Addiction Research & Theory最新文献

{"title":"Does urban-rural disparity exist in nicotine and alcohol dependence among Chinese older adults?","authors":"Yen-Han Lee, Yen-Chang Chang, Yu-Chi Chi, M. Shelley","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2178645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2178645","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background China is a large country with substantial urban-rural disparity. With the increasing concerns related to the rapid growth of the older adult population and problems related to smoking and alcohol consumption, this study aims to examine the potential urban-rural disparity associated with nicotine or alcohol dependence among Chinese older adults. Methods We used three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey and included older adults who were 65 years old or above (CLHLS; n = 18,207). The Heckman two-step selection procedure was applied to reduce potential selection bias. The first and the second steps of the Heckman two-step selection procedure all included multivariable logistic regressions. Results In the final study sample, approximately 8.1% and 4.0% of older adults reported nicotine and alcohol dependence, respectively. In the first step of the Heckman selection procedure, urban residents were less likely to become current smokers and alcohol users than rural residents (all p < .05). However, urban-rural disparity was not associated with either nicotine or alcohol dependence (all p > .05). Conclusions We did not observe the urban-rural disparity in nicotine and alcohol dependence among Chinese older adults. Chinese policymakers should continue to strengthen national policy to combat smoking and alcohol consumption, especially older adults.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"67 1","pages":"361 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81117201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of the assertive community engagement model for peer recovery coaching informed by the assertive community treatment model","authors":"Kaileigh A. Byrne, I. Pericot-Valverde, Margie L. Stevens, Trish Melling, Richelle E. Jones, A. Litwin","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2176847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2176847","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Peer recovery support services for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are becoming increasingly more prevalent to support individuals in initiating and maintaining recovery. However, models that operationalize service delivery are lacking. Here we describe the Assertive Community Engagement (ACE) model, a new model that emphasizes personalization and peer recovery support with a social determinants of health focus. This article defines the tenets of the ACE model, provides evidence to support the model, and addresses applications of this model to different settings. We review literature on Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) programs and research using peer recovery coaching interventions to develop the ACE model tenets, implementation guidelines, and evidence in support of the model. The ACE model has ten core tenets for service delivery: (1) the target population is individuals with SUD; (2) peer recovery coach services as a single touchpoint; (3) service delivery relies on assertive engagement techniques; (4) comprehensive support services are provided; (5) services include long-term care; (6) community-based care is provided; (7) services have 24/7 crisis availability; (8) outcomes focus on both substance use reduction and quality of life improvements; (9) direct social support is provided; (10) services are personalized and flexible. Empirical evidence for the model includes evidence for increase engagement in treatment and other recovery support services, reduced substance use frequency, and decreased hospital utilization. The ACE model is a promising model of peer recovery support that deserves further investigation for improving substance use and quality of life outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"54 1","pages":"352 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77009207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open data through Registered Reports can accelerate cumulative knowledge","authors":"C. Pennington","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2176848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2176848","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific ‘credibility revolution’ has, in many fields, ushered in fast-paced improvements to the way that research is conducted (Vazire 2018). Sparked by concerns regarding replication and reproducibility, open research practices including preprints, preregistration, Registered Reports, open materials, code, and data aim to change the research landscape by improving the robustness and credibility of findings (Pennington 2023). Peer Community In Registered Reports (PCI RR) is a new publishing platform that integrates all of these open science practices: researchers submit a Stage 1 Registered Report through a preprint server, and after undergoing peer-review and receiving in principle acceptance (IPA), this Stage 1 protocol is then preregistered. At Stage 2, researchers append their results and discussion to the approved protocol, along with open materials, code, and data and, upon acceptance, this final preprint is then ‘recommended’ to the research community (see Eder and Frings 2021). The aim of this modified review process is to mitigate biased research practices and publication processes and, in this respect, Registered Reports appear to be working (Chambers and Tzavella 2022). One benefit for authors submitting through the PCI RR publishing route is that they can chose to publish their work in any ‘PCI friendly’ journal without the need for additional peer review. Addiction Research & Theory is one such journal offering this publishing route, committing to accept Stage 2 manuscripts that have received a positive final recommendation through PCI RR that meet the journal’s scope and formatting requirements (see Pennington and Heim 2022). As Handling Editor, I am pleased to announce that ART has published its first Registered Report through this route. Karhulahti, Vahlo