Journal of Innovations in Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Intra-Alveolar Hemorrhage of Unusual Etiology","authors":"Atig Amira, Thabet Maissa, Guiga Ahmed, B. Y. Wissal, G. Neirouz","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2024.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2024.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis use is steadily increasing worldwide and is an emerging public health problem. This consumption is responsible for harmful respiratory effects, including intra-alveolar hemorrhage. We report the case of a 26-year-old man admitted with exertional dyspnea and profuse hemoptysis. Investigations revealed intra-alveolar hemorrhage. Immunological and tuberculosis tests were negative. When the case history was taken again, it was noted that the patient had been a regular cannabis user for several years, and the blood and urine tests for toxic substances revealed the presence of tetra-hydro-cannabinoids. This case illustrates the seriousness of respiratory complications caused by cannabis, and highlights the need to emphasize the importance of weaning and educating young people.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfonylureas: A Widely Used Oral Anti-Hyperglycaemic Medication for Type 2 Diabetes Management","authors":"Devajit Mohajan, H. Mohajan","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2024.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2024.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fast growing epidemic and a public health concern all over the world due to its increased incidence and its devastating complications. Sulfonylureas (SUs) are oral glucose-lowering agents that are characterized by efficient glycemic control with cardiovascular safety and renal benefits, and use as the second-line drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although SUs have some side-effects, its glucose-lowering effect is immediate and stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin. It contributes to the development and progression of hypoglycaemia. It is used as an alternative or a complement to Metformin. SUs should be avoided by the elderly weak patients who are at high risk of hypoglycaemia. In this mini review the basic and clinical pharmacology of SUs are described.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary Vaccines: Unlocking the Power of Immunization for Livestock Health — A Review","authors":"Eriso Moges, Biruk Ushula, Israel Darcho","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2024.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2024.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are all biological substances produced from living things and administered to trigger the host’s body defense system to develop immunity against a specific pathogen from which they were produced. They work by stimulating either humoral or cell-mediated immunity, or both, to differentiate. There are several types of vaccines, like live attenuated, killed, or inactivated vaccines, cell membrane compounds, or toxoids. Vaccines are important for disease prevention, enhancing the efficiency of food production, and reducing or preventing transmission of zoonotic and foodborne infections to people. Even though vaccination is the most powerful and cost-effective weapon of disease prevention, there are several factors such as alterations in the vaccines, maternal antibodies, immunosuppression, wrong timing of vaccination, missing booster vaccination, inadequate dosage, and adjuvants used in the vaccine that can cause vaccine failure. Therefore, Care should be taken in vaccine handling, storing, transporting, and administering; care should be taken in the timing of vaccination; serotypes of agents should be identified before preparing vaccines; and there should be a training program for people who are involved in vaccination, vaccine storage, and handling activities to ensure vaccine potency and maximize effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"127 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Importance of Garcinia Kola: Evidences of Shielding Outcome Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Experimental Models","authors":"G.G. Akunna, A Freitas, V Keikwe, C.A. Lucyann, L.C. Saalu","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola) seeds on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 65-145g were randomly divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Group A (control) rats were orally administered with 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water daily for 2 weeks, group B rats were administered distilled water orally daily for 2 weeks (volume per body weight) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 0.4 m1/kg intraperitonially as a single application on day 14 of the experiment. Group C rats were administered 100 mg of silymarin / kg body weight once daily for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of CCl4 (0.4 m1) on day 14 of the experiment. Group D rats were administered 400 mg aqueous extract bitter kola (Garcinia kola) / kg body weight orally once daily for 2 weeks. Group E and F rats were administered 400 mg and 200 mg aqueous extract bitter kola (Garcinia kola) seed) orally once daily for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of CCl4 (0.4 m1) on day 14 respectively. At the end of the experiment. Garcinia kola seed aqueous extract caused significant decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the serum of the extract treated groups. Histopathological examinations revealed distortion of histoarchitecture such as, sinusoidal congestion, necrosis, steatosis and fibrosis was observed in group B. The administration of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seed remarkably inhibited histoarchitectural distortion induced by CCl4 administration. Effects of the extract at dose of 200mg/kg was comparable to the reference drug. