Review of Environmental Economics and Policy最新文献_第9页

Pushing New Technology into the Market: California’s Zero Emissions Vehicle Mandate 将新技术推向市场：加州的零排放汽车法规

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/713055

V. McConnell, Benjamin Leard

{"title":"Pushing New Technology into the Market: California’s Zero Emissions Vehicle Mandate","authors":"V. McConnell, Benjamin Leard","doi":"10.1086/713055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713055","url":null,"abstract":"California’s long-running Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) program represents a unique policy approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. It mandates that manufacturers sell passenger cars and trucks that have zero tailpipe emissions, which in today’s market are electrified vehicles, including battery electric and fuel cell vehicles. The policy, when it was initiated in 1990, was technology forcing because such zero emission vehicles had not yet been produced. We discuss the motivation for such a technology policy and briefly summarize the 30-year history of this evolving program. We examine evidence on the extent of innovation in electrification technologies under the program and trends in battery and vehicle costs and sales. We review the flexibility granted under the ZEV credit-trading program and estimate the value of ZEV credits traded among manufacturers. Finally, given the continuing uncertainty about costs, technology improvements, and consumer acceptance, we argue that there is a need for additional transparency and flexibility if the policy is to continue. One approach we suggest is that regulators build a safety valve mechanism into the credit trading market.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/713055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Evolution of Economic Views on Natural Resource Scarcity 自然资源稀缺性经济学观点的演变

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/712926

E. Barbier

{"title":"The Evolution of Economic Views on Natural Resource Scarcity","authors":"E. Barbier","doi":"10.1086/712926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/712926","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1950s, as environmental challenges have evolved, so too have economic views on natural resource scarcity. This article discusses three distinct phases in this evolution. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the “resource depletion era,” the environment was viewed mainly as a source of key natural resources and a sink for waste, and thus the focus of economics was on whether there are physical “limits” on the availability of resources as economies expand and populations grow. From the 1970s to the end of the twentieth century, the “environmental public goods era,” attention shifted to the state of the environment and processes of environmental degradation, such as climate change, deforestation, watershed degradation, desertification, and acid rain, that result in the loss of global and local environmental public goods and their important nonmarket values. From 2000 to the present, the “ecological scarcity era,” there has been growing concern about the state of the world’s ecosystems and earth system processes, and thus the focus has shifted back to possible limits to economic and population expansion, although the emphasis now is on potential “planetary boundary” constraints on human activity.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/712926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Role of Retrospective Analysis in an Era of Deregulation: Lessons from the US Mercury and Air Toxics Standards 回顾性分析在放松管制时代的作用：美国汞和空气毒性标准的教训

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/712887

Mary F. Evans, K. Palmer, Joseph E. Aldy, M. Fowlie, Matthew J. Kotchen, A. Levinson

引用次数: 5

Recent Increases in Air Pollution: Evidence and Implications for Mortality 最近空气污染的增加:对死亡率的证据和影响

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/712983

Karen Clay, Nicholas Z. Muller, Xiao Wang

{"title":"Recent Increases in Air Pollution: Evidence and Implications for Mortality","authors":"Karen Clay, Nicholas Z. Muller, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1086/712983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/712983","url":null,"abstract":"After a decade of improvement, annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the United States increased in both 2017 and 2018. These increases are worrisome, because studies have shown that PM2.5 increases premature mortality risk (e.g., Lelieveld et al. 2015), and this risk accounts for the largest share of monetary damages from air pollution (US EPA 1999, 2010a; Muller, Mendelsohn, and Nordhaus 2011). Based on data for 2009–2018, this article documents US trends in PM2.5 and their implications for mortality. We find that nationally, PM2.5 levels fell by 27.4 percent from 2009 to 2016 and then increased 5.7 percent from 2016 to 2018. We explore channels through which the PM2.5 increases may have occurred, including increases in economic activity, increases in wildfires, and decreases in Clean Air Act enforcement actions. The evidence suggests that all three may have played roles in the observed increase. Although further research is needed on the causes of the increase in PM2.5, we find that these trends have significant health implications, with premature deaths from PM2.5 rising by 9,700 between 2016 and 2018, representing damages of $89 billion (in $2018). In the remainder of the article, we present our results concerning trends in PM2.5; discuss our analysis of the contribution of economic activity, wildfires, and regulatory enforcement actions to these trends; and identify the implications of these trends for mortality.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/712983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60720103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Economics of Regulatory Repeal 废除管制的经济学