et al. (2022) assessed how ontologically diverse screening instruments for gaming-related health problems differ in identifying associated problem groups. In addition to championing the authors adherence to open science practices, the goal of this editorial is to document the value of open data that is promoted by the Registered Report publishing model. I believe strongly that it is important to document the early history of open science practices and researcher’s experiences as they navigate them, particularly to overcome some of the perceived barriers associated with them and to further encourage uptake (see Norris et al. 2022). Below I first highlight the research findings by Karhulahti and colleagues and the acceleration of recommended research directions that stemmed from this team’s adoption of open code and data, before outlining more generally the positive changes we are observing as a result of the scientific credibility revolution. In their Registered Report, Karhulahti et al. administered four central screening instruments (GAS7, IGDT10, GDT, and THL1) in gaming disorder measurement to a large, nationally representative sample of Finnish participants and showed ","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"155 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81048823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptocurrency trading, mental health and addiction: a qualitative analysis of reddit discussions","authors":"Benjamin Johnson, D. Stjepanović, J. Leung, Tianze Sun, Gary C K Chan","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2174259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2174259","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The volatility and 24/7 nature of the cryptocurrency market allows traders to engage in highly speculative trading patterns that closely resemble gambling. Considering its potential for addiction and economic loss, it is important to investigate the impact that cryptocurrency trading has on mental health. Therefore, we analyzed Reddit discussions regarding mental health, gambling, and addiction from members of the discussion board, r/cryptocurrency, during a recent downturn in the market. Method: We collected 1315 threads submitted to the subreddit r/cryptocurrency from January 3rd to February 4th 2022. A thematic analysis was employed, which included threads that discussed psychological wellbeing, mental health or gambling. Results: We thematically analyzed the content threads that discussed psychological wellbeing, mental health or gambling. Our analysis identified three main themes present in user discussion. Theme 1 (emotional state and mental health) captured users’ discussion on their wellbeing, mental health and emotional responses to the market downturn. Theme 2 (strategies for coping) examined coping strategies recommended by users to combat distress or trading urges. Theme 3 (likeness to gambling) captured a discussion on the relationship between cryptocurrency and gambling based on its fixating properties and risk profile. Conclusions: Reddit is a valuable resource for examining the experiences and attitudes of the cryptocurrency community. Discussion from users provided insight into the mental distress market downturns cause and strategies to help combat these. Our findings offer qualitative insights into the problems experienced by individuals who cryptocurrency trade and encourage further investigation into its relationship with mental health and addiction.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"114 1","pages":"345 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76832782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Karhulahti et al. (2022): exploring gaming disorder from the harmful dysfunction analysis perspective","authors":"S. Amendola","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2173743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2173743","url":null,"abstract":"I read with great interest the well-designed pre-registered study of Karhulahti et al. (2022). Their findings pose an important question regarding the ability of different selfreport instruments (Lemmens et al. 2009; Kir aly et al. 2017; Pontes et al. 2021) to converge in the identification of individuals with gaming disorder (GD) as shown by different prevalence rates and overlap of participants with GD. The authors concluded that “the scales of addictive gaming behaviors—standardly studied as a single construct—seem unable to identify mutual groups with shared problems” (p.9). The reply of Billieux et al. (2022) further discussed those results and, encouraged by and relying on the open science approach of Karhulahti et al. (2022), conducted a network analysis using all items of the instruments assessing GD and concluded “that the various GD measurement tools are not reliably distinct and that their content strongly overlaps” (p.2). Billieux et al. (2022) considered that all four instruments examine GD, despite doing so based on somewhat different approaches, criteria and, thus, item content (and response modality). Yet the authors (Billieux et al. 2022; Karhulahti et al. 2022) agreed on the need for improvements and harmonization in the assessment and screening of GD. This reply aims to apply Wakefield’s Harmful Dysfunction Analysis (HDA) (Wakefield 1992a, 1992b, 2013, 2015, 2020) to the study of GD to test whether it improves convergence in prevalence rates and identification of participants with GD as well as detects health differences between participants with GD and those without GD, using data and codes shared by Karhulahti et al. (2022) at https://osf.io/ v4cqd/. HDA may provide a useful framework for the assessment of addictive disorders (Wakefield and Schmitz 2014, 2015). According to HDA, mental disorders are harmful dysfunction: a “disorder requires both dysfunction – that is, failure of some mechanism to perform a function that it was biologically designed to perform [“when within an appropriate environment that matches the range of conditions for which it was selected” (Wakefield 2017b) (p. 60)] [... ] – and harm, where the dysfunction causes harm to the individual as judged by social values” (Wakefield 2017a) (p.40– 41). In the case of addictive disorders, dysfunctions may be caused by evolutionarily novel stimuli (e.g. technological