Human Organization最新文献

{"title":"Marshallese Families’ Reported Experiences of Home-school Connections: An Asset-based Model for Critiquing “Parental Involvement” Frameworks and Understanding Remote Schooling during COVID-19","authors":"Elise Berman, V. Collet","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.311","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 closed school buildings across the United States, forcing a shift to remote education. How families navigated remote schooling likely varied across class, racial, and ethnic differences, raising questions about how the pandemic might deepen educational inequities. We talked to Marshallese migrant families in a town in the South Central United States about their experiences with remote schooling in Spring 2020. Findings suggest families engaged in school activities at home and were invested in their children’s schooling. They reported numerous inequities tied to technology access and “time-collisions” between familial and educational schedules. They also reveal culturally specific patterns of home-school interactions we call “distributed involvement.” These issues are relevant during in-person as well as remote schooling. Families’ reports suggest problems with normative models of “parental involvement,” revealing ways to make home-school connections more culturally sustaining. A better understanding of reported COVID-19 experiences can inform educational policies and practices in post-pandemic futures.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44491777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Medical Anthropology and Structurally Informed Emergency Care in the Evolving Context of COVID-19","authors":"Heather Henderson, Jason Wilson, Bernice McCoy","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.263","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the integration of medical anthropologists as direct members of health care teams within a large, urban teaching hospital as a means to address the role of structural inequality in unequal health care delivery within the context of COVID-19. The pandemic starkly underlined the role structural forces such as food insecurity, housing instability, and unequal access to health insurance play among vulnerable populations that seek health care, particularly within the emergency department (ED). There is a critical need to recognize the reality that disease acquisition is a cultural process. This is a significant limitation of the biomedical model, which often considers disease as a separate entity from the social contexts in which disease is found. Further, a focus on patient-centered care can open the door for critical, clinically applied, medical anthropologists to team with physicians, merging ethnographic methods with health data and the socially constructed realities of patients’ lived experience to build new pathways of care. These pathways may better prepare physicians and health care systems to respond to novel threats like COVID-19, which are rooted in pathophysiological origins but have outcome distributions driven by cultural and structural determinants. To this end, we propose a reconfiguration of dominant biomedical ideologies around disease acquisition and spread by examining our work since 2018, which sees anthropologists embedded both locally and systematically in the creation of anthropologically informed treatment pathways for socially complex disease states like HIV, Hepatitis C, and Opioid Use Disorder (Henderson 2018). Understanding how these socially complex diseases concentrate and interact in populations is a potential opportunity to model solutions for other widespread and complex health care crises, including COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42687897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and Partnering Ecoallies through Perceived Natural Environment Futures in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa","authors":"Brandon D. Lundy, Lauren Weeks, Rachel Langkau, K. Sadiq, Samita Wilson","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.343","url":null,"abstract":"Through an experiential, field-based investigative opportunity in the anthropology of climate change, this project introduced college and university students from the United States and Guinea-Bissau through active research encounters. This article examines one part of the larger project, perceptions of natural environment futures via 287 drawings collected by three United States-based undergraduate students from 145 college and university students and alumni (ages 18–53) in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Guinea-Bissau is a climate change hotspot. This study’s specific focus was on how participants represent natural environmental change over time. Participants were asked to produce two drawings, one depicting their natural environment hundreds of years in the past (pre-European contact) and one representing their natural environment twenty years in the future. Using content analysis, descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, and McNemar’s test, the study finds that (1a) participants’ depictions of the future contain statistically significantly more pollution, scarcity, deforestation, desertification, and less biodiversity than those in the past, and (1b) these depictions of environmental change hazards highly correlate; (2) participants draw the natural environment statistically significantly more in the past than in the future; (3a) women are statistically significantly more likely than men to draw environmental management in the past and future, and (3b) men are statistically significantly more likely than women to draw commercialization in the past and future; and (4) environmental sciences and teaching professionals are statistically significantly more likely than business professionals to draw environmental management in the past and future. The study found no differences in perceptions of the natural environment based on age, place of birth, or religion. Results indicate that people perceive real differences between their past and future natural environments, especially related to future environmental change hazards. Furthermore, gender and professional differences in participant drawings of environmental management suggest that women and non-business professionals are likely ecoallies. This concept is important from an applied perspective because through this research project, United States- and Guinea-Bissau-based undergraduate students and alumni are able to recognize in each other their shared advocacy capacities, acknowledge the systematic nature of the climate change problem, and establish a common cause around sustainable environmental management.