Journal of Primary Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of Undergoing Colonoscopy, Does Time Horizon Matter?","authors":"Agnieszka Olchowska-Kotala,&nbsp;Beata Bajcar","doi":"10.1007/s10935-020-00581-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00581-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When talking to patients about undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy, their doctors can present the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) in different time horizons. Studies on time horizons suggest that people have different psychological associations for the near and distant future, which potentially influence their judgments and actions. The aim of this study was to examine what factors predict patients' intentions to undergo diagnostic colonoscopy. We particularly focused on examining the role of the time horizon in which the probability of developing malignant CRC was presented, when taking into account the following factors: the perception of risk (perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of CRC), expected discomfort related to the procedure, a previous colonoscopy, and subjective numeracy. Using the Health Belief Model, we sought to determine whether the intention to undergo a preventive colonoscopy is affected by the time horizon. We hypothesized that the risk of developing CRC in a proximal time horizon would be more threatening to an individual than a distal one and would consequently increase an individual's behavioral intention to undergo a colonoscopy. We examined the effects of two different time horizons: the risk of developing a disease in the next few years and total lifetime risk. A total of 144 respondents (77 women and 67 men) aged 50-59 years participated in the study. We found that risk perception and expected discomfort significantly affected participants' intention to undergo a colonoscopy. No empirical evidence was found to confirm that presenting a person with the risk of developing malignant CRC in the coming years, as compared to their lifetime risk, increases the behavioral intention to undergo a diagnostic colonoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 2","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-020-00581-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37577077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stressful Life Changes and Their Relationship to Nutrition-Related Health Outcomes Among US Army Soldiers.","authors":"Julianna M Jayne,&nbsp;Christine E Blake,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo,&nbsp;Angela D Liese,&nbsp;Bo Cai,&nbsp;D Alan Nelson,&nbsp;Lianne M Kurina,&nbsp;LesLee Funderburk","doi":"10.1007/s10935-020-00583-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00583-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stressful life changes may tax people's adaptive capacity. We sought to determine if and when experiences of stressful life changes were associated with increased odds of adverse nutrition-related health outcomes among US Army soldiers relative to those who did not experience the same stressful life change. An additional aim was to determine which stressful life changes had the greatest association with these outcomes and if there were gender differences in the magnitude of the associations. Stressful life changes studied included: changes in marital status, combat deployment or return from deployment, relocation, adding a child, change in rank, change in occupation, and development of a physical limitation to duty. Using longitudinal data from the Stanford Military Data Repository, which represents all active-duty soldiers aged 17-62 between 2011 and 2014 (n = 827,126), we employed an event history analysis to examine associations between stressful life changes and a subsequent diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, substantial weight gain, and weight-related separation from the Army. Marriage was associated with an increase in the odds of substantial weight gain 3 months later for both men and women. Developing a physical duty limitation was associated with an increase in the odds of a hyperlipidemia diagnosis 2 months later for both men and women, as was substantial weight gain 2 months later. Stressful life changes were also associated with increased odds of nutrition-related health outcomes, although we found gender differences in the magnitude of the associations. Findings could be used to mitigate the effects of stress on health by health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 2","pages":"171-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-020-00583-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37699306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Correlates of Emotional Eating and Their Interrelations: Implications for Obesity Treatment Research and Development.","authors":"James J Annesi","doi":"10.1007/s10935-020-00580-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00580-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested the effects of emotional eating in long-term weight-loss so that both treatment processes and theory could be improved. Women with obesity participated in treatments of either high interpersonal contact and behavioral methods (n = 39) or low interpersonal contact and educational methods (n = 36) through community-based settings. We assessed mood, emotional eating, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and weight. Changes in the psychosocial measures were significantly greater in the high interpersonal contact/behavioral methods group. That group had a mean weight reduction of 6.5% and 6.8% over 6 and 24 months, respectively, which was significantly greater than the 2.9% and 1.8% loss in the low interpersonal contact/educational methods group at the same time points. Using aggregate data, change in eating self-regulation significantly mediated the prediction of reduced anxiety- and depression-related emotional eating over 6 months by improvements in tension and depression, respectively. The emotional eating reductions were significantly associated with weight loss over both 6 and 24 months. Increased physical activity was significantly associated with reduced tension and depression. We also found that the relationship between changes in physical activity and tension was significantly mediated by a change in exercise-related self-efficacy. Increased exercise self-regulation significantly predicted improved eating regulation, with eating-related self-efficacy change being a significant mediator. Our findings suggest an array of psychosocial targets for behavioral weight-management treatments that have large-scale applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 2","pages":"105-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-020-00580-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37538667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences Increase Risk for Prescription Opioid Misuse.","authors":"Melissa T Merrick, Derek C Ford, Tamara M Haegerich, Thomas Simon","doi":"10.1007/s10935-020-00578-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10935-020-00578-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic, with a significant