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity as observed from the serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels in liver tissues. CCl4 induced a significant rise in AST, ALT, and ALP with an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduction lipid peroxidation (MDA). Treatment of the rats with the extract significantly (p<0.05) altered serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels to near normal compared with CCl4- treated rats (group B). The activity of the extract at dose of 400mg/kg (group F) was comparable to the standard drug confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections. Conclusion: Garcinia kola aqueous extract has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Bone Implant Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Xiaoning Liu, Hongshan San, Zhenhao Li, Guoqing Xiao, Wei Wang, Qiang Guo, Chenxu Luo, Zhibo Yang","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.05","url":null,"abstract":"Bone implants are currently a solution for the treatment of large bone defects. The structural design and manufacture of complex bone tissue engineering scaffolds can be realized by using additive manufacturing technology. Advances in additive manufacturing techniques and the continued emergence of related materials provide different opportunities for new bone implant techniques to achieve the challenging requirements of proposed bone implants. The purpose of this review is to present the current status and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various additive manufacturing for the manufacturing of bone implants. Five different manufacturing techniques (multilayer deposition forming, ink direct writing, laser melting, laser sintering, and light curing are reviewed.) and the currently required bone implants technology, and thus put forward the research and development direction of additive manufacturing suitable for bone implants.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discussion of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"Leqi Shen","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.02","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a triphasic hematological malignancy characterized by the presence of the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome, linked to causing uncontrolled myeloid cell proliferation in the bone marrow and marked changes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow microenvironments. The discovery of the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncogene from the balanced translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the Philadelphia chromosome, and its encoded tyrosine kinase protein has been linked to causing uncontrolled cell proliferation, leading to a subsequent development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). TKIs, along with traditional chemotherapy drugs and interferon treatment, have revolutionized CML treatment, enabling deep remissions and prolonging of the disease’s chronic phase. This review will introduce CML and comprehensively explore the epidemiology, molecular basis, pathology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for CML, including their mechanisms of action and challenges, such as TKI resistance, with a focus on TKIs as the workhorses of CML therapy. By reviewing the current known literature, this paper aims to contribute to and guide the pursuit of new knowledge and research.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Inductors of Proximity Associating DNA Damage-Binding Protein 2 and XIAP as Targeted Therapy for General Cancers","authors":"Leqi Shen","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"While all cancers are classified as uncontrolled proliferations of cells, they manifest in many forms and may arise from a wide range of cellular anomalies. It has thus made finding a universal targeted cancer therapy a highly desirable goal. Several common biochemical changes associated with oncogenesis have been described in literature across all cancers, namely the Warburg effect (Heiden et al., 2009) (Warburg, 1925) and resistance to apoptosis (Hanahan &amp; Weinburg, 2011). These hallmarks possess high potential to be used as targeting mechanisms in cancer treatment. Recent findings by Gourlsankar et al. have shown a promising new technique of linking the activity of a frequently activated cancer driver (B cell lymphoma 6) with an apoptosis promotor, allowing the creation of a synthetic biochemical pathway which rewires cancer driver activity to induce cell death, done through using a drug to covalently link two molecules that bond to each protein (Gourlsankar et al., 2023). While this approach specifically targeted diffuse large B cell lymphoma, it shows high promise for new strategies to approach eliminating cancer cells, namely in the artificial activation of tumor suppressor function through protein linkage and the consequent association in protein location within the cytosol. This paper aims to review the strategy of Gourlsankar et al., identifying ways to expand its concept towards generalized treatments using the hallmarks of cancer, and proposing a new theoretical drug mechanism using the linkage of DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2) with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) to induce cell death.