of Infant Media Emotion Regulation and Socio-Emotional Development in Early Infancy","authors":"Brandon T. McDaniel,&nbsp;Alison K. Ventura,&nbsp;Sarah M. Coyne,&nbsp;Lara N. Wolfers,&nbsp;Rachel Pfafman,&nbsp;Aniruddha S. Shinde,&nbsp;Sabrina Uva,&nbsp;Brooklyn Coleman,&nbsp;Karla I. Ceja Almontes,&nbsp;Adam M. Galovan","doi":"10.1111/infa.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents use digital media to manage children's emotions—known as media emotion regulation. While research has focused on toddlers/preschoolers, media emotion regulation may begin in early infancy, potentially influencing media habits and socio-emotional development. Guided by the DREAMER framework, this longitudinal study examined media emotion regulation among 163 mother-infant dyads when infants were 2, 3, 4, and 5 months old. We also examined maternal, family, and infant characteristics associated with media emotion regulation (e.g., maternal depression, smartphone use, infant stressful behavior) and potential changes in infant socio-emotional outcomes (e.g., infant clarity of cues, responsiveness to mother). Data sources included monthly surveys, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys, passive sensing of maternal smartphone use, and feeding observations at 2 and 5 months. Results revealed the prevalence of media emotion regulation increased from 12% at 2 months to 23% at 5 months. At 2 months, media emotion regulation was associated with greater maternal emotional dysregulation and negative perceptions of infant behavior. By 4 or 5 months, smartphone use and sensitivity began to be associated with media emotion regulation. These and other results suggest media emotion regulation may stem from maternal emotional dysregulation and stress during the early months but may become habitual over time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Mimicry of Caregivers at Home: Feasibility of an Asynchronous Online Paradigm","authors":"Katherine Casey,&nbsp;Benazir Neree,&nbsp;Camila Larrauri,&nbsp;Guangyu Zeng,&nbsp;Kira Ashton,&nbsp;Jeff Gill,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Simpson,&nbsp;Laurie Bayet","doi":"10.1111/infa.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While early life sets the stage for later learning, comparatively less is known about newborns' cognition than that of older infants. A striking example is the lack of consensus regarding the extent to which newborns spontaneously mimic gestures, and whether such behavior drives bonding and learning. Despite the theoretical importance of these questions, practical challenges limit researchers' ability to engage newborns in behavioral research. Webcam-based, asynchronous online studies have expanded developmental science's capacity to reach older infants. However, such scalable and replicable methods have yet to be deployed with younger infants. Taking a commonly-used neonatal mimicry paradigm as a test case, we assessed the feasibility of leveraging an open-source online platform (Children Helping Science) for asynchronous research with 0–6-week-olds and their caregivers. Caregivers modeled face movements to their 4–45 days-old infants (<i>N</i> = 29, <i>N</i> = 17 included) while webcams filmed their infants' responses; 13 dyads participated more than once (72 included test videos). Preliminary evidence suggested that infants do not mimic caregivers' tongue protrusions (Bayes Factor ∼ ⅓). Data on the mimicry of caregivers' mouth openings was inconclusive (⅓ &lt; BF &lt; 3). Additional analyses identified a target sample size for future studies. Finally, we asked whether caregivers perceived their newborns' behavior as imitative. Caregivers' perceptions of mimicry reflected infants' behaviors but did not align with an often-used metric of mimicry (“imitators”). These results demonstrate the feasibility of asynchronous online behavioral studies with newborns and provide a foundation for future research on neonatal mimicry of caregivers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Media Exposure and Inhibitory Control: A Longitudinal Study From Infancy to Toddlerhood","authors":"Berna A. Uzundağ,&nbsp;İlke Nur Güven,&nbsp;Özce Sıvış,&nbsp;Gülnihal Başpınar","doi":"10.1111/infa.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inhibitory control, a core executive function, supports children's ability to manage automatic and prepotent responses and regulate behavior. Screen media may disrupt its development by displacing activities supporting self-regulation or overstimulating the attention system. While findings in preschoolers are mixed, infancy and toddlerhood may represent particularly sensitive periods due to young children's strong reliance on social learning and their limited ability to process screen content. This longitudinal study examined associations between toddlers' inhibitory control and both the duration and context of screen media exposure, specifically, background television and parental use of media for emotion regulation. Data were collected from 75 infants and their mothers at Time 1 (infant age range = 9–16 months; <i>M</i> = 11.8, SD = 1.4) and again approximately 19 months later at Time 2 (infant age <i>M</i> = 31.1, SD = 1.8). Mothers reported on screen time and background television at both times and on media emotion regulation at Time 2. At Time 2, children completed two inhibitory control tasks (Prohibition and Reverse Categorization), and parents rated their children's inhibitory control. Greater background television exposure at Time 2 was linked to poorer performance on both behavioral tasks. Higher screen time at Time 2 predicted shorter delay of gratification in the Prohibition Task, after controlling for age, earlier screen time, and the time interval between assessments. Parental ratings of inhibitory control were not associated with screen media use. These findings point to a potential association between greater screen exposure, namely background television and overall duration, and lower inhibitory control skills during a sensitive period, independent of parental perception.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}