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The effect of maximum residue limit standards on China's agri‐food exports: A health perspective 最大残留限量标准对中国农业食品出口的影响：健康视角
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12752
Bo Chen, Yiming Chen, Siqi Zhang
{"title":"The effect of maximum residue limit standards on China's agri‐food exports: A health perspective","authors":"Bo Chen, Yiming Chen, Siqi Zhang","doi":"10.1111/roie.12752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12752","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of maximum residue limit (MRL) standards of 2692 chemical substances regulated by 44 importing countries on China's agri‐food exports, disaggregated at HS 8‐digit product level over 2005–2021. We find that MRL standards for health‐threatening chemical substances facilitate China's exports of agri‐food products, while low‐hazard MRLs impede trade. Furthermore, stricter MRL standards for health‐threatening substances reduce the probability of exporting (extensive margin) while generating larger export values conditional on exporting (intensive margin). We also identify that the adjustments of fixed and variable compliance costs resulting from changes in health‐threatening and low‐hazard MRLs contribute to the heterogeneous responses on the extensive and intensive margins of exports.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trade wars and trade disputes: The role of equity and political support 贸易战和贸易争端：公平和政治支持的作用
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12742
Eddy Bekkers, Joseph F. Francois, Douglas R. Nelson, Hugo Rojas‐Romagosa
{"title":"Trade wars and trade disputes: The role of equity and political support","authors":"Eddy Bekkers, Joseph F. Francois, Douglas R. Nelson, Hugo Rojas‐Romagosa","doi":"10.1111/roie.12742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12742","url":null,"abstract":"Recent theoretical and quantitative analysis of trade wars is grounded in a relatively narrow treatment of optimal tariff theory and noncooperative Nash equilibria. The lynchpin of this approach is the assumption that trade policy makers are rational and have a simple well‐established objective function to optimize. We argue that the preferred specification of this objective function ignores inequality at its peril. We work with a quantitative trade model, introducing a comprehensive tariff‐space grid search new to the literature. This allows us to explicitly check for the presence of multiple Nash outcomes. We show that including income inequality—a primary focus of the earlier literature—as a determinant of social welfare can substantially change noncooperative Nash outcomes. We also show that the optimal tariff of the US falls by half when the social welfare function includes inequality as an objective. Hence, the economic outcomes of actual trade wars may be very different from what recent estimates grounded in optimal tariff theory would suggest.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subsidized wages, small businesses, and exports: Evidence from the paycheck protection program 补贴工资、小企业和出口：来自工资保护计划的证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12748
Ali Enami, Sucharita Ghosh
{"title":"Subsidized wages, small businesses, and exports: Evidence from the paycheck protection program","authors":"Ali Enami, Sucharita Ghosh","doi":"10.1111/roie.12748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12748","url":null,"abstract":"The easily forgivable federal loans offered through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to offset the impact of the COVID‐19 recession provide a unique opportunity to investigate whether subsidizing the costs of labor for small firms can increase exports in the whole industry. The main eligibility rule to receive these loans, i.e., having less than 500 employees in 2019 and the size of loans, were dependent on the size of the firm prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This implies a plausibly exogenous variation in the size of the PPP loans across states and industries. We exploit this exogenous variation in the size of PPP loans and estimate a difference‐in‐differences model that allows for heterogenous treatment effect to measure the instantaneous and dynamic effects of these loans. We find that a 10% increase in the size of PPP loans in 2020 and 2021 leads to 0.27% and 0.37% increase in exports in a given state‐industry. The 2020 loans appear to have no lasting effect beyond the quarter they are awarded. The 2021 loans, however, displayed a more dynamic effect and a 10% increase in the size of these loans in one quarter would lead to 0.28% increase in the value of exports three quarters later. In addition to estimating the average effect of these loans, we show that the effects of the loans are significantly heterogeneous across industries and the per‐dollar effect of these loans decreases as the loan size (per employee) increases.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trade and labor market segregation in Colombia 哥伦比亚的贸易与劳动力市场隔离
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12744
Josh Ederington, Jenny Minier, Kenneth R. Troske
{"title":"Trade and labor market segregation in Colombia","authors":"Josh Ederington, Jenny Minier, Kenneth R. Troske","doi":"10.1111/roie.12744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12744","url":null,"abstract":"Gary Becker's theory of discrimination argues that increasing competition will reduce discrimination by reallocating market share to less discriminatory firms. We develop a simple model in which increased competition can also affect discrimination by affecting firm‐level hiring decisions. We use the 1984–1991 Colombian trade liberalization episode and plant‐level data to investigate this claim. We find that plants in industries that faced the greatest reductions in tariff protection increased the female share of their workforce more than plants in industries that saw little or no reduction in tariffs. In addition, we find that exporting plants tended to employ a higher share of female workers than non‐exporters did. In contrast, we find little evidence that trade liberalization drove discriminating plants from the market.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Governing personal data and trade in digital services 管理个人数据和数字服务贸易
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12735
Martina F. Ferracane, Erik van der Marel
{"title":"Governing personal data and trade in digital services","authors":"Martina F. Ferracane, Erik van der Marel","doi":"10.1111/roie.12735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12735","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of personal data varies widely between countries, with potential effects on digital services. We develop a taxonomy for the regulation of cross‐border personal data transfers and systematically categorize 143 countries in one of the three data models identified, which are an open data model, a conditional model, and a control model. Using a gravity model, we then study if sharing a similar regulatory model between trading partners is associated with trade in digital services. Moreover, we assess if enacting a comprehensive data protection law impacts the relationship between data models and digital services. The open model of data transfers appears to support data flows, regardless of the the presence of a domestic regime for personal data. We find a negative effect on digital services for the conditional model that prescribes conditions that need to be fulfilled to transfer personal data across borders. Interestingly, we find that this negative effect is more than offset by the presence of a comprehensive data protection law. Finally, the control model, which has strict conditions to transfer personal data outside the country, only has a negative and significant effect when a domestic regime for data protection is implemented. The latter is likely to reflect the cost burden of firms to comply with these regulations as the trust channel might not be effective in countries characterized by government surveillance.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Service liberalization and productivity in high‐tech firms: Evidence from China 服务自由化与高科技企业的生产力：来自中国的证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12745
