{"title":"A Canary Alive: What Cheating Reveals About Morality and Its Development","authors":"Audun Dahl, Tal Waltzer","doi":"10.1159/000534638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534638","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of academic cheating trigger fears of moral decay. This inference, that cheating is a dying canary in the coal mine of morality, assumes that youth who cheat lack genuine, moral concerns with honesty and integrity. This article proposes an alternative perspective on cheating and dishonesty. We propose that cheating and other forms of dishonesty result from (1) misperceptions of what constitutes cheating, (2) evaluations that cheating or lying is okay under exceptional circumstances, and (3) prioritization of non-integrity actions during conflict. Each of these three steps—perceptions, evaluations, and action-selections—show both situational and developmental variability. From this perspective, research on cheating reveals moral engagement, not moral disengagement: Developmental and psychological research shows that, far from being a dying canary, cheating reveals the pervasive role of morality in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135728553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David C. Witherington, Robert Lickliter, David S. Moore
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue: Development, Evolution and Movements Toward Resynthesis","authors":"David C. Witherington, Robert Lickliter, David S. Moore","doi":"10.1159/000534419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534419","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract, as this is an introduction to a special issue and effectively serves as an editorial","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piaget’s Paradox: Adaptation, Evolution, and Agency","authors":"Denis Walsh","doi":"10.1159/000534306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534306","url":null,"abstract":"Piaget’s <i>Behaviour and Evolution</i> (1976) sought to reconcile the view that organismal adaptiveness – in the form of equilibration – could contribute to human behavioural, cognitive, and epistemic evolution with the prevailing evolutionary orthodoxy of the time. He was particularly concerned to demonstrate that human behaviour, cognition, and knowledge acquisition could be drivers of human evolution. Piaget hypothesised constructive role for organisms in evolution was significantly at variance with the prevailing modern synthesis orthodoxy of his time (and ours). He looked to Conrad Hal Waddington’s genetic assimilation as a model for how equilibration could generate evolutionary novelties which become fixed by subsequent evolution. I make two claims. Firstly, that Piaget’s appeal to Waddington fails to reconcile his views of human evolution with the modern synthesis. Secondly, the newly emerging agential conception of evolution, in which the purposive activities of organisms are the principal causes of evolution, offers strong support to Piaget’s model of “organisational” evolution.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holobiont Development: Embryology and Ecological Succession","authors":"Scott F. Gilbert","doi":"10.1159/000534203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534203","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental biology has expanded to include prenatal and postnatal environmental factors as agents in producing phenotypes. Environmental agents can alter gene expression patterns and channel development into particular trajectories. Prenatal environments (e.g., diet, stress) can induce gene expression patterns that change metabolism in ways that can promote the survival of the offspring born into that particular environment. In addition to abiotic environmental agents, symbiotic microbes are necessary for the completion of mammalian development and have been shown to be critical for the proper development of the immune system and nervous system. The symbiotic microbes become organized into ecosystems within the body, especially in the gut, and the appreciation that organisms develop as conjoined ecosystems has important implications for biology, psychology, medicine, and public health. Indeed, microbial symbionts are necessary for the development of numerous cognitive and social behaviors in mice, and probably also in humans.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular and Systemic Epigenetic Inheritance: Integrating Development, Genetics, and Evolution","authors":"Robert Lickliter, David S. Moore","doi":"10.1159/000533192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533192","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, a central problem for theoretical biology is the integration of development with genetics and evolutionary theory. Through the late 20th century, biologists held that animals resemble their ancestors strictly because of the transgenerational transmission of DNA. This view effectively wrote development out of evolutionary biology. However, many molecular and developmental biologists now understand that phenotypes – anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits – are not determined by genes (i.e., DNA segments) alone; instead, they emerge epigenetically from developmental processes involving co-acting genetic factors, environmental factors, molecular epigenetic factors, <i>and</i> other non-genetic factors within organisms’ bodies. This insight forces a rethinking of biological inheritance. Perspectives focusing on the dynamics of developmental systems offer a compelling alternative way to think about inheritance, providing a powerful substitute to the reductionistic framework that attributes phenotypic outcomes to genetic instructions set <i>in advance</i> of developmental processes. Rethinking genetics, epigenetics, and inheritance by focusing on the dynamics of developmental systems helps highlight the bidirectional effects of evolutionary and developmental processes on one another, yielding a more integrated understanding of development, inheritance, and evolution. Simultaneously, this approach encourages rejection of genetic determinism, a simplistic perspective that continues to appear in psychological writing, despite its biological implausibility.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy I.M. Carpendale, Viktoria A. Kettner, Irene Guevara de Haro
{"title":"A Genealogy of Gestures: On the Nature and Emergence of Forms of Gestural Communication within Shared Routines","authors":"Jeremy I.M. Carpendale, Viktoria A. Kettner, Irene Guevara de Haro","doi":"10.1159/000533645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533645","url":null,"abstract":"Communicative development can be better understood by examining the diversity of gestures and how various forms of gestures are interlinked in their developmental origins – their genealogy. To draw attention to the differences and interrelations among forms of gestures, we group gestures into three families based on their developmental origins: (1) action-based gestures that develop from infants’ spontaneous actions that others respond to; (2) conventional gestures; and (3) iconic gestures. Although these diverse gestures are acquired through somewhat different developmental pathways, we argue that they develop in the context of shared experiences within social routines. What differs is the relative role of the caregiver and child in initiating the routine. In viewing communicative development in this way, we show the importance of basing our investigations on an adequate conception of meaning in order to recognize the similarity in the underlying processes involved in early communicative development.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interacting Networks in Social Landscapes \u0000Interacting Networks in Social Landscapes: A Devo-Evo Approach to Social-cultural Dynamics","authors":"E. Jablonka","doi":"10.1159/000533164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533164","url":null,"abstract":"Can the study of epigenetics, physiology and cognitive science contribute to the investigation and understanding of social-cultural systems while respecting the autonomy of social research? I present a developmental system theory (DST) approach, which takes the unit of analysis to be the system of self-sustaining interactions among multiple biological, psychological and social resources. On this view, the cybernetic architecture of the networks that constitute the system channels development, so that different trajectories lead to convergent end-states, accounting for the system’s developmental stability, as well as shedding light on the conditions that lead to departures from typical outcomes. Based on previous work, which is extended here, I suggest that Waddington’s epigenetic landscape metaphor, which was built to illustrate the relationship between genetic networks and embryological development is a useful tool for thinking about the temporal dynamics of social systems, capturing some important features of social stability and change at different scales and levels of social organization. I discuss five social systems using the landscape metaphor and explore the implications of this DST approach for investigating the relations between socio-cultural development and evolution.","PeriodicalId":47837,"journal":{"name":"Human Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48546460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}