Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ最新文献

{"title":"Actual Issues in Cargo and Commercial Work at Railway Stations","authors":"Natal'ya Magomedova, Vladimir Han","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-544-553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-544-553","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To consider the issue of interaction between carriers and counterparties using new approaches aimed at attracting customers to the transport services market, with the creation of a single mechanism based on digitalization. Methods: A number of works explore the issues of the location of warehouse areas. In them, the task is solved by various methods, such as the heuristic definition of the “center of gravity” for enterprises, the multi-criteria Choquet integral, the method of hierarchy analysis consisting in pairwise comparisons, as well as the author’s methods of economic and geographical modeling of transport systems, reflecting the geometric idea of the approach in transport and logistics research with the differentiation of “areas of influence”. Results: The necessity of creating a single mechanism of interaction between the carrier and the counterparty is indicated. The implementation of the set aspects is played by the nature of transportation, taking into account the nomenclature of goods. Preference should be directed to mass categories. In solving the set goals, it is possible to use the method of linear programming (equality). The necessity of conducting an additional study of the conjuncture of an economic entity has been identified. Practical significance: The necessity of creating a single digital platform for interaction of participants in the transportation process is shown, the implementation of which will speed up the process of solving problems aimed at using new tools that contribute to improving the work of an economic entity. The presented schemes of the location of warehouses can be recommended for practical use.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Algorithm for Evaluating the Publication Activity of University Lecturers Aimed at Improving Scientific and Pedagogical Activity","authors":"Petr Gerasimenko","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-731-739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-731-739","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To create a more effective algorithm for evaluating the publication activity of lecturers in comparison with the existing algorithms for the formation of the Hirsch index and ghp-index. Methods: The algorithm includes a mathematical description of all published works of the lecturer and their citations. The results of the scientific activity of the lecturer are reflected using the matrix form of recording statistical source data, consisting of citations for each published work of the author. The sequence of citations of publications in the matrix is determined by the non-increasing nature of citations in subsequent publications compared to the previous ones. The constructed matrix of the distribution of citations S by published works is rebuilt into a block matrix, which includes the following block matrices: H is the base matrix defining the Hirsch index; G is the matrix of significant publications located above the Hirsch matrix; P is the matrix of less-cited works of the lecturer; O is the zero matrix. The formed matrices have allowed the introduction of the following indices using Euclidean norms: h — Hirsch index, g — index of significant publications and p — index of intensive work. In turn, these indices have allowed to determine the following as Euclidean norms: gh — the index of basic significant publications, hp — the index of intensive work of a lecturer and a comprehensive ghp-index that takes into account all the published works of a lecturer and all their citations. The ghp-index has been improved by introducing weighting coefficients for its constituent indices. Results: The ratings of a team of 20 lecturers has been formed using a sample from the RSCI with the help of the Hirsch index and the A-ghp index. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more effective in comparison with the Hirsch index and other introduced indexes. Practical significance: The conducted research has allowed to substantiate the possibility of using an improved comprehensive index to distribute the incentives of a team of lecturers in a differentiated and fair manner according to their rating. The algorithm aims to improve the scientific and methodological activities of lecturers by providing fair and accurate ranking of the members of their collectives.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Dynamic Vibration Dampers to Increase the Stability of Tower Communication Structures under Wind Loads","authors":"Galina Bogdanova, Zhanna Ivanova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-660-672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-660-672","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the application of dynamic vibration dampers in communication tower structures to protect them from the effects of wind loads. Methods: To analyze the design features of existing tower structures. To consider the effect of various factors including wind loads on the choice of tower structure design. To analyze the climatic parameters of the construction area and to determine the type of tower structure as the subject for conducting this research. To determine the quality criteria of vibration damping, on the basis of which the selection of design dynamic vibration dampener (DVD) construction is carried out, and to calculate its weight. To conduct the calculation study of the selected type of building with regard to wind loads and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution of the dynamic vibration dampener to increase the stability of communication tower structures in areas with wind gusts over 25 m/s. Results: The results of the research of dynamic vibration dampener design aimed at improvement of operating conditions of telecommunication facilities in the areas with increased wind load are presented. Practical significance: It is shown that the use of dynamic vibration dampers in tower constructions of cellular communication makes it possible to reduce the vibration amplitude and the maximum horizontal displacements occurring in the tower structure under wind load.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of Design and Construction of Bridge Structures for Domestic High-Speed Railways","authors":"Vladimir Smirnov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-645-659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-645-659","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose is to highlight the state of the issue on the design and construction of domestic bridge structures for high-speed railways (HSR) and to develop proposals for structural and technical solutions for multi-span bridge structures of the overpass type, ensuring the operation of overpasses outside the resonance conditions. Methods: The method of analysis of structural and technological solutions of foreign bridge structures on HSR lines and design developments of domestic designers has been used. Results: The generalization of the world and domestic experience in the design and construction of the HSR infrastructure given in the article allows us to develop certain recommendations for the design and construction of bridge structures on the HSR in Russia. The relevance of the topic lies in the need to obtain data required for the construction of bridge facilities on the HSR in domestic conditions, since we do not have our own HSR yet. Practical significance: The article describes the design features of bridge structures on the HSR, the requirements for artificial structures operating in conditions of high-speed train traffic, describes bridge structures built abroad, as well as project and design developments of domestic design organizations. An assessment is given to some of the bridge facilities of the HSR built in Germany, South Korea, Spain. The high level of unique bridge structures of the HSR built in recent years in China is particularly emphasized. Proposals have been developed for structural and technological solutions of bridge multi-span regular structures in the form of overpasses based on the prevention of resonant effects in the “train — bridge” system during the movement of rolling stock at high speeds. The conclusion is made about the ability of the domestic bridge community to successfully solve the problems associated with the construction of bridge structures for domestic high-sp eed railways.