Journal of Southern African Studies最新文献

{"title":"David Livingstone and Heritage Diplomacy in Malawi–Scotland Relations","authors":"Mwayi Lusaka","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2238549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2238549","url":null,"abstract":"This article engages with discourses of public memory and heritage as constituted by the biography of David Livingstone to understand how the past is instrumentalised in present-day Malawi and Scotland. It discusses how in Malawi and Scotland, Livingstone’s memory has influenced, and continues to influence, the making of bilateral relations between these two nations. Drawing on archival and documentary sources, interviews and exhibition analysis the article argues that the memory and mythology of David Livingstone have been preserved and reconstructed to enhance international co-operation between the two nations in what could be understood as ‘heritage diplomacy’. This heritage diplomacy makes claims to a mutual relationship that spans from Livingstone’s arrival on Malawian territory through the colonial period and into the post-colonial present. Moreover, this heritage diplomacy functions to create and strengthen strategic bilateral economic, cultural and political ties. At the same time, it promotes and solidifies Scotland’s national identity and its aspirations to sovereignty, autonomy and to the status of a global player. Commemorations, memorials, museum exhibitions, state institutions and civil organisations have become the main sites through which Livingstone’s memory is invoked or reconstructed as a shared heritage to facilitate international co-operation. The article contributes to our understanding of how heritage diplomacy is mobilised by nations to reinforce relations and promote their interests.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"265 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faku’s Tusks: Colonialism, Resistance and Accommodation in Early 20th‐Century South Africa","authors":"D. Webb","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2246108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2246108","url":null,"abstract":"An African ploughing his fields in western Mpondoland in 1910 uncovered two elephant tusks at the site of what had once been King Faku’s homestead. This obscure incident in the Transkeian Territories of South Africa provides an entry point to examining the consolidation of colonial bureaucratic control, and African responses to it, in the second decade of the 20th century by the Union of South Africa government. The unearthing of the tusks illuminated, on the one hand, Mpondo attempts to control the relics of Faku, and the memories associated with them, and to reassert traditional authority over the allocation of land; and on the other, efforts by the colonial administration of the Transkei to tighten control over land and strengthen ‘native affairs’ administration. In the process it explores how differing approaches to dealing with the government and contestations for power within Mpondo society impacted on their relations with the colonial state.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"185 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43575691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Mattia Fumanti","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2238541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2238541","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between agency, resistance and power remains central to academic and political debates on the position and role of Africans and Africa on the local and global stage. In recent years, historical and contemporary analyses have devoted great attention to this complex relationship. This emerging scholarship has become more attentive to the necessity for more nuanced analysis of the ways in which African citizens, their leaders and their institutions contribute, and have contributed in the past, to wider socio-economic and political transformations at both local and global level. By focusing on both individual and institutional agency, the first four articles in this issue offer finely grained accounts of the relationship between agency, resistance, and power in different southern African countries. In South Africa, the history of the consolidation of colonial bureaucratic control and African responses to it continues to be an important entry point to understand the relationship between colonial power and colonial subjects and its contemporary legacies, especially in relation to traditional rule, culture and custom. In the first article in this issue, ‘Faku’s Tusks: Colonialism, Resistance and Accommodation in Early Twentieth Century South Africa’, Denver Webb demonstrates how the colonial government’s attempts to consolidate power through their own interpretation of culture and customary law was countered by Mpondo leader efforts to reassert their authority through their own countervailing arguments on what constituted culture and custom. Webb does this by showing how the leadership of Mpondo in early-20th century-Transkei was punctuated by complex strategies of negotiation, resistance, compromise, acquiescence and assertion of cultural identities. The article admirably shows how the differing approaches to dealing with colonial government and contestations for power within Mpondo society impacted on Mpondo relations with the colonial state. The theme of agency, power and resistance in colonial South Africa is also central to the next paper in this special issue. In the article, ‘“If you belong to my generation and you never read James Hadley Chase, then you are not educated”: Everyday Reading of High School Students in Soweto, 1968–1976’, Kasonde Thomas Mukonde demonstrates the ways in which literature was central to the experience of Soweto’s students and their emergence