Housing Policy Debate最新文献

{"title":"Cores and Peripheries: Spatial Analysis of Housing Choice Voucher Distribution in the San Francisco Bay Area Region, 2000–2010","authors":"Jane M. Rongerude, M. Haddad","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1128958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1128958","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study uses spatial regressions and spatial statistics to examine the changes in the distribution of Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) households within an expanded San Francisco Bay Area region. From 2000 to 2010, the density of HCV households grew disproportionately across the region, and areas of significant increase emerged in both the region’s urban cores and its rural periphery. Furthermore, the destination communities shared a set of common characteristics. In 2010 HCV households were more likely to locate in areas with lower housing prices, lower percentages of educated people, higher rates of poverty, and higher percentages of African American households when compared with the region as a whole. These findings suggest that voucher holders locate where housing is affordable. We conclude that in regions with tight housing markets, supply matters. This study also introduces housing researchers and policy makers to a methodological approach that addresses what is known in geostatistics as a change of support problem.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1128958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting the Supplier in Housing Supply: An Overview of the Growth and Concentration of Large Homebuilders in the United States (1990–2007)","authors":"Peter Wissoker","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1115418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1115418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As housing production was ramping up in the 1990s and 2000s, some of the industry’s largest firms experienced remarkable growth primarily through mergers and acquisitions and the issuance of debt; the market share of the 10 largest firms tripled between 1995 and 2005. This article describes the role of financial firms in encouraging that growth and some of its consequences. Drawing on financial filings, news reports, investor analyses, and other relevant data, this article offers an overview of the relationship between homebuilders and investment firms, as well as a new explanation of the oversupply of housing in the 2000s. In doing so, this article seeks to bring attention to homebuilders as a missing feature in analyses of housing supply and housing markets, and proposes directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1115418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encouraging Residential Moves to Opportunity Neighborhoods: An Experiment Testing Incentives Offered to Housing Voucher Recipients","authors":"H. Schwartz, Kata Mihaly, Breann Gala","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2016.1212247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2016.1212247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Substantial benefits can accrue from living in low-poverty neighborhoods, yet approximately 80% of the 2.2 million Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) recipients rent homes in moderate- or high-poverty census tracts. The Chicago Regional Housing Choice Initiative tested several ways to promote opportunity moves. It included the first experiment that tests whether two types of light-touch incentives induce opportunity moves for HCV recipients who had requested a moving voucher. Based on the 2,005 HCV recipients in the study, we found that neither the offer of a $500 grant nor the offer of a $500 grant coupled with free mobility counseling induced opportunity moves. The receipt of mobility counseling also did not boost opportunity moves. Regardless of the type of offer, 11%–12% of participants moved to opportunity neighborhoods. Despite requesting a moving voucher, half of the study participants remained in place, indicating significant barriers to moving. We offer potential reasons for the results and conclude with two recommended pilots to increase opportunity moves.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2016.1212247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60108275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Section 8 Renters in the Phoenix, Arizona, Foreclosure Crisis: Implications for Poverty Deconcentration","authors":"Deirdre Pfeiffer, J. Lucio","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1091367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1091367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How the recent U.S. foreclosure crisis affected federal housing mobility programs has not been well studied. This article explores the crisis’s impact on low-income renters receiving Section 8 vouchers in Phoenix, Arizona. We find that (a) 8% of voucher holders lived in homes that underwent foreclosure, (b) they were in comparably affluent neighborhoods, and (c) most eventually moved after foreclosure. Yet, those who moved after foreclosure were not overtly disadvantaged in the housing market. This unexpected finding may be explained by the opening up of new housing opportunities for voucher holders as foreclosures in more affluent areas were converted to rentals. Overall, this research suggests that the foreclosure crisis did not adversely affect the Section 8 program’s goal of deconcentrating poverty in Phoenix and may have even advanced it—a dynamic potentially occurring in other formerly booming and economically distressed Sunbelt regions.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1091367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"Thomas W Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1129092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1129092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1129092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60106163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking a Holistic View of Housing Policy","authors":"M. Orfield, Will Stancil, T. Luce, E. Myott","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1126470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1126470","url":null,"abstract":"Schwartz and Dawkins have both raised questions about the focus of our earlier article, suggesting that it emphasizes particular housing programs too much, or too little. In his response, Schwartz admits that whereas federal policy has contributed significantly to racial discrimination and segregation, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) “is not a significant part of this story” (Schwartz, in this issue). He argues that LIHTC units are less concentrated in high-minority tracts than other types of subsidized units are, and that LIHTC operates at too small a scale to have a significant effect on regional segregation. Dawkins also raises this point. At the outset, we point out that our analysis, arguments, and policy recommendations were by no means focused solely on LIHTC. Most of the regional data summarized in Orfield et al., (2015, Tables 2–3) (Table 1). Include separate breakouts for all place-based subsidized units and LIHTC units. LIHTC units represent only about a fourth of the units included in these data.1 The cost analysis (reported in Orfield et al., 2015, Table 4) also included all units funded between 1999 and 2013 for which the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency (MHFA) was able to provide financial