Xuchao Li, Jing Zhao, Ruomeng Yang
{"title":"Service liberalization and productivity in high‐tech firms: Evidence from China","authors":"Xuchao Li, Jing Zhao, Ruomeng Yang","doi":"10.1111/roie.12745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12745","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the relationship between service liberalization and the productivity of high‐tech manufacturing. Examining the sudden relaxation of FDI regulation in several service sectors in China, this article finds that service liberalization improves high‐tech firms' TFP. The effect is greater in non‐SOEs, firms with a higher degree of service dependence, and firms located in regions with better institutional environments. Furthermore, after service liberalization, high‐tech firms of all sizes have more outsourcing service expenditures and spend less on intermediate inputs. Only large‐sized high‐tech firms increase their R&D expenditures to improve production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ε$$ varepsilon $$‐ces preferences and trade ε$$ varepsilon $$-ces 偏好与贸易
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12749
Kristian Behrens, Sergei Kichko, Philip Ushchev
{"title":"ε$$ varepsilon $$‐ces preferences and trade","authors":"Kristian Behrens, Sergei Kichko, Philip Ushchev","doi":"10.1111/roie.12749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12749","url":null,"abstract":"Kimball preferences possess properties that make them a powerful tool for multi‐sector applied general equilibrium. While they are homothetic, they also can be made arbitrarily close to constant elasticity of substitution (<jats:sc>ces</jats:sc>) preferences, thereby sharing some of their properties ‘by continuity’. We develop a trade model which brings together traded and nontraded sectors, variable markups, and costly trade for this rich class of homothetic preferences. We characterize the consequences—for both sectors—of trade liberalization in traded sector. Numerical simulations for a calibrated version of the model reveal that the elasticity of utility with respect to trade costs is about 25%–27%, depending on whether traded and nontrade goods are complements or substitutes.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spillover effects of government subsidies on outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China 政府补贴对对外直接投资的溢出效应：来自中国的证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12747
Siqi Li, Mengdi Sun
{"title":"Spillover effects of government subsidies on outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China","authors":"Siqi Li, Mengdi Sun","doi":"10.1111/roie.12747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12747","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the effect of government subsidies on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Chinese listed firms. Based on a panel dataset covering Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2021, our findings indicate that government subsidies can promote OFDI by enhancing the production efficiency, innovation capability, and social performance of Chinese listed firms. Furthermore, the heterogeneous analyses show that non‐tax‐based subsidies significantly promote OFDI by Chinese listed firms, and government subsidies do not result in a discernible preference for greenfield investments or mergers and acquisitions. In addition, government subsidies can significantly contribute to promoting OFDI for non‐SOEs, older firms, firms in globally emerging sectors and domestically catching‐up sectors, as well as firms located in eastern China.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Double whammy? Trade and automation in engineering services 双重打击？工程服务中的贸易和自动化
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12743
Franziska Klügl, Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås
{"title":"Double whammy? Trade and automation in engineering services","authors":"Franziska Klügl, Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås","doi":"10.1111/roie.12743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the role of trade for the joint uptake of AI-enabled automation in manufacturing and engineering. It develops an agent-based model (ABM) where the agents are heterogeneous manufacturers and engineering firms. The ABM features two technology-related business models: engineering as a face-to-face consultancy service and engineering as automated software. The software adoption rate follows an S-shaped curve for manufacturers and a boom and bust cycle for engineers. In the early phase, shortage of engineers constrains AI uptake, while engineers become abundant when AI is fully adopted. Trade affects the cut-off productivity level at which manufacturers switch technology, the shape of the adoption rate curve, and the incentives for engineers to develop software. Bulky transactions and different productivity distributions across countries are drivers of trade in their own right.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of China on commodity exporters 中国对商品出口国的影响
IF 1 4区 经济学
Review of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12738
Arpita Chatterjee, Richa Saraf
{"title":"Impact of China on commodity exporters","authors":"Arpita Chatterjee, Richa Saraf","doi":"10.1111/roie.12738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12738","url":null,"abstract":"We compare the effect of a domestic shock in China and the US on the real economy and financial markets of various commodity‐exporting countries. To obtain a reliable indicator for China's macroeconomic conditions, we estimate a Bayesian dynamic factor model using block‐exclusion restrictions to identify a China factor and a US factor from monthly macroeconomic data for China and the US. We, then, assess the implications of a negative shock to both factors on the macroeconomy of a commodity‐exporting nation using Bayesian FAVARs based on recursive identification. A negative China shock leads to output loss and a fall in stock prices in these countries. China shock affects the output of only a subset of countries in our sample compared to the US shock, which affects all countries. China shock has a larger, quicker and more persistent impact on the stock markets of commodity‐exporting countries compared to the US shock. Countries with weaker institutional or business environments experience a larger negative real effect of the China shock, whereas countries with less stable financial systems demonstrate stronger financial effects. Using historical decomposition, we establish a growing role of the China factor over time, in particular for large emerging economies such as Brazil and Russia.","PeriodicalId":47712,"journal":{"name":"Review of International Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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