creations) for which the brain and other biological systems were not designed (Wakefield 2017a) and that lead to failures of designed regulatory systems (Wakefield 2017b). The dysfunction that results from the novel input has been referred to as a dysfunction in self-regulation, a dysfunction of the desire/deliberation/choice system, a pathological degree of diminution of control (Wakefield 2009, 2013, 2017a, 2017b) or a motivational dysfunction (Wakefield 2018, 2020). Details on the methods of this secondary analysis are available at https://osf.io/kprj5/. In comparison to the findings of Karhulahti e","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"23 1","pages":"168 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86947432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of peer recovery support specialist work roles and activities within the recovery ecosystems of Central Appalachia","authors":"Angela Hagaman, Kelly Foster, Morgan Kidd, Rob Pack","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2163387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2163387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Substance use/misuse is a leading public health concern in the United States. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, drug-related deaths exceeded 100,000 in a 12-month period for the first time in history. There is currently an urgent need for empirical evidence to inform community leaders and policy makers on the benefits of recovery-informed approaches to SUD prevention and treatment. The peer recovery support specialist (PRSS) is a certified professional who self-identifies as being in recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD), mental illness, or co-occurring disorder and may play an important role in positively affecting outcomes for persons with SUD. However, the evidence for PRSS services is limited in part due to methods that are ill-fitted to measure the dynamic process of recovery across time and within a complex service continuum. Methods This sequential exploratory mixed-methods study queried PRSS in five Central Appalachian states regarding their work roles and activities within the context of regional service networks also known as ‘recovery ecosystems.’ Results 565 Central Appalachian PRSS respondents indicate that they frequently provide emotional support in a broad array of regional service settings but have few professional advancement opportunities. PRSS also report that their role is frequently misunderstood. Conclusions This study expands the existing literature providing information about training, remuneration, job satisfaction, work roles and activities within the context of existing recovery ecosystems. Inclusion of peer recovery support specialist’s perspectives improved measurement of peer service delivery and should be considered when working with this vital recovery-supporting workforce.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":"328 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88621233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to safer injection equipment among people who inject drugs utilizing medical services in an urban hospital in the United States","authors":"D. Applewhite, S. Regan, K. Donelan, Wendy L. Macias-Konstantopoulos, Dawn Williamson, Laura G. Kehoe, C. Shaw, S. Wakeman","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2162889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2162889","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Injection drug use carries significant risks for injury and infection, particularly when injection supplies are reused or shared. Syringe service programs and pharmacy nonprescription sale of syringes minimize this risk by promoting access to supplies. This study aimed to characterize how individuals accessing medical care obtain supplies and the impact of perceived barriers to accessing safer injection supplies. One hundred and twenty participants reporting past seven-day injection drug use were recruited from a large urban academic medical center. Participants completed a survey about their injection drug use practices, access to injection supplies, as well as barriers to accessing supplies. Most participants (68%) reported obtaining syringes from multiple sources over the past 3 months, most commonly syringe service programs (78%) or a pharmacy (68%). Few (3%) reported obtaining supplies from medical settings. Participants who found syringes easy to obtain were less likely to report reusing a syringe >10 times (25% vs. 81%, p < .001). More participants were comfortable obtaining syringes through syringe service programs (89%) than nonprescription sale of syringes (60%, p = .001). Perceiving syringe service programs as not convenient or not comfortable reduced the odds of obtaining syringes there by 90% (p < .001) and 88% (p < .003), respectively. Perceiving pharmacies as not comfortable or not affordable reduced the odds of obtaining syringes there by 82% (p < .001) and 75% (p < .002), respectively. Even in regions with legalized syringe service programs and nonprescription sale of syringes, barriers to accessing safer injection supplies remain, and may be partially addressed by expanding syringe service program hours and locations, addressing cost of nonprescription sale of syringes, pharmacy staff training, and expansion of injection supply distribution in medical settings.