Infancy最新文献_第10页

Statistical word segmentation: Anchoring learning across contexts 统计分词:跨语境锚定学习

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12525

Dylan M. Antovich, Katharine Graf Estes

{"title":"Statistical word segmentation: Anchoring learning across contexts","authors":"Dylan M. Antovich, Katharine Graf Estes","doi":"10.1111/infa.12525","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12525","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiments were designed to assess infants' abilities to use syllable co-occurrence regularities to segment fluent speech across contexts. Specifically, we investigated whether 9-month-old infants could use statistical regularities in one speech context to support speech segmentation in a second context. Contexts were defined by different word sets representing contextual differences that might occur across conversations or utterances. This mimics the integration of information across multiple interactions within a single language, which is critical for language acquisition. In particular, we performed two experiments to assess whether a statistically segmented word could be used to anchor segmentation in a second, more challenging context, namely speech with variable word lengths. The results of Experiment 1 were consistent with past work suggesting that statistical learning may be hindered by speech with word-length variability, which is inherent to infants' natural speech environments. In Experiment 2, we found that infants could use a previously statistically segmented word to support word segmentation in a novel, challenging context. We also present findings suggesting that this ability was associated with infants' early word knowledge but not their performance on a cognitive development assessment.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of masks on the visual preference for faces in the first year of life 面具对一岁婴儿对面孔的视觉偏好的影响

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12518

Cristina Ioana Galusca, Olivier Clerc, Marie Chevallier, Caroline Bertrand, Frederique Audeou, Olivier Pascalis, Mathilde Fort

{"title":"The effect of masks on the visual preference for faces in the first year of life","authors":"Cristina Ioana Galusca, Olivier Clerc, Marie Chevallier, Caroline Bertrand, Frederique Audeou, Olivier Pascalis, Mathilde Fort","doi":"10.1111/infa.12518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12518","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent the spread of COVID-19, face masks were mandatory in many public spaces around the world. Since faces are the gateway to early social cognition, this raised major concerns about the effect face masks may have on infants' attention to faces as well as on their language and social development. The goal of the present study was to assess how face masks modulate infants' attention to faces over the course of the first year of life. We measured 3, 6, 9, and 12-month-olds’ looking behavior using a paired visual preference paradigm under two experimental conditions. First, we tested infants' preference for upright masked or unmasked faces of the same female individual. We found that regardless of age, infants looked equally long at the masked and unmasked faces. Second, we compared infants' attention to an upright masked versus an inverted masked face. Three- and 6-month-olds looked equally long to the masked faces when they were upright or inverted. However, 9- and 12-month-old infants showed a novelty preference for the inverted masked face. Our findings suggest that more experience with faces, including masked faces, leads to efficient adaptations of infants' visual system for processing impoverished social stimuli, such as partially occluded faces.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10719193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The impact of face masks on infants' learning of faces: An eye tracking study 面具对婴儿面孔学习的影响:一项眼动追踪研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12516

Michaela C. DeBolt, Lisa M. Oakes

{"title":"The impact of face masks on infants' learning of faces: An eye tracking study","authors":"Michaela C. DeBolt, Lisa M. Oakes","doi":"10.1111/infa.12516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12516","url":null,"abstract":"This preregistered study examined how face masks influenced face memory in a North American sample of 6- to 9-month-old infants (N = 58) born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infants' memory was tested using a standard visual paired comparison (VPC) task. We crossed whether or not the faces were masked during familiarization and test, yielding four trial types (masked-familiarization/masked-test, unmasked-familiarization/masked-test, masked-familiarization/unmasked-test, and unmasked-familiarization/unmasked-test). Infants showed memory for the faces if the faces were unmasked at test, regardless of whether or not the face was masked during familiarization. However, infants did not show robust evidence of memory when test faces were masked, regardless of the familiarization condition. In addition, infants' bias for looking at the upper (eye) region was greater for masked than unmasked faces, although this difference was unrelated to memory performance. In summary, although the presence of face masks does appear to influence infants' processing of and memory for faces, they can form memories of masked faces and recognize those familiar faces even when unmasked.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10770760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Infant vocalizations elicit simplified speech in childcare 幼儿发声引起幼儿的语言简化

