{"title":"An Overdue Contribution: Mass Communication Theory in the Security of Democracy","authors":"Michael McDevitt, Perry Parks, S. Craft","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2117520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2117520","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Democratic backsliding is understood in political science as state-led debilitation of democratic institutions, rules, and norms. Autocratic control of media constitutes a core mechanism in authoritarian regime consolidation. Mass communication theory nevertheless offers ways to conceptualize media complicity beyond serving as tools of intimidation and censorship. Autonomous and semi-autonomous media representations of politics impact the capacity for responsive governance, consent of the governed, and ultimately the security of democracy. Following a discussion on implications of backsliding for normative theory, we identify promising points of connection between backsliding theory and mass communication. We conclude with an overview of the contributions to this special issue, “Media and the Future of Democracy.”","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"747 - 763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75274655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russian Meddling in U.S. Elections: How News of Disinformation’s Impact Can Affect Trust in Electoral Outcomes and Satisfaction with Democracy","authors":"Andrew R. N. Ross, Cristian Vaccari, A. Chadwick","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2119871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2119871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Russia’s Internet Research Agency (R-IRA) has been a key focus of disinformation research due to its attempts to use social media to influence the outcome of the 2016 United States presidential election. However, questions remain about the extent to which news coverage of the R-IRA’s efforts may have shaped public perceptions of U.S. democracy. To assess its impact, we ran an experiment involving U.S. social media users (N = 916). We tested whether reading news reports about the R-IRA’s activities heightened perceptions that the R-IRA influenced the public’s vote choices, and whether this influence in turn reduced confidence in the outcomes of the 2016 and 2020 elections and broader satisfaction with democracy. Specifically, we tested if these indirect effects differ depending on whether the R-IRA activity was presented via news frames conveying certainty or uncertainty about the R-IRA’s impact on the U.S. public’s behavior. While the news frames did not significantly influence perceptions that the R-IRA had influenced the U.S. public in general, the degree of certainty with which they described the effects of the R-IRA differently affected perceptions that Republicans and Democrats had been influenced. This, in turn, influenced participants’ confidence in elections and satisfaction with democracy.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"56 1","pages":"786 - 811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89668554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ashley, S. Craft, Adam Maksl, M. Tully, E. Vraga
{"title":"Can News Literacy Help Reduce Belief in COVID Misinformation?","authors":"S. Ashley, S. Craft, Adam Maksl, M. Tully, E. Vraga","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2137040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2137040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rapid spread of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased calls for news literacy to help mitigate endorsement of misinformation, conspiracy theories, and other falsehoods. In two cross-sectional online surveys conducted in October 2020 (N = 1,502) and July 2021 (N = 1,330), this study examines relationships between news literacy, COVID-19 misinformation, conspiratorial thinking, and political orientation in the United States. The results show that individuals with higher levels of news literacy were more likely to reject COVID-19 misinformation and conspiratorial thinking, but also that news literacy matters more for individuals with liberal political views than conservative political views and is unevenly distributed across the study population with age, race, political orientation, and news diet as significant predictors of news literacy. Results suggest that improved news literacy could be part of a strategy to equip individuals to reject health misinformation, but varied approaches will be necessary to engage with disparate groups.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"695 - 719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90684137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Third-Person Effect 40 Years After Davison Penned It: What We Know and Where We Should Traverse","authors":"R. Perloff, Lijiang Shen","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2134802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2134802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forty years ago in 1983, W. Phillips Davison coined the term “third-person effect,” generating a robust outpouring of research. This paper places the third-person effect in the contemporary age, one vastly different from the era in which Davison conceptualized perceptions of media effects. The article first describes the historical, sociological climate in which Davison operated, noting how the concept congealed with the intellectual zeitgeist of the 1980s. The paper then provides a critical synthesis of research on the self-other perceptual disparity and the behavioral corollary, focusing on early studies, moderators, mediators, and meta-analytic findings. After describing problems and complexities in third-person research, we ponder implications for the very different media and political psychological climate of 2023. We propose four specific research questions and four testable propositions, building on classic and contemporary theory and research.