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/713076

A. Krupnick, A. Fraas, Justine Huetteman

引用次数: 0

An Introduction to the Economics of Natural Capital 自然资本经济学导论

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/713010

S. Polasky, G. Daily

{"title":"An Introduction to the Economics of Natural Capital","authors":"S. Polasky, G. Daily","doi":"10.1086/713010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713010","url":null,"abstract":"Nature can be thought of as a form of capital (natural capital) that provides essential contributions to human health, prosperity, and well-being. However, economic activity that leads to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and other ecosystem degradation has resulted in risky and costly losses of natural capital. Economics has a central role to play in analyzing the value of natural capital and in designing incentives to conserve and restore it. This symposium features perspectives on key research frontiers and advances in the economics of natural capital. The articles in the symposium focus on three crucial issues. Fisher, de Wit, and Ricketts explore the relationship between land quality—notably, its forest cover and biodiversity—and human health, highlighting the current lack of economic tools and approaches to evaluate alternative interventions to achieve public health outcomes. Barbier and Di Falco examine the relationship between land as a productive asset—its quality and ongoing degradation—and living standards in developing countries. Brandon et al. review efforts to bring natural capital into the system of national accounts and national economic policy making. Together, these articles highlight recent advances as well as the challenges that remain to reversing the decline of natural capital and achieving sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/713010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43877889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Feature—Public Land Conflicts and Controversies: The Designation of National Monuments in the Western United States 特色——公共土地冲突与争议——美国西部国家纪念碑的命名

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/reep/reaa010

M. Walls

引用次数: 0

Policy Brief—The Effectiveness of Phosphate Bans in the United States 政策简报——美国磷酸盐禁令的有效性

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/reep/reaa003

David A Keiser

{"title":"Policy Brief—The Effectiveness of Phosphate Bans in the United States","authors":"David A Keiser","doi":"10.1093/reep/reaa003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/reaa003","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient pollution is one of the leading causes of declines in surface water quality both in the United States and globally. This article discusses three important issues that influence the effectiveness of recent U.S. policies that ban the use of phosphates in household and commercial products and, ultimately, these policies’ ability to improve water quality. First, the U.S. production of phosphates for household and commercial products and other industrial uses has fallen to less than 5 percent of total phosphate production in recent decades, with agricultural use accounting for the remaining 95 percent. Thus, current policies that target household and industrial uses over agriculture have limited ability to address the larger nutrient pollution problem. Second, the behavioral responses of consumers to variations in the spatial and temporal characteristics of these policies reduce their effectiveness because households can purchase products containing phosphates at different locations or at different times of the year. Third, the interactions of these policies with regulations at wastewater treatment facilities will determine the extent to which reductions in phosphate at the household and commercial levels will result in reductions in the amount of phosphates that are emitted into waterways.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/reep/reaa003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44373970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Economics of the Joint Management of Water Resources and Aquatic Species in the United States 美国水资源和水生物种联合管理的经济学

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/reep/reaa005

Kailin Kroetz, Y. Kuwayama, Caroline Vexler

引用次数: 2

Best Practices for Implementing Recreation Demand Models 实施康乐需求模型的最佳实践

IF 5.4 3区经济学

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/reep/reaa007

Frank Lupi, D. Phaneuf, Roger H. von Haefen

引用次数: 38