portion of the burden associated with prescription opioids. In response, the CDC released a Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, which promotes access to treatment for opioid use disorder. Decades of research have linked childhood adversity to negative health and risk behavior outcomes, including substance misuse. Our present study builds upon this work to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and prescription opioid misuse. We compiled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System implemented by Montana and Florida in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Logistic regressions (run in 2017) tested the associations between ACEs and subsequent prescription pain medicine/opioid misuse outcomes in adulthood. ACEs were prevalent, with 62.7% of respondents in Montana and 50% in Florida reporting at least one ACE. The presence of ACEs was positively associated with prescription opioid misuse across both samples. Respondents reporting three or more ACEs had increased odds of taking opioids more than prescribed, without a prescription, and for the feeling they cause. Our results support a strong link between ACEs and prescription opioid misuse. Opportunities to prevent opioid misuse start with assuring safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments in childhood and across the lifespan to prevent ACEs from occurring, and intervening appropriately when they do occur. Substance use prevention programs for adolescents, appropriate pain management and opioid prescribing protocols, and treatments for opioid use disorder can address ACEs by enhancing treatment safety and effectiveness and can reduce the intergenerational continuity of early adversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 2","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37583962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Health-Compromising Behaviors via School-Based Programs: An Optimization Approach.","authors":"Niloofar Bavarian,&nbsp;Banafsheh Behzad,&nbsp;Sheena Cruz","doi":"10.1007/s10935-020-00577-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00577-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School health programs are united by their desire to promote health and health-related outcomes among youth. They are also united by the fact that their expected effects are contingent on successful program implementation, which is often impeded by a multitude of real-world barriers. Techniques used in management science may help optimize school-based programs by accounting for implementation barriers. In this exploratory study, we present a detailed example of the first known application of linear programming (LP), which is an optimization technique, to Positive Action (PA). PA is a social emotional and character development program that includes a six-unit, teacher-delivered, classroom curriculum. We specify how we used LP to calculate the optimal levels of program implementation needed to minimize substance use, subject to known levels of implementation barriers (e.g., disruptive behavior, teacher education, teacher attitudes towards character development, school resources, and school safety). We found that LP is a technique that can be applied to data from a school health program. Specifically, we were able to develop a model that calculated the number of lessons that should be taught to minimize a specific health-compromising behavior, given expected levels of predetermined implementation barriers. Our findings from this exploratory study support the utility of applying LP during the program planning and implementation processes of school health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-020-00577-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37527650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lay-Based Morbidity Profiles of Sugar Cane Workers: Testing a New Method Using Free Lists.","authors":"Víctor H Coronel-Sánchez,&nbsp;Yelitza Álvarez-Pabón,&nbsp;Laura Y Esteban,&nbsp;Óscar Vargas-Valero,&nbsp;Jhon J Omaña,&nbsp;Alvaro J Idrovo","doi":"10.1007/s10935-019-00575-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00575-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological profiles are key elements in preventive medicine and public health planning activities. There are no standard methods to identify these profiles. We explored the epidemiological profile of sugar cane workers in the municipality of Ginebra (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) using free lists of municipal morbidity data. We administered an instrument to 30 sugar cane workers, 15 health care workers and 15 people from the general community in order to compare the health problems experienced by the community. Sugar cane workers reported their own health problems and health professionals and community members served as informants for health problems in the general community. Respiratory problems were part of the morbidity profile of all groups evaluated, flu was part of the profile of the general community, and other respiratory problems were part of the profile of sugar cane workers and health personnel. Musculoskeletal problems were predominant only for sugar cane workers, and we found differences between the health problems expressed by the community and those reported by health personnel. The free lists method constitutes a quick, efficient, and useful tool to develop an approximation of an epidemiological profile and is easily interpreted, especially when typical and previously described occupational diseases are considered together with diseases associated with occupational groups. Epidemiological profiles based on free lists are useful to identify new opportunities for prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-019-00575-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37528277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misperception of Healthy Weight: Associations Among Weight, Body Size Satisfaction and Body Appreciation in Older Adults.","authors":"Maria Piedade Brandão,&nbsp;Margarida Fonseca Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s10935-019-00573-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00573-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Misperceived body weight in older people can affect their health and quality of life. We analysed the body image of older adults in Primary Health Care services in central Portugal, by considering participants' weight, body size satisfaction and body appreciation. This epidemiological and cross-sectional study involved 150 participants (56% women) with an average age of 74.9 years who completed questionnaires on body size and body appreciation. Forty-nine percent of participants were affected by overweight and 29% by obesity. The majority was not satisfied with their body size (71.2%), but had very high scores related to body appreciation. Around 40% of the participants with normal weight or overweight were satisfied with their body size. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both body size satisfaction and appreciation were negatively associated with obesity, but not with overweight. Older Portuguese adults are not able to assess if their weight is a risk to their health, but regardless of their perceived physical appearance, the elderly respect their body and are receptive to improving their health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-019-00573-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37450256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Effects of Parental Smoking Cessation and an Antismoking Parenting Program on Children's Susceptibility to Smoking: A Three-Year Prospective Study.","authors":"Christine Jackson,&nbsp;Denise M Dickinson,&nbsp;Kim A Hayes,&nbsp;Audra L Miller","doi":"10.1007/s10935-019-00572-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00572-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive susceptibility to smoking is indicated by positive social expectancies about smoking, being curious about smoking, wanting to try smoking, and intending to try smoking. Among children, cognitive susceptibility is a risk factor for initiating smoking; reducing susceptibility is, therefore, a viable primary prevention strategy. Our study tested prospectively the combined effect of two variables-parental modeling of smoking cessation and parental exposure to an antismoking parenting program-on cognitive susceptibility to smoking among children who had never puffed on a cigarette. The study sample comprised 859 daily smokers who called a state Quitline seeking assistance to quit smoking and these adults' 8- to 10-year-old children. The factors in the 2 × 2 design were parental modeling of cessation (successful cessation vs. continued smoking) and parental exposure to an antismoking parenting program (program vs. control). We hypothesized that children whose parents both quit smoking and received the antismoking parenting program would report lower susceptibility to smoking than children exposed to one or neither of these factors. Multivariable analysis of variance, conducted using child-reported susceptibility to smoking collected 12, 24, and 36 months post-baseline, confirmed this hypothesis. Post hoc tests for simple main effects showed that, at each time point, parent smoking cessation had a significant protective effect on children's susceptibility to smoking, but only among children whose parents received the parenting program. These tests also showed that the parenting program had a significant protective effect on children's susceptibility to smoking, but only among children whose parents had successfully quit smoking. Our study results suggest that Quitlines and other programs that assist adults in quitting smoking could extend the reach and benefits of such assistance by providing parents with resources that promote antismoking parenting practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-019-00572-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37443206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authoritative Parenting Behaviors and Marijuana Use Based on Age Among a National Sample of Hispanic Adolescents.","authors":"Ashley L Merianos,&nbsp;Keith A King,&nbsp;Rebecca A Vidourek,&nbsp;Kelsi J Becker,&nbsp;R Andrew Yockey","doi":"10.1007/s10935-019-00576-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00576-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although numerous prevention efforts have been implemented, marijuana remains the most commonly used illicit substance among Hispanic adolescents nationwide. We sought to determine the influence authoritative parenting behaviors have on lifetime, past year, and past month marijuana use among Hispanic adolescents overall, and then based on age (i.e., 12-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years). We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 3457). We performed a series of logistic regression analyses. Nearly one-fifth (19.5%) of Hispanic participants reported lifetime marijuana use, 14.5% reported past year use, and 7.5% reported past month use. Results indicated that Hispanic adolescents who are at significantly increased risk for reporting lifetime, past year, and past month marijuana use, were those who reported that their parents seldom or never performed the following behaviors: (1) checked if their homework was done, (2) helped them with their homework, (3) limited the amount of TV they watched, (4) told them they did a good job, and (5) told them they were proud of them. There were no relationships between adolescents' lifetime, past year, or past month marijuana use and whether their parents made their youth do chores or limited their time out on a school night. Regarding age, while results indicated that most authoritative parenting behaviors have a significant effect against marijuana use, the protective effect diminished with age, with the exception of the relationship between adolescents' past month marijuana use and whether their parents checked to see if their homework was done. Substance use prevention programs for this population should start in early adolescence and involve and educate parents on adopting authoritative parenting behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-019-00576-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37538666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Drug Use and Related Factors Among Prisoners in Iran: Results from the National Survey in 2015.","authors":"Ghobad Moradi,&nbsp;Sonia Darvishi,&nbsp;Leila Asaadi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Azimian Zavareh,&nbsp;Mohammad-Mehdi Gouya,&nbsp;Mehrzad Tashakorian,&nbsp;Ramin Alasvand,&nbsp;Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad","doi":"10.1007/s10935-019-00574-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00574-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug use by prisoners is one of the world's most important problems. We sought to determine the pattern of drug use behavior and related factors among prisoners of Iran in 2015. This cross-sectional study was part of the bio-behavioral surveillance survey conducted among 6200 prisoners in 26 prison sites in Iran who were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews which inquired about participants' demographics and drug use behaviors. We analyzed study data using descriptive statistics, and crude and adjusted logistic regressions, in STATA-12. Of all prisoners, 74.0% had a history of lifetime drug use, and 16.6% of drug users had a history of lifetime injection drug use (IDU). According to the results of a multivariate logistic regression, male sex, being between the ages of 24 and 45, having a history of imprisonment, and having a history of lifetime high-risk sexual behavior were significant risk factors for lifetime drug use. Also, male sex, single status, and a history of previous imprisonment were significant risk factors for lifetime IDU. The prevalence of drug use in Iran's prison population is high and alarming. There is a continuing need for harm reduction programs, including the methadone maintenance treatment, among imprisoned drug users and IDUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Prevention","volume":"41 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10935-019-00574-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37520852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}