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept, Features and Characteristics of Innovative Types of Transport and Logistics Services Utilization","authors":"Meylun' Van","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-568-576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-568-576","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of the characteristics and main trends in the use of innovative technologies in the formation of transport and logistics services. The relevance of the study is determined by the stage of digital transformation and development of innovative technologies, the results of which contribute to the formation and dissemination of innovative types of transport and logistics services. Methods: Subject-object, structural-functional approaches, methods of system analysis, comparative methods, statistical methods of research are applied in the work. The information base for the study of scientific work consists of reports and publications of the Federal State Statistics Service, materials from periodicals and the scientific platform elibrary.ru. Results: The paper considers the main factors stimulating the development of innovative types of transport and logistics services. Their characteristics and features of use are determined. The positive aspects and benefits of the development of innovations in the field of transport logistics are analyzed. The main problems and difficulties in the use of innovative types of transport and logistics services are considered. Examples of innovative technologies that are used to improve transport logistics services are given. An algorithm for creating a technological cluster of the transport and logistics system in Russia is proposed. Practical significance: The scientific article shows that modern companies face the importance of making decisions aimed at improving the strategic management of transport logistics. For them, changes are important to optimize the transport and logistics strategy and focus on creating new supply chains. Only in this way is it possible to ensure conditions within the business development organization during the period of external turbulence and logistical crisis. Digital transformation in transport logistics provides an increase in the economic efficiency of the logistics activities of organizations, reducing costs and improving the quality of supply chain management services. Given the rapid development of high technologies, the digitalization of the transport and logistics system will only accelerate.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"62 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methodology for the Formation of a Comprehensive System of Synchronization and Delivery of the Time Scale for a Large-Scale Distributed Technological Purpose System","authors":"Evgeniy Oparin","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-768-784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-768-784","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To develop scientific and technical solutions for constructing a comprehensive synchronization system and delivery of the time scale, which includes subsystems of network clock synchronization (NCS) and unified time (UT), as a unified timekeeping system addressing the challenges of frequency, time, and phase synchronization in large-scale distributed technological purpose systems. Methods: Research methods are based on the fundamental provisions of the theory of systems and the theory of decision-making. Results: A methodology for the formation of a comprehensive synchronization system and the delivery of a time scale is proposed, which is characterized by an integrated approach to building unified time and frequency systems in the communication networks of the technological segment, the independence of the types of generator equipment used and the means of delivery of NCS and UT signals, as well as meeting the requirements of potential consumers of frequency and time services. The proposed methodology for the formation of a comprehensive synchronization system and delivery of a time scale will allow to reasonably approach building systems for delivering unified time and frequency signals in complex heterogeneous communication networks. Practical significance: Solutions based on the presented methodology will allow the provision of an infrastructure independent of external communication operators to ensure the unity of network clock synchronization and unified time. This is necessary for the correct operation of telecommunication equipment of the technological communication network. The methodology will also meet the needs for providing a full range of synchronization and unified time signal services to existing and prospective consumers. Additionally, it will enable a gradual transition of the organization of communication networks from channel-swithching to packet-oriented technologies due to a flexible approach to the routes and transmission systems used for the distribution of synchronization signals and unified time.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structures in Bridge Constructions","authors":"Vitaliy Veselov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-633-644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-633-644","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To analyze the possible use of combined structures for bridge superstructures, to expand the range of steel-reinforced concrete structures, to explore innovative structural solutions for beams with low material consumption and increased reliability and durability. Methods: Analysis of the advantages of known combined structures, of materials used for their design, calculation of design options of bridge superstructures with the use of existing engineering techniques and involving calculation programs. Results: Traditional design solutions of bridge superstructures do not always have sufficient reliability and durability. A number of effective beam structures have been developed at the Department of “Building Structures, Buildings and Constructions” of the PGUPS, which can be used in bridge structures. New developments of beams with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and steel-fiber concrete are presented. A combined design of the bridge superstructure with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and steel-fiber concrete, protected by patents for inventions, is proposed. Static and constructive calculation of superstructure variants has been performed with the use of the SCAD computing complex, the stress-strain state of the structure has been analyzed, the reduction of material consumption, labor intensity and other advantages of the combined superstructure design in comparison with traditional solutions of superstructure costructions made of steel and reinforced concrete have been considered. Practical significance: The advantages of combined constructions for bridge structures have been identified, a decrease in the material intensity and labor intensity of the proposed design solutions has been established with an increase in the bending stiffness of the superstructure, its reliability and durability. The proposed structural solutions of beams can be used for bridges of large spans in conditions of heavy dynamic loads.