in the public sphere as political actors. In drawing from extensive interviews with student activists from the 1960s and 1970s, Mukonde underlines how their reading became central to the making of a youth political consciousness in South African schools. This article shows how, despite its repressive nature, Apartheid education unwittingly allowed for the emergence of spaces of subversion and resistance which African students and teachers exploited to their own advantage. Ultimately, as the author poetically concludes, ‘when put to use the imaginations of young peo","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"181 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘He’s black; I’ll speak to him in Chilapalapa’: Prickly Proximity and the Slow Death of a Colonial Pidgin in Zambia","authors":"Joshua Doble","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2241328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2241328","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the history of Chilapalapa, a colonial pidgin language, in Zambia. ‘Prickly proximity’ is used as a conceptual tool to understand the ways in which fraught yet intimate interracial relationships are managed by many of the white farming community of Zambia, who are at once privileged by their colonial past and bound by it. The article further discusses the history of the language before arguing that the patterns of linguistic learning among white Zambians, influenced by a frequent attempt to regulate emotional distance and hierarchy, created a situation in which Chilapalapa retained considerable prominence and power. This case study demonstrates the importance of language to ongoing processes of decolonisation, not only at the more widely researched national level, but also at the interpersonal one. This raises questions of inequality, belonging and race which are pertinent for other nations across southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"301 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commanding disorder: rebellion and repression in apartheid South Africa","authors":"M. Vartavarian","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2227986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2227986","url":null,"abstract":"The three monographs reviewed here, by Jacob Dlamini, Daniel Douek and Hugh Macmillan, examine insurgency and counterinsurgency campaigns in apartheid South Africa. Taken collectively, they complicate conventional views on insurgent and counterinsurgent institutions by demonstrating their porosity, incoherence and frequent incompetence. Much has been written on the deliberate targeting, torturing and killing of insurgents, sell-outs and security forces. These monographs add to that literature, but also view victims of violence as products of error, personal animosities and unintended consequences. In addition, insurgents and counterinsurgents often spent as much time rooting out suspect elements in their own ranks as they did combating each other. Uncertainty as to who was friend or foe both widened the scope of violence and made it more unpredictable. African National Congress (ANC) and state operatives in the field could be struck down by coercive mechanisms emanating from within their own ranks. Furthermore, these authors make suggestive, if in Daniel Douek’s case overwrought, arguments that insurgents who were truly committed to revolutionary change seldom survived the liberation struggle. Those who did soon lost power to self-serving political bosses and unprincipled opportunists willing to compromise with the enemy. Thus, binary accounts of the tensions between the apartheid state and liberation movements are becoming increasingly superseded by more intricate formulations. Internal squabbles within both the structures of the apartheid state and revolutionary ranks enabled each side to siphon off information and operatives from the other. Some state agents and radical activists turned under compulsion; others embraced purported rivals willingly. Yet","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"329 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47311257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing David Livingstone Back into South African History","authors":"N. Etherington","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2221009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2221009","url":null,"abstract":"Very little of the vast literature on David Livingstone treats his decade as a missionary in South Africa, focusing instead on his later expeditions to central Africa. Described as a failed missionary who gave up evangelism for exploring, he came under fire in the second half of the 20th century for leading European imperialism in Africa. A deeper look into Livingstone’s mission experience from 1841 to 1857 shows that his highly original writing on theology, missiology and colonialism ranks alongside the better-known work of South African churchmen such as Johannes van der Kemp, John Philip and J.W. Colenso. His analysis and experience of settler colonialism on the Cape frontier and in the Transvaal were not incidental but central to his decision to seek an east–west corridor for the introduction of commerce and Christianity to a region he hoped might be free of colonial aggression and human trafficking.