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12520

Rachel R. Albert, Morgan Ernst, Claire D. Vallotton

{"title":"Infant vocalizations elicit simplified speech in childcare","authors":"Rachel R. Albert, Morgan Ernst, Claire D. Vallotton","doi":"10.1111/infa.12520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12520","url":null,"abstract":"Infant babbling has an important social function in promoting early language development by attracting caregiver attention and prompting parents' contingent, simplified speech, which is more learnable for infants. Here, we demonstrate that prelinguistic infant vocalizations also create learning opportunities for infants in childcare settings by eliciting simplified and more learnable linguistic information during teacher-infant interactions. We compared the rates and complexity of contingent and non-contingent verbal interactions of 34 childcare teachers during a one-on-one free play interaction with a familiar infant under their care (M = 12.6 months old). As compared to non-contingent utterances, teachers' contingent utterances included fewer unique words, a higher proportion of single-word responses, and a shorter mean length of utterances. Teachers did not change their response length based on infants' syllable type and were equally likely to respond to vowels and consonant-vowel vocalizations. Sources of individual differences in the simplification effect related to infant behaviors and teacher characteristics are discussed. The results parallel previous findings demonstrating the simplification effect in parent-infant interactions. That teachers also show this simplification effect when responding to infant vocalizations suggests the power of infant prelinguistic vocalizations for organizing caregiver attention in various settings to elicit simplified, learnable language.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9370612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mother-infant emotional availability through the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining continuity, stability, and bidirectional associations COVID-19大流行期间母婴情感可用性:检查连续性、稳定性和双向关联

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12517

Nila Shakiba, Gal Doron, Avigail Gordon-Hacker, Alisa Egotubov, Nicholas J. Wagner, Noa Gueron-Sela

{"title":"Mother-infant emotional availability through the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining continuity, stability, and bidirectional associations","authors":"Nila Shakiba, Gal Doron, Avigail Gordon-Hacker, Alisa Egotubov, Nicholas J. Wagner, Noa Gueron-Sela","doi":"10.1111/infa.12517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12517","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic may impact the development of infants' social communication patterns with their caregivers. The current study examined continuity, stability, and bidirectional associations in maternal and infant dyadic Emotional Availability (EA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 110 Israeli mother-infant dyads (51% girls) that were assessed prior to (Mage = 3.5 months) and during (Mage = 12.4 months) the pandemic. At both time points, mother-infant interactions were observed during play (nonstressful context) and tasks designed to elicit infant frustration (stressful context). Maternal and child EA were coded offline. Maternal EA demonstrated no significant mean-level changes from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas infant responsiveness and involvement increased over time. Stability and bidirectional associations in EA differed by context and were evident only in the stressful context. Mothers' perceived levels of social support further moderated these associations. Specifically, infants' pre-pandemic responsiveness and involvement predicted maternal EA during the pandemic only when mothers reported low levels of social support. Our findings suggest that maternal and child EA were not adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, patterns of EA demonstrated moderate-to-no stability over time, suggesting considerable individual differences in trajectories of EA.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/71/INFA-28-34.PMC9877570.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10713208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Infant motor development predicts the dynamics of movement during sleep 婴儿运动发育预示着睡眠时的动态运动

