Human Organization最新文献

{"title":"Identifying and Partnering Ecoallies through Perceived Natural Environment Futures in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa","authors":"Brandon D. Lundy, Lauren Weeks, Rachel Langkau, K. Sadiq, Samita Wilson","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.343","url":null,"abstract":"Through an experiential, field-based investigative opportunity in the anthropology of climate change, this project introduced college and university students from the United States and Guinea-Bissau through active research encounters. This article examines one part of the larger project, perceptions of natural environment futures via 287 drawings collected by three United States-based undergraduate students from 145 college and university students and alumni (ages 18–53) in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Guinea-Bissau is a climate change hotspot. This study’s specific focus was on how participants represent natural environmental change over time. Participants were asked to produce two drawings, one depicting their natural environment hundreds of years in the past (pre-European contact) and one representing their natural environment twenty years in the future. Using content analysis, descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, and McNemar’s test, the study finds that (1a) participants’ depictions of the future contain statistically significantly more pollution, scarcity, deforestation, desertification, and less biodiversity than those in the past, and (1b) these depictions of environmental change hazards highly correlate; (2) participants draw the natural environment statistically significantly more in the past than in the future; (3a) women are statistically significantly more likely than men to draw environmental management in the past and future, and (3b) men are statistically significantly more likely than women to draw commercialization in the past and future; and (4) environmental sciences and teaching professionals are statistically significantly more likely than business professionals to draw environmental management in the past and future. The study found no differences in perceptions of the natural environment based on age, place of birth, or religion. Results indicate that people perceive real differences between their past and future natural environments, especially related to future environmental change hazards. Furthermore, gender and professional differences in participant drawings of environmental management suggest that women and non-business professionals are likely ecoallies. This concept is important from an applied perspective because through this research project, United States- and Guinea-Bissau-based undergraduate students and alumni are able to recognize in each other their shared advocacy capacities, acknowledge the systematic nature of the climate change problem, and establish a common cause around sustainable environmental management.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Dirty Work” in the Context of COVID-19: Sex Workers’ Adaptation in Taiwan","authors":"Chien-Chun Tzeng, F. Ohl","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.292","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily affects people in precarious conditions, and sex workers are in a vulnerable position because their occupation is usually considered “dirty work.” Examining the cases in Taiwan, we find that contrary to general imagination, sex workers managed to make their living not only by diversifying their economic activities but also by reorganizing their core services—sex. Moreover, they were able to adapt their relations with peers and clients and gained social capital that empowered them to alleviate negative impacts brought by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48115715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protracted Pandemic: Anthropological Responses to the Ongoing COVID-19 Crisis","authors":"Deven Gray, N. Romero-Daza, D. Himmelgreen","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.259","url":null,"abstract":"While the rollout of vaccines is probably the most effective mechanism to halt the spread of the pandemic (as evidenced by past health crises), it should be noted that there are clear disparities in the distribution and availability of vaccines at both the national level (such as in the United States) and globally (Duan et al. 2021). Despite the scientific evidence supporting the need to vaccinate and practice safety measures to reduce the rate of transmission (e.g., wearing masks and continuing to practice social distancing), such efforts have been met with multiple roadblocks and political challenges (Vest, Blackburn, and Yeager 2021). [...]we present to our readership a collection of manuscripts where anthropologists and scholars from related social sciences have engaged with COVID-19 in a variety of different settings and topics. Related to discourses involving incarceration, Shana Harris and Allison Schlosser's manuscript \"At the Intersection of Harm Reduction and COVID-19: The Role of Anthropologists during and Post-Pandemic\" describes new challenges to harm reduction programs as providers attempt to continue the provision of this critical public health service while also adhering to pandemic guidelines (e.g., social distancing).","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICE Offices and Immigration Courts: Accompaniment in Zones of Illegality","authors":"Kristin E. Yarris","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I examine two sites of the contemporary illegality industry in the United States: the ICE Field Office and the Immigration Court. Drawing on ongoing ethnographic engagement, including accompaniment and observations in a regional Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Field Office and an Executive Office of Immigration Reform (EOIR) Court, I trace how human interactions and social relations in each of these bureaucratic sites structure and reinforce conditions of precarity, insecurity, and marginality among undocumented and asylum seeking people in the United States. In both sites, the enforcement power of the state is visible through the configurations of bureaucratic processes and the structures of interactions between migrants and federal government officials. Examining these two sites from the vantage point of engaged ethnography, I illustrate how routine, bureaucratic encounters (re)produce illegality and exclusion by enacting violence against migrants through the powers of surveillance and administrative monitoring, and the threat of deportation and family separation. I also reflect on the political potential that emerges through activist anthropology and accompaniment with migrants in sites of state violence.