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"285 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47569469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘If you belong to my generation and you never read James Hadley Chase, then you are not educated’: Everyday Reading of High School Students in Soweto, 1968–1976","authors":"Kasonde T. Mukonde","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2204782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2204782","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship on the Soweto students’ uprising of 16 June 1976 focuses on the political mobilisation of the march, the day of the march itself and memorialisation of the event. Many of these studies fail to portray the everyday lives of the students who protested against the Bantu Education system in South Africa, dwelling on the spectacular. This article primarily draws on oral history interviews with former student activists of the 1960s and 1970s to historicise their reading practices. It thus introduces a new layer to the story of the making of youth political consciousness in South African schools in the 1970s. The article shows how reading happened in the classroom, the playground and the home and how this reading led to the formation of multiple and contiguous subaltern counterpublic spheres that became the crucible of many of the student leaders of the march of 1976. It adds to the literature on the subversion of apartheid by exploring some contradictions in the system that were exploited by students and teachers.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"205 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Agency in Democracy Promotion: The African Union and Election Observation in Malawi","authors":"A. K. Mwaba","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2238561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2238561","url":null,"abstract":"The African Union is emerging as a prominent actor in election assistance and observation. Considering the continued centrality of the electoral process to democracy-building efforts in Africa, African continental and regional organisations are increasingly monitoring elections and taking the lead in election observation processes across the continent. This paper contributes to the African agency literature by showing how agency is operationalised and implemented through international election observation. Focusing on Malawi’s recent electoral history (2004–2020), this paper argues that the African Union is institutionalising its election observation protocols and challenging the dominant position of western international actors, through enacting the role and agency of continental and regional actors. It critically assesses the African Union’s ability to undertake these efforts and how it has addressed elections, and the politics surrounding them.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"247 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime and democracy: The challenge of people’s policing in post-apartheid South Africa","authors":"K. Maphunye","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2230704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2230704","url":null,"abstract":"activists. In addition, an ANC cadre might escape state persecution only to fall victim to the personal rivalries, factional squabbles and struggles for resources that frayed the party. This makes ANC leaders’ eventual success in directing South Africa’s democratic transition even more remarkable. Further studies are needed on how the ANC managed to endure such enormous pressures while emerging as their country’s leading liberation organisation.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"336 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48733314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Points of Entry into Zimbabwean Post-Independence Politics: Mugabe, the Military or the Social Subalterns","authors":"Simukai Tinhu","doi":"10.1080/03057070.2023.2237352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2023.2237352","url":null,"abstract":"The question of how the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU(PF)) has held onto power has been the focus of some of the most exciting scholarly works on post-independence Zimbabwe, aside from those on the land question. Stephen Chan’s Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence, Godfrey Maringira’s Soldiers and the State in Zimbabwe and the jointly edited volume by Erasmus Masitera and Fortune Sibanda, Power in Contemporary Zimbabwe, add to this tradition in different ways. While Stephen Chan’s contention perpetuates the narrative that ZANU(PF)’s fortunes have, over the years, been intricately tied to Robert Mugabe, Godfrey Maringira challenges the current political thinking that ZANU(PF) and the military’s relationship is symbiotic. Instead, Maringira argues that ZANU(PF)’s relations with the armed forces, as with other social and political actors in Zimbabwe, is exploitative. Opting for a radically different approach, Masitera and Sibanda’s collection cogently situates power and its contestations within either ‘subaltern studies’ or cultural theory. In this review essay, I will discuss these books separately. With a great deal of scholarly and non-scholarly material having been dedicated to Mugabe over the last 30 years, it is difficult to think of profound new insights on his politics. Indeed, any new publication risks repeating what has been said before. Chan attempts to evade this difficulty by demonstrating that the military coup that toppled Mugabe from power in 2017 provides new and exciting material that warrants another book. But rather than writing a new biography, he simply adds a chapter at the end of his 2003 edition, Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence. He does not revisit arguments made in this edition, nor does he address criticisms of the first edition. In other words, the latest Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence should not be seen to revise his original argument, but rather as a reissued version of the 2003 book, with an additional essay included.","PeriodicalId":47703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Southern African Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"323 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49666440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}