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Dirty Work” in the Context of COVID-19: Sex Workers’ Adaptation in Taiwan","authors":"Chien-Chun Tzeng, F. Ohl","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.292","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily affects people in precarious conditions, and sex workers are in a vulnerable position because their occupation is usually considered “dirty work.” Examining the cases in Taiwan, we find that contrary to general imagination, sex workers managed to make their living not only by diversifying their economic activities but also by reorganizing their core services—sex. Moreover, they were able to adapt their relations with peers and clients and gained social capital that empowered them to alleviate negative impacts brought by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48115715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protracted Pandemic: Anthropological Responses to the Ongoing COVID-19 Crisis","authors":"Deven Gray, N. Romero-Daza, D. Himmelgreen","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.4.259","url":null,"abstract":"While the rollout of vaccines is probably the most effective mechanism to halt the spread of the pandemic (as evidenced by past health crises), it should be noted that there are clear disparities in the distribution and availability of vaccines at both the national level (such as in the United States) and globally (Duan et al. 2021). Despite the scientific evidence supporting the need to vaccinate and practice safety measures to reduce the rate of transmission (e.g., wearing masks and continuing to practice social distancing), such efforts have been met with multiple roadblocks and political challenges (Vest, Blackburn, and Yeager 2021). [...]we present to our readership a collection of manuscripts where anthropologists and scholars from related social sciences have engaged with COVID-19 in a variety of different settings and topics. Related to discourses involving incarceration, Shana Harris and Allison Schlosser's manuscript \"At the Intersection of Harm Reduction and COVID-19: The Role of Anthropologists during and Post-Pandemic\" describes new challenges to harm reduction programs as providers attempt to continue the provision of this critical public health service while also adhering to pandemic guidelines (e.g., social distancing).","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICE Offices and Immigration Courts: Accompaniment in Zones of Illegality","authors":"Kristin E. Yarris","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I examine two sites of the contemporary illegality industry in the United States: the ICE Field Office and the Immigration Court. Drawing on ongoing ethnographic engagement, including accompaniment and observations in a regional Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Field Office and an Executive Office of Immigration Reform (EOIR) Court, I trace how human interactions and social relations in each of these bureaucratic sites structure and reinforce conditions of precarity, insecurity, and marginality among undocumented and asylum seeking people in the United States. In both sites, the enforcement power of the state is visible through the configurations of bureaucratic processes and the structures of interactions between migrants and federal government officials. Examining these two sites from the vantage point of engaged ethnography, I illustrate how routine, bureaucratic encounters (re)produce illegality and exclusion by enacting violence against migrants through the powers of surveillance and administrative monitoring, and the threat of deportation and family separation. I also reflect on the political potential that emerges through activist anthropology and accompaniment with migrants in sites of state violence.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decade of Indigenous Knowledge Research in the Yukon River Basin: Reflection on “Indigenous Observations of Change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska”","authors":"Nicole M. Herman‐Mercer","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain-full Worlds: Coming of Age with Chronic Pelvic Pain Peter K. New Student Award Paper","authors":"H. Young","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how young prenatal women negotiate, articulate, and manage their experiences of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). I argue that chronic pelvic pain lies at the intersection of chronic illness, pain, feminization, sex, and legibility, and that pain of this character is deeply stigmatized. Investigating it offers a visceral view into the affective layers of chronic pain. This project draws on ethnographic interviews with CPP sufferers aged eighteen to thirty, pelvic health care providers, and sex and treatment tool production companies. The analysis is rooted in histories of frigidity, hysteria, and chronic illness that together affect how CPP is socially understood today. This article explicates the critical differences between prompted recurrent pain and constant bodily pain in terms of the subjectivity of associated experiences, the problematic insistence on vaginal penetration as evidence of cure, and the dilemmas of treating pain with doubly painful therapies.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using an Anthropological Lens to Explore Motivators and Challenges for Follow-up Care Decision Making among Female BRCA1/2 Carriers at Risk for Inherited Cancer","authors":"A. Tezak, A. Weidner, K. Clouse, T. Pal, D. Cragun","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Females with a BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variant have high lifetime risks for cancer. Regularly updated guidelines are in place that recommend screening and/or surgery to monitor and/or significantly reduce breast or ovarian cancer risk. Follow-up care decision making among this population is important to explore to understand the multi-faceted influences guiding cancer screening behaviors and risk-reducing surgery decisions. Using lived-experience theory and cognitive anthropology, this study explored emotional and social influences on decision making and behavioral adherence to guideline recommendations among twenty-seven female BRCA carriers. Ethnographic data from in-depth interviews were analyzed in parallel with self-reported survey data on perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy constructs. Survey results demonstrated high rates of adherence to guideline recommendations and high levels of perceived threat and response efficacy with lower levels of self-efficacy, while interview data revealed multi-faceted motivators and challenges associated with behavioral adherence. These findings unearth complex lived-experiences within the context of perceived threat, response efficacy, and self-efficacy and explore the cognitive relationship between motivators and challenges to inherited cancer follow-up care decision making and behavioral adherence. This study demonstrates how anthropological practice can aid in inherited cancer research and be used to support the development of interventions that consider cognitive influences on behavior.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Organizational Change: 2020 Bronislaw Malinowski Award Address","authors":"Elizabeth K. Briody","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"This article represents my 2020 Bronislaw Malinowski Award Address that I delivered virtually at the 2021 Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meetings, March 23–27, 2021. The address focuses on the value of organizations as both a field of study and a place of employment for anthropologists. On the one hand, organizations have been largely excluded from anthropological field research in favor of research in communities. On the other, academic anthropology departments (applied anthropology programs excepted) have been largely reluctant to engage with anthropological practice and scholarship in the classroom or view organizations as a vital source of careers for their graduating students. I use my own career trajectory as a model to raise awareness of what anthropology might learn from organizations as well as what anthropologists might offer them. I will close with an initiative for a cross-section of the discipline to work together on the Career Readiness Commission to address the lack of student preparation and professionalization for careers in and for organizations.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46814845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}