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Biochemical Evaluation of the Testes of Hyperglycemic Guinea Pigs Treated with Cyperus Esculentus Extract","authors":"G.G. Akunna, Enyioma-Aloxie S., C.C. Wali, H.D. Umar, U.H Kabiru, F.A. Om’Iniabohs","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Cyperus esculentus extract on Testicular Morphology and Biochemistry post streptozotocin-treatment in Male Guinea Pigs. Twenty guinea pigs were divided into four groups containing five pigs each. Group A served as the negative control was treated with 5ml/kg body weight of normal saline orally, Group B were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally, Group C were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of STZ and daily treatment with 150mg/kg of CEE orally and Group D were treated with a single dose of 65mg/kg body weight of STZ and daily treatment with 150mg/kg of CEE orally for 20days. Morphological scores and biochemical evaluation were done. Results showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, number of spematogonia, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, levels of SOD and CAT as well as a significant increase in the level of MDA after the administration of STZ alone when compared to the control. A significant decrease in the levels of testosterone and FSH as well as a decrease in the level of LH was observed in group B when compared to the control. However, the groups that were co-treated with the extract had a better parameters and histological profiles when compared to the positive control group. CEE has a dose-dependent ameliorative effect on STZ-induced testicular hormonal, oxidative and histomorphometric degeneration.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Density of Tsetse Fly in Duguna Fango District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Asefa Israel Hidoto, Natinael Dawit Kalacho","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.03","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to April 2018 in Diguna Fango district in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia, with the objectives to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to assess the distribution and apparent densities of vectors of the trypanosomosis. A parasitological study using buffy coat technique was employed for the determination of prevalence of trypanosomosis while monoconical traps were used for the vector studies. A total of 192 cattle randomly selected from the study population were examined for the parasitological study. The result of parasitological study revealed that the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 7.3% in Duguna Fango district. The prevalence showed no significant difference in susceptibility between sex categories and in age groups (P&gt;0.05). From the infected animals the prevalence for trypanosome species was 14.3% and 85.7% for T. vivax and T. congolense, respectively. The mean PCV values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals were 19.7% and 25.7, respectively. About 20 monoconical traps in two kebele (Bilate and Anka) of Duguna Fango districts were deployed for 72 hours with odour attractants for the vector studies. There were 22 G. pallidipes and 43 tabanus had been collected from the study site with the respective density of 1.1 and 2.15 fly/trap/day. Therefore, implementing control of trypanosomosis with an integrated approach was paramount importance in areas of the study site.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"54 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Analysis of Electric Toothbrushes: Implications for Oral Care and Recommendations for Specific User Groups","authors":"Ming Huang","doi":"10.56397/jimr/2023.10.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.06","url":null,"abstract":"Oral diseases have a lot of adverse effects on people’s health. Oral care has become an important part of People’s Daily maintenance of oral health. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the type of electric toothbrush and a specific oral care population. This study will use the method of secondary research to review the relevant literature to answer the research questions. The results show that Oral-B is superior to Philips in both the treatment of gingivitis and plaque, but the Philips toothbrush still cleans better than a manual toothbrush. Secondly, children with disabilities can benefit from electric toothbrushes, because electric toothbrushes provide better plaque removal than manual toothbrushes. However, electric toothbrushes do not give disabled children the same cleaning results as ordinary people. Thirdly, in terms of enamel wear, sonic toothbrushes wear enamel more severely than vibrating toothbrushes. However, in terms of cementum, sonic toothbrush has less damage to cementum. In general, sonic toothbrushes are less harmful than vibrating toothbrushes. Practically speaking, this study suggests that ordinary consumers should choose Oral-B toothbrush more often than Philips toothbrush. Moreover, it is suggested that disabled children use electric toothbrushes to achieve better cleaning effect. However, as ordinary electric toothbrushes cannot make up for the defects of disabled children, it is suggested that relevant health institutions develop electric toothbrushes specially for disabled children. Furthermore, for those with sensitive and fragile teeth, the study recommends that they use a sonic toothbrush instead of vibrating toothbrush.","PeriodicalId":476009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovations in Medical Research","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}