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temple Buildings Made of Prefabricated Block Modules in Seismically Active Areas of Siberia and the Far East on the Example of the Trans-Baikal Region","authors":"Elena Tret'yakova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-614-632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-614-632","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the issues of the spread of Orthodox churches in remote areas of Siberia and the Far East. Questions of the use of block-modular structures in religious buildings in the conditions of seismic activity of the regions of Transbaikalia and the Far East, in particular, in the Trans-Baikal region. Methods: To analyze the canonical types of temples, their planning and volumetric-compositional solutions that have become widespread in the modern Orthodox architecture of the Russian Federation. To analyze the architectural features of modern Orthodox churches built at the beginning of the XXI century in different cities of the Russian Federation, which form the image of modern Orthodox domestic architecture by using non-traditional elements. To consider the influence of various factors on the formation of the image of modern Russian Orthodox churches. To analyze the role of traditions in the modern architecture of religious buildings. To determine the main directions of development of the construction of religious buildings. To conduct a study of the features of earthquakes in the designated region over the past 70 years. To analyze the current seismic conditions of the Trans-Baikal region. To conduct a study of the typology of temples that are possible for use in the Trans-Baikal region. To analyze the possibility of application and features of block-modular buildings made of various materials. To assess the degree of their possible modern implementation in the studied remote areas of Siberia and the Far East, especially in the territory of the Trans-Baikal region. Results: The main types of temples that are historically and climatically preferable for these areas are identified; various materials for the construction of temple buildings are presented, types of blocks made of logs are proposed, as well as types of blocks in frame design as the main standard block-modular structures for prefabricated religious buildings. Practical significance: It is shown that the use of block-modular structures as the main ones for the construction of buildings in areas remote from the centers allows solving the problem of the lack of Orthodox religious buildings in the region, significantly reducing the construction time of religious buildings and ensuring their seismic stability.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freezing Time Calculation of the Above-Ground Water Pipeline Under Conditions of Negative Temperatures","authors":"Vladimir Lapshin","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-740-750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-740-750","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: When the water movement in the pipeline is stopped in conditions of negative temperatures, its freezing and destruction are possible, which leads to the failure of water supply systems for a long time. For accident-free operation of the water pipeline, it is important to know the time during which its complete or partial freezing occurs. The purpose of this work is to study the physical processes that occur during freezing, to formulate the basic mathematical model and its numerical solution, to build an analytical solution in a quasistationary approximation, to obtain formulas that are convenient for freezing time calculation and to determine the range of parameter values at which they are valid. Methods: The mathematical model of the freezing process relies on the use of energy conservation law. When constructing a difference scheme, the integrointerpolation method is used to numerically solve the nonlinear differential equations of the model. To obtain an approximate analytical solution, the method of separating equations describing processes that occur at different speeds, is used. Results: The mathematical model of pipeline freezing during water movement shutdown under conditions of constant negative temperature of the surrounding atmosphere has been formulated and substantiated. Within the framework of the quasi-stationary approximation, simple formulas for the freezing time of the water pipeline have been obtained. The criteria for the applicability of these formulas have been established. The numerical solution of equations of initial mathematical model is compared with the results obtained within quasi-stationary approximation. Practical significance: The ratios obtained in the work make it possible to estimate the time during which repair work should be carried out and the movement of water in the pipeline should be restored before its destruction due to freezing occurs.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A System for the Joint Use of Coalbed Lean Methane and Biogas to Generate Electricity in Coal Mines","authors":"Aleksandr Haritonenko, Aleksey Zav'yalov, Yaroslav Zachinyaev","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-595-603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-595-603","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Justification and development of new resource-saving technologies aimed at utilization of coal bed methane. The problem of low efficiency of utilization of lean methane-air mixtures is primarily due to the low content of methane itself, which varies significantly depending on the type of coal or concentration. This paper discusses the concept of a co-production system that mixes low-methane methane-air mixtures and biogas to generate power. Methods: Analysis of the possible volumes of utilized methane, biogas requirements and the suitability of the primary feedstock for co-generation of heat and electricity. Selection of appropriate parameters for the processes of utilization of mine methane. Analysis of the merits of the proposed method of utilization of lean coal mine methane. Results: It is recommended that biogas produced by agriculture and forestry in the vicinity of the mines be added to the dry methane stream to obtain the necessary gas concentration for electricity generation. Potential electricity production and greenhouse gas emission reductions have also been evaluated. The result shows that the co-production system can significantly improve the efficiency of poor methane-air mixtures in coal mines. Practical significance: The joint use of lean methane and biogas from straw offers practical advantages both economically, ensuring sufficient energy supply in mines, and as a foundation for broad future prospects. It allows for energy cost reduction and environmental pollution reduction, such as decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.","PeriodicalId":476051,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiâ Peterburgskogo universiteta putej soobŝeniâ","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}