data—not just LIHTC units, or even just units receiving federal funding. LIHTC units alone represent 5%–6% of the total rental market in the Twin Cities, and subsidized units in the aggregate represent 5% of the entire housing market—19% of the rental market at a minimum. These shares are clearly large enough to warrant the attention of policymakers, and are even greater if Housing Choice Vouchers are included. But even if analysis is limited to LIHTC units alone, Schwartz is wrong to declare that their impact on segregation is insignificant. Although tax credits are distributed slightly less segregatively than other subsidies are, our data show very clearly that LIHTC units are dramatically overrepresented in high-minority tracts and school attendance areas. Fifty-two percent of LIHTC units allocated by MHFA between 2005 and 2011 were in census tracts with minority shares greater than 30%, compared with just 23% of all housing units and 40% of all rental units. Similarly, 83% of LIHTC units were in school attendance areas with minority shares greater than 30%, compared with just 46% of the student population in the Twin Cities. As discussed in our original article, in the process of maintaining this segregative pattern, state housing authorities have turned down a substantial number of LIHTC funding proposals from more-affluent suburban areas. This represents a set of selection priorities and systems, laid out in the state’s Qualified Allocation Plan, that favor segregative development. Schwartz also claims we overemphasize the importance of the link between LIHTC and education policy. For instance, Schwartz argues that “most households . . . do not have school-age children,” pointing out that only 29% of all Twin Cities households inc","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1126470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60106030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonia Housing Conditions in Model Subdivisions: A Déjà Vu for Policy Makers","authors":"Noah J. Durst, P. Ward","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1068826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1068826","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The informal self-help settlements in Texas known as colonias have received considerable attention as a public policy problem at both the state and federal levels. These settlements proliferated throughout the border region since the late 1970s and research has highlighted the extreme poverty, austere levels of infrastructure, exploitative land sale practices, and poor housing conditions that characterized these settlements. However, both scholars and policymakers have overlooked the continued spread of self-help settlements known as “model subdivisions,” which barring the presence of basic water, wastewater, and electricity services, are nearly identical to colonias. We present the results of household surveys conducted with residents in 24 model subdivisions in Hidalgo County, Texas, in June 2014. The results suggest that, unbeknown to legislators, many of the problems that characterized colonias are now being reproduced in hundreds of model subdivisions that have formed since the 1990s, and which now require concerted attention and intervention by policy makers.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1068826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Shelter Entry and Re-entry During the Recession in Hennepin County: The Role of Race, Residential Location, and Family Earnings","authors":"M. Hanratty","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1072572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1072572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the extent to which shelter entry and re-entry increased during the Great Recession (December 2007–December 2009) in Hennepin County, Minnesota. Among successive cohorts of families entering the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP), Black families were 23% more likely to enter shelter if they were in the 2008–2009 cohort and 28% more likely to enter shelter if they were in the 2010 cohort than if they entered SNAP in 2004–2005. In addition, families who left shelter in 2009 were 39% more likely and families leaving shelter in 2010 were 63% more likely to re-enter shelter than those leaving shelter in 2004–2006. Only a small part of the increases in shelter entry and shelter re-entry was explained by reductions in family earnings. This suggests that the increases in shelter entry and re-entry may have been caused by other factors, such as the decline in the availability of affordable housing.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1072572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight on the Main Actors: How Land Banks and Community Development Corporations Stabilize and Revitalize Cleveland Neighborhoods in the Aftermath of the Foreclosure Crisis","authors":"Yasuyuki Fujii","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1064460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1064460","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cleveland, Ohio provides a useful case for examining and contrasting property transfer practices among certain key actors before, during, and after the foreclosure crisis. Transfers among key actors—Cleveland’s two land banks, the State of Ohio, Fannie Mae, investors, and community development corporations (CDCs)—differed considerably. This article empirically shows that inappropriate property transfer practices by financial institutions and speculator-type investors negatively impacted neighborhoods, compounding the damage brought on by the foreclosure crisis. By contrast, a case study of one of the hardest hit neighborhoods in Cleveland finds that the land banks and CDC are producing positive outcomes. A proactive land bank as a conduit and robust CDCs as a project promoter are an effective combination to cope with vacant and abandoned properties.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1064460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rooms for Improvement: A Qualitative Metasynthesis of the Housing Choice Voucher Program","authors":"E. Graves","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2015.1072573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1072573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article synthesizes housing subsidy voucher research to explain why, when in theory vouchers enable users to move out of poor neighborhoods, in practice they often do not. This qualitative meta-analysis presents an examination of the assumptions of the program and their relationship to empirical findings. Two themes emerged from this synthesis: market barriers and product problems. Data from a variety of studies and contexts portray recipients struggling to use vouchers in the private rental market due to market barriers, including lack of public transportation and the presence of discrimination. Product problems constrained freedom of choice about where to move and when to make a housing transition. These constraints manifest as compromised housing quality and low voucher utilization. This synthetic view cannot account for all outcomes or exceptional cases, but results suggest where participant experiences are generalizable and attributable to features of the housing market and structure of the program itself.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10511482.2015.1072573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60105314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}