Housing Policy Debate最新文献

{"title":"Introduction to Keeping America Housed, a Special Edition of Housing Policy Debate","authors":"M. Cunningham, S. Batko","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2127557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2127557","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping America housed is growing more difficult. For at least four decades, the United States has suffered an increasingly acute affordable housing crisis for lower-income people, who have endured untenable and unstable living conditions. The number of people experiencing homelessness has hovered around half a million on any given night, and the number of people living unsheltered is increasing (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, 2021). Many millions more live on the edge of homelessness, struggling with rent burden, low-quality housing, overcrowding, and the constant threat of eviction (Alvarez & Steffen, 2021; Gromis et al., 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem of housing insecurity, with unprecedented levels of unemployment that rendered millions of tenants unable to pay their rent, leaving them at risk of eviction and adding more to the rolls of the homeless. As more fortunate people hunkered down in their homes to avoid spreading the virus, thousands of vulnerable people found themselves forced to sleep in tents and on the streets, offering policymakers a graphic reminder of the significant housing precarity in our major cities. This special issue examines the challenge of keeping America housed and highlights a few approaches that emerged during the pandemic. The issue includes seven articles, starting with a description of the vast homeless emergency response system and efforts made during COVID-19 to enhance shelter capacity through the use of hotels. It then turns to homelessness prevention and the challenges with targeting these efforts. Recent years brought not only the pandemic but also a long overdue moment of racial reckoning. In response to the rallying call to end structural racism embedded in our systems, this issue concludes by examining how race plays a role in homelessness. The primary response when someone becomes homeless in the U.S. is emergency shelter, a temporary bed to sleep at night. People often think of shelter as a band-aid—the minimum we should do. Indeed, shelter can often be life-saving, protecting people from literally sleeping on the street. There is, however, a misconception that emergency shelter costs substantially less than providing housing, when studies show that providing shelter can be expensive (Spellman et al., 2010). In addition to being costly, emergency shelter is not a solution to homelessness, as it doesn’t provide a permanent place to live. Unfortunately, instead of a lean infrastructure set up to respond to emergencies and get people back into housing, crisis response has become a permanent part of our safety net, and a large one at that. As Culhane and An (2021) demonstrate in their study, the shelter “system” is a complex and sprawling industry. Yet—as the authors of this study point out—despite this investment, the need for shelter exceeds the number of beds available, and more than 200,000 live unsheltered on a given night (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban De","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"32 1","pages":"819 - 822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49467881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Skyline for Champaign: An Urban Dormitory Transformed","authors":"R. Pendall, Natalie Prochaska, Dustin Allred, Caitlin Hillyard","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2124532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2124532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Landlords and Pandemic and Prepandemic Evictions in Las Vegas","authors":"E. Seymour","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2125335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2125335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on evictions has found that large landlords are associated with higher absolute and relative numbers of evictions, and pandemic-period filings have brought additional scrutiny to large landlords and corporate landlords in particular. However, not all large landlords are equivalent, and some may be more likely to evict based on the submarkets in which they operate, and the pandemic has likely altered these relationships. This study examines trends in evictions and filings associated with two particular submarkets, extended-stay and single-family rentals, through an analysis of case-level data covering the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Through a series of multivariate analyses, I find that extended-stay properties are associated with higher eviction rates than other multifamily properties during the 12-month period immediately preceding the pandemic. Extended-stay landlords are even more likely to file and evict during the first 12-months of the pandemic. The results are mixed for single-family rentals. Corporate and other large landlords are generally more likely to file and evict prior to the pandemic, but several are no more likely or even far less likely to evict compared to smaller landlords during the pandemic. This study concludes with implications for policy and research.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting the Housing Needs of Domestic Violence Shelter Residents: Considerations for Survivors With and Without Disabilities","authors":"M. Ballan, Molly Freyer, Meghan Romanelli","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2125336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2125336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gentrification, Health, and Intermediate Pathways: How Distinct Inequality Mechanisms Impact Health Disparities","authors":"H. S. Versey","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2123249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2123249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gentrification yields a variety of effects, yet the mechanisms linking gentrification to health are unclear. Although quantitative research has helped to identify some patterns, the processes whereby neighborhood dynamics impact health are layered and span multiple levels of health—individual, family, and community. According to research describing large-scale drivers of health, inequality (e.g., income and social) is a significant risk factor for worse health, morbidity, and mortality. Drawing from an inequality-health framework, this paper explores how inequality created by gentrification (e.g., segregated pockets of wealth alongside relative deprivation) harms health and well-being. The current study presents findings from lower-income African American women across 20 U.S. cities, and examines pathways by which gentrification increases inequality and stress for residents living in gentrifying areas. Results indicate that gentrification contributes to both direct (e.g., material scarcity) and indirect (e.g., displacement, distrust, lack of belonging) pathways that impact health, supporting mediation via four major pathways. Implications for further research, theorization, and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"33 1","pages":"6 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48270342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did HOPE VI Move Communities to Opportunity? How Public Housing Redevelopment Affected Neighborhood Poverty, Racial Composition, and Resources 1990–2016","authors":"R. Coley, Bryn Spielvogel, Dabin Hwang, Josh Lown, S. Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2121614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2121614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public housing is a key federal investment, yet it has suffered severe underfunding and decay. HOPE VI sought to transform public housing by improving housing quality, deconcentrating poverty, and enhancing economic opportunities. Using rigorous quasi-experimental methods and an array of geocoded annual national administrative data from 1990 to 2016, we evaluated the effects of HOPE VI redevelopment on neighborhood composition and resources. After matching HOPE VI and control census tracts, we used a new flexible conditional difference-in-differences technique to estimate average treatment effects on the treated, accounting for varying treatment start dates and durations. Results show that HOPE VI redevelopment decreased tract poverty by 2.9 percentage points, an effect that remained relatively stable through 10 years postredevelopment, and increased median household incomes with no indication of rising affluence. These effects were most pronounced in high-poverty and predominantly Black tracts, and where public housing experienced more costly redevelopment or transitioned to mixed-income. HOPE VI redevelopments did not affect racial composition or the presence of institutional resources, social services, or commercial resources (e.g., grocery stores, restaurants). Results suggest partial success of HOPE VI. Additional policy levers are necessary to increase public housing residents’ access to neighborhood services that promote economic opportunities and well-being.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"33 1","pages":"909 - 940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47178636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Lives in Vehicles and Why? Understanding Vehicular Homelessness in Los Angeles","authors":"Christopher Giamarino, Evelyn Blumenberg, M. Brozen","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2117990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2117990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Represents the Renters?","authors":"K. Einstein, J. Ornstein, Maxwell Palmer","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2109710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2109710","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Owning a home profoundly shapes Americans’ economic and political lives and preferences. A wide body of housing policy research suggests that homeowners receive favorable treatment from public policy at all levels of government. We know virtually nothing, however, about the descriptive representation of renters and homeowners. This paper combines a novel data set of over 10,000 local, state, and federal officials with administrative data on property records to assess the descriptive representation of renters and homeowners in the United States. We find that renters are starkly underrepresented by a margin of over 30 percentage points—a gap that persists across a variety of institutional and demographic contexts. Public officials are substantially more likely to own single-family homes that are more valuable than other homes in their neighborhoods. Collectively, these findings suggest deep representation inequalities that disadvantage renters at all levels of government.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47948603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eviction Court Outcomes and Access to Procedural Knowledge: Evidence From a Tenant-Focused Intervention in New Orleans","authors":"AJ Golio, Grace Daniels, Russell Moran, Y. F. Southall, Tricia Lamoza","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2112257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2112257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the legal eviction process, tenants tend to lack procedural knowledge about how courts operate and how to argue their case. Uneven access to this information tends to result in less favorable outcomes for tenants, including a mark on the tenant’s record that severely limits future housing opportunities. However, there are few—if any—quantitative studies that systematically examine the relationship between knowledge distribution and eviction case outcomes. This article focuses on the unique efforts of a New Orleans-based renters’ rights organization to contact residents facing eviction and provide them with informative resources on the eviction process. We follow the court outcomes of 267 cases, and analyze them using a quasi-experimental approach and a series of weighted logistic regressions. For tenants who were contacted, we observe a 13% reduction in the probability of receiving a rule absolute judgment than among those who were not contacted. Direct forms of contact (e.g., a telephone conversation) tend to have stronger associations with positive court outcomes than indirect forms (e.g., sending a postcard).","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49600581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“You Have a Place to Rest Your Head in Peace”: Use of Hotels for Adults Experiencing Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Leah Robinson, Penelope Schlesinger, Danya E. Keene","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2113816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2113816","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hotel housing was an intervention implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the spread of the virus among people experiencing homelessness. Individuals living in congregate shelter or unsheltered settings in New Haven, Connecticut, were relocated into two hotels at the start of the pandemic. In this paper we characterize and explore the experiences of 18 individuals who were moved to hotels. Participants shared that the hotels, as opposed to other settings, provided stability through having a consistent room, access to important amenities, and a sense of privacy and safety. This allowed individuals to gain more control in their lives and make changes that benefitted their health and well-being. The findings suggest that the model of shelter utilized during the pandemic may have important benefits for supporting people who are experiencing homelessness.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"32 1","pages":"837 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}