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"8 1","pages":"321 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87586712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A lot better than it used to be\": A qualitative study of adolescents' dynamic social recovery capital.","authors":"Jordan Jurinsky, Kiefer Cowie, Sophia Blyth, Emily A Hennessy","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2114076","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2114076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use recovery is a dynamic process for youth, and social networks are tied to the recovery process. The <i>Recovery Capital for Adolescents Model</i> (RCAM) situates the resources accessible through social networks - social recovery capital (SRC) - in a larger framework of developmentally-informed recovery resources. This study aims to investigate the social network experiences among recovering youth enrolled in a recovery high school to understand how social influences help to build, or act as barriers to building, recovery capital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To gain insight into these networks, Social Identity Maps and semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten youth ages 17-19 years (80% male; 50% non-Hispanic White). Study visits were conducted virtually, recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using the RCAM as an organizing framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results supported that adolescent social networks play a unique and multifaceted role in the recovery journey. Three key nuances emerged: change permeates adolescent networks throughout the treatment and recovery process; shared substance use history and non-stigmatizing attitudes play a key role in connecting with others; and SRC is interconnected with human, financial, and community recovery capital.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With adolescent recovery receiving increased attention from policy makers, practitioners, and researchers, the <i>RCAM</i> may be a useful way to contextualize available resources. Findings suggest SRC as a crucial, yet complex component intertwined with all other forms of recovery capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"31 2","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10062693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9336138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience profiles predict polysubstance use in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.","authors":"Giorgia Picci, Ashley N Linden-Carmichael, Emma J Rose","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2132237","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2132237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be an impediment to normative development and consistently predicts increased risk for substance misuse and polysubstance use (polySU). Yet, a subset of individuals who experience CM exhibit successful adaptations across the lifespan. Although there is an expansive literature on socioemotional and cognitive protective factors that mitigate impacts of CM, less is known about other, intra-individual resilience-promoting factors (e.g., positive future orientation) known to assuage high-risk SU patterns during adolescence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study examined heterogeneity in individual-level resilience characteristics in maltreated youth as it related to CM characteristics and SU patterns during adolescence. Participants included maltreated youth from the longitudinal LONGSCAN sample (<i>N</i>=355; 181 females). Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify subgroups of CM-exposed individuals based on 5 resilience indicator variables (i.e., commitment to goals, engaging in demanding activities, self-reliance, positive future orientation, and externalizing behaviors). Tests for differences in SU patterns and CM characteristics between the resultant profiles were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data models revealed 3 latent profiles based on participants' resilience traits (i.e., Low Resilience, Average Resilience, and High Resilience). There were no profile differences on the basis of CM characteristics. Those in the High Resilience profile were less likely to engage in polySU compared to the Average Resilience profile.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>These findings highlight the promise of individual-level resilience factors that are not necessarily dependent upon caregiver or environmental inputs as protective against polySU following CM. This work represents a promising avenue for future preventative intervention efforts targeting emergent SU behaviors in high-risk youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"31 2","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Substitute Activities for Alcohol Consumption: A Preliminary Analysis.","authors":"Sarah C Weinsztok, Derek D Reed, Michael Amlung","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2135704","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2135704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with alcohol use disorder may excessively value alcohol reinforcement over other types of rewards and may seek out environments supportive of alcohol consumption despite negative consequences. Therefore, examining ways to increase engagement in substance-free activities may be useful in treating alcohol use disorder. Past research has focused on preference and frequency of engagement in alcohol-related versus alcohol-free activities. However, no study to-date has examine the incompatibility of such activities with alcohol consumption, an important step in preventing possible adverse consequences during treatment for alcohol use disorder and for ensuring that activities do not function in a complementary fashion with alcohol consumption. The present study was a preliminary analysis comparing a modified activity reinforcement survey with the inclusion of a suitability question to determine the incompatibility of common survey activities with alcohol consumption. Participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N=146) were administered an established activity reinforcement survey, questions regarding the incompatibility of the activities with alcohol consumption, and measures of alcohol-related problems. We found that activity surveys may identify activities that are enjoyable without alcohol, but that some of these activities were still compatible with alcohol. For many of the activities examined, participants who rated those activities as suitable with alcohol also reported higher alcohol severity, with the largest effect size differences for physical activity, school or work, and religious activities. The results of this study are an important preliminary analysis for determining how activities may function as substitutes, and may hold implications for harm reduction interventions and public policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":"31 3","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10254569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9625528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}