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12519

Aaron DeMasi, Melissa N. Horger, Anat Scher, Sarah E. Berger

{"title":"Infant motor development predicts the dynamics of movement during sleep","authors":"Aaron DeMasi, Melissa N. Horger, Anat Scher, Sarah E. Berger","doi":"10.1111/infa.12519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12519","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of infant sleep change over the first year. Generally, infants wake and move less at night as they grow older. However, acquisition of new motor skills leads to temporary increases in night waking and movement at night. Indeed, sleep-dependent movement at night is important for sensorimotor development. Nevertheless, little is known about how movement during sleep changes as infants accrue locomotor experience. The current study investigated whether infant sleep and movement during sleep were predicted by infants' walking experience. Seventy-eight infants wore an actigraph to measure physical activity during sleep. Parents reported when their infants first walked across a room >10 feet without stopping or falling. Infants in the midst of walking skill acquisition had worse sleep than an age-group estimate. Infants with more walk experience had more temporally sporadic movement during sleep and a steeper hourly increase in physical activity over the course of the night. Ongoing motor skill consolidation changes the characteristics of movement during sleep and may alter sleep state-dependent memory consolidation. We propose a model whereby changes in gross motor activity during night sleep reflect movement-dependent consolidation.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10822334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Responding to joint attention as a developmental catalyst: Longitudinal associations with language and social responsiveness 对共同注意的反应作为发展催化剂:与语言和社会反应的纵向关联

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12515

Carolyn Lasch, Stephanie M. Carlson, Jed T. Elison

{"title":"Responding to joint attention as a developmental catalyst: Longitudinal associations with language and social responsiveness","authors":"Carolyn Lasch, Stephanie M. Carlson, Jed T. Elison","doi":"10.1111/infa.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12515","url":null,"abstract":"Joint attention (JA), infants' ability to engage in triadic attention with another person and a separate object or event, emerges in infancy. Responding to joint attention (RJA) develops earlier than initiating joint attention (IJA) and may benefit from a reconceptualization from a competence to a skill that varies in performance. Investigating associations between RJA performance and important skills of toddlerhood such as language, social responsiveness, and executive function (EF) in typically developing samples can better elucidate how RJA may serve as a developmental precursor to later dimensional skills, with implications for both typical and atypical development. Here, 210 (82% White) infants completed the Dimensional Joint Attention Assessment (DJAA), a naturalistic play-based assessment of RJA, at 8–15 months. At 16–38 months social responsiveness, verbal ability, and EF were assessed. Multilevel models showed that DJAA scores were associated with later verbal abilities and parent-reported social responsiveness. Exploratory analyses showed trend-level associations between RJA and EF. Results establish the content validity of the DJAA as a measure of RJA, and longitudinal associations with later verbal ability and social responsiveness. Future work should examine EF emergence and consolidation, and RJA and later EF associations.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/1f/INFA-28-339.PMC9899317.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking maternal psychopathology to children's excessive crying and sleeping problems in a large representative German sample—The mediating role of social isolation and bonding difficulties 在一个具有代表性的大型德国样本中，将母亲精神病理与儿童过度哭泣和睡眠问题联系起来——社会孤立和联系困难的中介作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12514

Ulrike Lux, Mitho Müller, Corinna Reck, Christoph Liel, Sabine Walper

{"title":"Linking maternal psychopathology to children's excessive crying and sleeping problems in a large representative German sample—The mediating role of social isolation and bonding difficulties","authors":"Ulrike Lux, Mitho Müller, Corinna Reck, Christoph Liel, Sabine Walper","doi":"10.1111/infa.12514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12514","url":null,"abstract":"Attaining self-regulation is a major developmental task in infancy, in which many children show transient difficulties. Persistent, clinically relevant difficulties in self-regulation include excessive crying or sleeping disorders. Many families with affected children are burdened with multiple psychosocial risk. This suggests that regulatory problems are best conceptualized as the maladaptive interplay of overly burdened parents and a dysfunctional parent–child interaction. The current study examines whether social isolation and bonding difficulties function as mediating mechanisms linking maternal psychopathology to (1) children's excessive crying and (2) sleeping problems. The sample comprised N = 6598 mothers (M = 31.51 years) of children between zero to three years of age (M = 14.08 months, 50.1% girls). In addition to socio demographic data, the written questionnaire included information on maternal depression/anxiety, isolation, bonding, and children's regulatory problems. Hypotheses were tested with a mediation model controlling for psychosocial risk and child characteristics. As expected, maternal symptoms of depression/anxiety were linked to infants‘ excessive crying and sleeping problems. Social isolation and bonding difficulties mediated this association for excessive crying as well as for sleeping problems, but social isolation was a single mediator for sleeping problems only. The findings provide important insights in the mediating pathways linking maternal psychopathology to children's regulatory problems.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What aspects of counting help infants attend to numerosity? 数数的哪些方面有助于婴儿注意数字?