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decade of Indigenous Knowledge Research in the Yukon River Basin: Reflection on “Indigenous Observations of Change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska”","authors":"Nicole M. Herman‐Mercer","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain-full Worlds: Coming of Age with Chronic Pelvic Pain Peter K. New Student Award Paper","authors":"H. Young","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how young prenatal women negotiate, articulate, and manage their experiences of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). I argue that chronic pelvic pain lies at the intersection of chronic illness, pain, feminization, sex, and legibility, and that pain of this character is deeply stigmatized. Investigating it offers a visceral view into the affective layers of chronic pain. This project draws on ethnographic interviews with CPP sufferers aged eighteen to thirty, pelvic health care providers, and sex and treatment tool production companies. The analysis is rooted in histories of frigidity, hysteria, and chronic illness that together affect how CPP is socially understood today. This article explicates the critical differences between prompted recurrent pain and constant bodily pain in terms of the subjectivity of associated experiences, the problematic insistence on vaginal penetration as evidence of cure, and the dilemmas of treating pain with doubly painful therapies.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using an Anthropological Lens to Explore Motivators and Challenges for Follow-up Care Decision Making among Female BRCA1/2 Carriers at Risk for Inherited Cancer","authors":"A. Tezak, A. Weidner, K. Clouse, T. Pal, D. Cragun","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Females with a BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variant have high lifetime risks for cancer. Regularly updated guidelines are in place that recommend screening and/or surgery to monitor and/or significantly reduce breast or ovarian cancer risk. Follow-up care decision making among this population is important to explore to understand the multi-faceted influences guiding cancer screening behaviors and risk-reducing surgery decisions. Using lived-experience theory and cognitive anthropology, this study explored emotional and social influences on decision making and behavioral adherence to guideline recommendations among twenty-seven female BRCA carriers. Ethnographic data from in-depth interviews were analyzed in parallel with self-reported survey data on perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy constructs. Survey results demonstrated high rates of adherence to guideline recommendations and high levels of perceived threat and response efficacy with lower levels of self-efficacy, while interview data revealed multi-faceted motivators and challenges associated with behavioral adherence. These findings unearth complex lived-experiences within the context of perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy and explore the cognitive relationship between motivators and challenges to inherited cancer follow-up care decision making and behavioral adherence. This study demonstrates how anthropological practice can aid in inherited cancer research and be used to support the development of interventions that consider cognitive influences on behavior.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Organizational Change: 2020 Bronislaw Malinowski Award Address","authors":"Elizabeth K. Briody","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"This article represents my 2020 Bronislaw Malinowski Award Address that I delivered virtually at the 2021 Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meetings, March 23–27, 2021. The address focuses on the value of organizations as both a field of study and a place of employment for anthropologists. On the one hand, organizations have been largely excluded from anthropological field research in favor of research in communities. On the other, academic anthropology departments (applied anthropology programs excepted) have been largely reluctant to engage with anthropological practice and scholarship in the classroom or view organizations as a vital source of careers for their graduating students. I use my own career trajectory as a model to raise awareness of what anthropology might learn from organizations as well as what anthropologists might offer them. I will close with an initiative for a cross-section of the discipline to work together on the Career Readiness Commission to address the lack of student preparation and professionalization for careers in and for organizations.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46814845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professionalization as a “Double-Edged Sword”: Assessing the Professional Citizenship of Community Health Workers in the Midwest","authors":"Ryan I. Logan","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.192","url":null,"abstract":"Community health workers improve health and well-being through, most notably, health education, advocacy, and building individual and community capacity. In spite of these contributions to the health care landscape, these workers are not well integrated within the professional workforce throughout much of the United States. Building on the lens of medical citizenship, I introduce the concept of professional citizenship, which elucidates the belongingness of a group within a professional workforce. Drawing on this framing, I detail the lack of professional belongingness among community health workers in Indiana and the emergent issues that arose via professionalization including: the potential creation of a hierarchy, changes to core roles, and the (in)accessibility of the position due to the requirements for the community health worker certification course. Additionally, I situate these issues within race, ethnicity, gender, and class in examining their effects on the professionalization of these workers. The findings presented in this article can be utilized by policymakers, public health programs, and other employing organizations as community health workers undergo professionalization. Given the poor health outcomes in Indiana, these workers are poised to make significant contributions to the health of their communities—with careful consideration for potential ramifications via professionalization.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-navigating Migrant Reception Services: Engaging Practices of Collaborative Anthropology in Emilia-Romagna, Italy","authors":"Federica Tarabusi","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.224","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on a support program for foreign women, this article discusses anthropological collaboration with local services for migrants in one of the Italian regions most advanced in terms of multicultural policies. Often treated as a pre-given good, collaborative work is here revealed as a site for exploring ways of practicing anthropology with professionals engaged in migrant reception services. On one hand, I examine the potential of collaborative anthropology to interrogate workers’ taken-for-granted assumptions as well as the moral implications and institutional constraints that shape their ambiguous encounters with female “Others,” perceived as both passive victims and manipulative users. On the other hand, I highlight the meaningful position the anthropologist gains to capture the multi-faceted worlds that social actors navigate in their efforts to negotiate blurred rights in a shifting, contested arena. Moving beyond a narrow conception of applied work, I conclude by casting collaborative anthropology as a call for renewed reflection on political engagement in social policies but also as a challenging opportunity for further investigations of local reception services.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47786450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}