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A Logical Study of Moral Responsibility. 道德责任的逻辑研究。
IF 0.8 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00730-2
Hein Duijf
{"title":"A Logical Study of Moral Responsibility.","authors":"Hein Duijf","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00730-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-023-00730-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a logical framework for studying the structure of moral responsibility for outcomes. The analysis incorporates two vital features: an agency condition and a negative condition of an alternative possibility. The logical language allows us to identify and disambiguate seven plausible criteria for moral responsibility. To accommodate interdependent decision contexts, the semantics are given in terms of so-called responsibility games. The logical framework enables us to classify the logical relations between these seven criteria for moral responsibility. Although all seven criteria are logically distinct, I also identify circumstances where the seven criteria locally reduce to only three.</p>","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"59 1","pages":"999-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79018154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Trespassing! Abandoning the Novice/Expert Problem. 严禁擅闯!放弃新手/专家问题。
IF 0.8 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-024-00794-8
Neil Levy
{"title":"No Trespassing! Abandoning the Novice/Expert Problem.","authors":"Neil Levy","doi":"10.1007/s10670-024-00794-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-024-00794-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novice/expert problem is the problem of knowing which apparent expert to trust. Following Alvin Goldman's lead, a number of philosophers have developed criteria that novices can use to distinguish more from less trustworthy experts. While the criteria the philosophers have identified are indeed useful in guiding expert choice, I argue, they can't do the work that Goldman and his successors want from them: avoid a kind of testimonial scepticism. We can't deploy them in the way needed to avoid such scepticism, because it would take genuine expertise to do so. I argue that attempts to deploy them in this sort of deep way involve a kind of transgression akin to, and at least as unreliable as, epistemic trespassing. We should give up trying to solve the novice/expert problem and instead promote better epistemic trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"90 5","pages":"2077-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information and Explanatory Goodness. 信息和解释性。
IF 0.8 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00687-2
David H Glass
{"title":"Information and Explanatory Goodness.","authors":"David H Glass","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00687-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-023-00687-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I propose a qualitative Bayesian account of explanatory goodness that is analogous to the Bayesian account of incremental confirmation. This is achieved by means of a complexity criterion according to which an explanation <i>h</i> is good if the reduction in the complexity of the explanandum <i>e</i> brought about by <i>h</i> (the explanatory gain) is greater than the additional complexity introduced by <i>h</i> in the context of <i>e</i> (the explanatory cost). To illustrate the account, I apply it in the context of ad hoc hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73197854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are All Laws of Nature Created Equal? Meta-laws Versus More Necessary Laws. 所有的自然法则都是平等的吗？元法则vs更必要法则。
IF 0.8 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00739-7
Salim Hirèche, Niels Linnemann, Robert Michels
{"title":"Are All Laws of Nature Created Equal? Meta-laws Versus More Necessary Laws.","authors":"Salim Hirèche, Niels Linnemann, Robert Michels","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00739-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-023-00739-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two approaches to elevating certain laws of nature over others have come to prominence recently. On the one hand, according to the <i>meta-laws</i> approach, there are meta-laws, laws which relate to laws as those laws relate to particular facts. On the other hand, according to the <i>modal</i>, or <i>non-absolutist</i>, approach, some laws are necessary in a stricter sense than others. Both approaches play an important role in current research, questioning the 'orthodoxy' represented by the leading philosophical theories of natural laws-Humeanism, the DTA view, dispositional essentialism and primitivism. This paper clarifies the relations between these two emerging approaches, as well as their applicability to physical laws and the status of the challenges they pose for standard theories of laws of nature. We first argue that, despite some significant similarities between the two approaches (especially in the context of Lange's counterfactual account of laws), they are in general distinct and largely independent of each other. Then, we argue that the support for meta-laws from physical theory and practice is more questionable than usually presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"8 1","pages":"1041-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77252311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Bayesian View on the Dr. Evil Scenario. 从贝叶斯角度看 "邪恶博士 "事件。
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-022-00536-8
Feraz Azhar, Alan H Guth, Mohammad Hossein Namjoo
{"title":"A Bayesian View on the Dr. Evil Scenario.","authors":"Feraz Azhar, Alan H Guth, Mohammad Hossein Namjoo","doi":"10.1007/s10670-022-00536-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-022-00536-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In <i>Defeating Dr. Evil with Self-Locating Belief</i>, Adam Elga proposes and defends a principle of indifference for self-locating beliefs: if an individual is confident that his world contains more than one individual who is in a state subjectively indistinguishable from his own, then he should assign equal credences to the hypotheses that he is any one of these individuals. Through a sequence of thought experiments, Elga in effect claims that he can derive the credence function that should apply in such situations, thus justifying his principle of indifference. Here we argue, using a Bayesian approach, that Elga's reasoning is circular: in analyzing the third of his thought experiments, he uses an assertion that is justifiable only if one assumes, from the start, the principle of indifference that he is attempting to justify. We agree with Elga that the assumption of equal credences is a very reasonable principle, in the absence of any reason to assign unequal credences, but we do not agree that the equality of credences can be so derived.</p>","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"89 1","pages":"355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Higher-Order Account of the Phenomenology of Particularity 关于特殊性现象学的高级论述
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00764-6
Jacob Berger
{"title":"A Higher-Order Account of the Phenomenology of Particularity","authors":"Jacob Berger","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00764-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-023-00764-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Practical Bearings of Truth as Correspondence 作为对应物的真理的实际意义
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00765-5
Tom Kaspers
{"title":"The Practical Bearings of Truth as Correspondence","authors":"Tom Kaspers","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00765-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-023-00765-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interrogatives, inquiries, and exam questions 询问、调查和考试问题
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00758-4
Grzegorz Gaszczyk
{"title":"Interrogatives, inquiries, and exam questions","authors":"Grzegorz Gaszczyk","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00758-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-023-00758-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why are Actions but not Emotions Done Intentionally, if both are Reason-Responsive Embodied Processes? 既然行为和情感都是理性反应的体现过程，为什么行为是有意为之，而情感不是？
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00756-6
Anders Nes
{"title":"Why are Actions but not Emotions Done Intentionally, if both are Reason-Responsive Embodied Processes?","authors":"Anders Nes","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00756-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-023-00756-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"11 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spectral Reflectances and Commensurateness 光谱反射率和相似性
IF 0.9 2区 哲学
ERKENNTNIS Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10670-023-00762-8
William A. Sharp
{"title":"Spectral Reflectances and Commensurateness","authors":"William A. Sharp","doi":"10.1007/s10670-023-00762-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-023-00762-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47741,"journal":{"name":"ERKENNTNIS","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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