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12512

Jinjing (Jenny) Wang, Lisa Feigenson

{"title":"What aspects of counting help infants attend to numerosity?","authors":"Jinjing (Jenny) Wang, Lisa Feigenson","doi":"10.1111/infa.12512","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12512","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work shows that 18-month old infants understand that counting is numerically relevant—infants who see objects counted are more likely to represent the approximate number of objects in the array than infants who see the objects labeled but not counted. Which aspects of counting signal infants to attend to numerosity in this way? Here we asked whether infants rely on familiarity with the count words in their native language, or on procedures instantiated by the counting routine, independent of specific tokens. In three experiments (N = 48), we found that 18-month old infants from English-speaking households successfully distinguished four hidden objects from two when the objects were counted correctly, regardless of their familiarity with the count words (i.e., when objects were counted in familiar English and in unfamiliar German). However, when the objects were counted using familiar English count words in ways that violated basic counting principles, infants no longer represented the arrays, failing to distinguish four hidden objects from two. Together with previous findings, these results suggest that children may link the procedure of counting with numerosity years before they learn the meanings of the count words.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10825596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factor structure of the Mini-Maternal Behavior Q-Sort and associations with infant attachment: Informing precision in research and intervention 迷你母亲行为q分类的因素结构及其与婴儿依恋的关系:研究与干预的告知精度

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Infancy Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12513

Anna T. Booth, Christopher J. Greenwood, George J. Youssef, Jennifer E. McIntosh, Thy Nguyen, Primrose Letcher, Ben Edwards, Delyse M. Hutchinson, Ann Sanson, Craig A. Olsson, Jacqui A. Macdonald

{"title":"Factor structure of the Mini-Maternal Behavior Q-Sort and associations with infant attachment: Informing precision in research and intervention","authors":"Anna T. Booth, Christopher J. Greenwood, George J. Youssef, Jennifer E. McIntosh, Thy Nguyen, Primrose Letcher, Ben Edwards, Delyse M. Hutchinson, Ann Sanson, Craig A. Olsson, Jacqui A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1111/infa.12513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/infa.12513","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the factor structure of parental sensitivity to infants as assessed by the Mini-Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (Mini-MBQS), a 25-item short-form of the original 90-item MBQS. We aimed to: (1) identify latent factors of the Mini-MBQS; and (2) validate each factor by testing associations with infant attachment classifications. Data on parent-infant dyads (n = 313; 222 mothers with 281 children, 29 fathers with 32 children) were drawn from a three-generation Australian cohort study. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling examined the structure of the Mini-MBQS. Two latent Mini-MBQS factors were identified, requiring 8 of 25 original items: (1) Attention and Responsiveness and (2) Contingency in Interactions. Infants with insecure attachment classifications had parents with lower sensitivity across both factors relative to infants classified secure. In particular, infants with resistant attachment classifications had parents with notably low Contingency in Interactions scores. Infants with disorganised attachment classifications had parents with the lowest relative sensitivity across both factors, and in these dyads Attention and Responsiveness scores were especially low. Results provide an empirically derived factor structure for the Mini-MBQS. Two subscales, each with significant infant attachment associations, may improve precision in clinical intervention and research translation.","PeriodicalId":47895,"journal":{"name":"Infancy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/infa.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10813833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0