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"384 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78310223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Love the Skin You‘re In”: An Analysis of Women’s Self-Presentation and User Reactions to Selfies Using the Tumblr Hashtag #bodypositive","authors":"Anne Reif, Insa Miller, Monika Taddicken","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2138442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2138442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Selfies posted on social media using feminist hashtags have the potential to depict greater diversity and authenticity than the established ideal of female beauty and femininity (young, white, slim, and heteronormative women), but are also at risk of promoting self-objectification. The hashtag #bodypositive is understood as the embodiment of an empowering feminist space. However, it is unclear to what extent diverse body images that deviate from the established ideal can actually be found under this hashtag on a platform such as Tumblr that allowed NSFW [Not Safe For Work] content without restrictions until 2018. This research aims to analyze selfies on Tumblr posted by women in 2017 (n = 300) using the hashtag #bodypositive in an exploratory content analysis (quantitative and qualitative) including the following textual content: posted texts (n = 300), additional hashtags (n = 4,498), blog descriptions (n = 296), and user reactions, including comments (n = 91). The results reveal less diversity than expected but many protagonists at least slightly deviate from the mass mediated beauty ideal. Stereotypically female ways of self-presentation are used exaggeratedly. Most pictures were embedded in blogs promoting self-acceptance, rather than self-improvement and have received positive user feedback.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":"1038 - 1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88230462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Identity and News Media Choice: The Polarizing Logic of Selective Exposure During the Catalan Independence Conflict","authors":"L. Valera-Ordaz","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2127366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2127366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Political communication scholars have explored selective exposure by focusing on the left-right cleavage, overlooking how other sources of political identity might guide news consumption, partly because of the U.S. dominance of the discipline. We address this gap by exploring how political attitudes on the national divide influence news choices for three news media types (television, radio, and newspapers) in Catalonia over a seven-year period (2010–2017) that covers the development of the Catalan independence conflict, including four regional elections, a controversial independence referendum, and the suppression of autonomy. Binomial logistic regressions applied to four post-electoral surveys indicate that support for independence and national identity are significant predictors of Catalans’ news media choices, and that support for independence becomes increasingly relevant as a driver of news choices for broadcast media as political polarization on Catalan independence grows. We discuss the implications for democracy of such audience segregation, and underscore how political context influences media choices.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"326 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90397942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feeling Better...but Also Less Lonely? An Experimental Comparison of How Parasocial and Social Relationships Affect People’s Well-Being","authors":"Jan-Philipp Stein, N. Liebers, Maria Fais","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2127369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2127369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83332733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Communication Ecology Impacts Disaster Support Seeking in Multiethnic Communities: The Roles of Disaster Communication Network Size, Heterogeneity, and Localness","authors":"Wenlin Liu, Xinyan Zhao","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2129390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2129390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Advancing a network concept of disaster communication ecology, the current study explores how key properties of one’s disaster communication network—which consists of interpersonal, media, and organizational ties—influence various kinds of support-seeking processes during a natural disaster, the 2021 Texas Winter Storm. Specifically, the study investigates how the sizes, heterogeneity, and localness of individuals’ disaster communication networks predict the frequencies of seeking emotional, informational, and physical support during the disaster, using survey data collected from a multiethnic community. Results indicate that different network properties of disaster communication ecologies are related to different types of support seeking levels. Furthermore, the localness and heterogeneity of interpersonal ties, as well as the heterogeneity of media ties, significantly vary across major ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"129 1","pages":"773 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80460963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Give Me a Break!” Prevalence and Predictors of Intentional News Avoidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Svenja Schäfer, Loes Aaldering, S. Lecheler","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2125406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2125406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intentional news avoidance describes an intermittent news use practice in which people deliberately turn away from the news. Previous findings point out that the level of intentional news avoidance has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Since this might be related to negative consequences both with regard to compliance with measures and for the economic situation of journalism, the current study empirically investigates the prevalence and predictors of intentional news avoidance during COVID-19. For this purpose, we analyze two waves (April 2020 n = 1459, May 2020 n = 1433) of the Austrian Corona Panel that include relevant measures for news avoidance and potential predictors. Our findings show that the vast majority of the participants at least sometimes avoid news about COVID-19 (75% in April and 80% in May). This behavior can be explained by a lack of trust in news about COVID-19 and negative emotional responses to news (e.g. information overload or emotional distress). In sum, the high prevalence of news avoidance can be considered a result of the general burden of the pandemic, but also dissatisfaction with the role of the media.","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"69 1","pages":"671 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin Carnahan, D. Bergan, Ezgi Ulusoy, Suhwoo Ahn, Rachel C Barry
{"title":"Assessing the Potential of Partisan Group Cues in Promoting Accurate Beliefs","authors":"Dustin Carnahan, D. Bergan, Ezgi Ulusoy, Suhwoo Ahn, Rachel C Barry","doi":"10.1080/15205436.2022.2127367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2127367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47869,"journal":{"name":"Mass Communication and Society","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77198898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}