{"title":"The Lynching of Allied Airmen","authors":"Claire Andrieu","doi":"10.1017/9781009266659.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009266659.013","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the lynching of Allied airmen in Germany raises questions of fact and interpretation alike. For, in attempting to establish the facts, one must rely on an indirect source: the war crimes trials brought by the Allies after the war. When conducted by an occupying power, such a posteriori investigations necessarily meet with more or less obvious resistance on the part of the newly occupied perpetrators. Interpreting these events, moreover, is made more difficult by the chronological conjunction of two main factors: from below, a violent popular reaction to the intensification of bombing and, from above, a policy of inciting murder against downed airmen. It is thus necessary to separate spontaneous anger from voluntary compliance with Nazi incitement and reveal their respective contributions to inducing men and women to take action. Provided that it was not the interaction of these two factors that provoked aggression.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"187-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Framing Environmental Human Rights in the Anthropocene","authors":"Michelle Scobie","doi":"10.1017/9781009039642.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009039642.002","url":null,"abstract":"One of the defining characteristics of the Anthropocene, characterised by a new and destructive human–nature relationship, is that for the first time in humanity's history, the access to a clean and healthy environment is uncertain for large groups of persons and ecosystems. This transformational shift in humankind's relationship to nature was the catalyst for a debate between scholars, policy-makers and environmental and human rights activists on whether there is a right to the environment and who would be the right and duty holders. To the extent that the intrinsic value and agency of nature is recognised, there is also the related question of the rights of nature, or the right of the environment not to suffer the effects of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2CE38D50FF7EA221B75B8F6A627038F0/9781316510773c1_9-30.pdf/framing-environmental-human-rights-in-the-anthropocene.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Landazuri, Nuria Lacuey Lecumberri, Laura Vilella Bertran, Mark Farrenburg, Samden Lhatoo
{"title":"Which Antiseizure Medicines Treat Epilepsy and How Do I Pick?","authors":"Patrick Landazuri, Nuria Lacuey Lecumberri, Laura Vilella Bertran, Mark Farrenburg, Samden Lhatoo","doi":"10.1017/9781009264976.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009264976.003","url":null,"abstract":"Antiseizure medicines (ASMs) are medicines that reduce seizure frequency. They work by influencing cellular electrical channels like sodium or neurotransmitters like GABA. They are very effective, with 65% of patients seizure-free within the first three ASMs that they take. Unfortunately, less than 1% of people are seizure-free with ASMs after failing three ASMs. These data inform the definition of drug-resistant epilepsy, which is failing two ASMs. Newer ASMs have not been found to be more effective. Lamotrigine has been shown to be better tolerated compared to several other medications. Divalproex has been specifically shown to be most effective for generalized epilepsy, but has a challenging side effect profile, particularly in women. Side effects can be a cause of poor ASM compliance. Proactively accounting for patient factors like psychiatric comorbidity or renal impairment can lead to better tolerability and thus improved compliance. Monotherapy is typically preferred. Polytherapy can be considered in specific situations as well.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue: Close to Home","authors":"Sally A. Nuamah","doi":"10.1017/9781009247436.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009247436.007","url":null,"abstract":"I am a native of the inner city of Chicago. I grew up in a low-income, government-subsidized housing complex, of which 99 percent of the residents were Blacks, called neighborhood commons, or “Orchard” for those who are from there. My mother still lives in this neighborhood today.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"142-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147918632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lying and Contemporary Christian Ethics","authors":"Stewart Clem","doi":"10.1017/9781009261418.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009261418.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I evaluate five constructive proposals, each motivated in some way by the Christian tradition, that aim to solve some difficult problems about lying. This evaluation highlights the uniqueness of the discourse among Christian ethicists on the morality of lying, while underscoring some of the major problems of this discourse.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Tabitha Stanmore","doi":"10.1017/9781009286695.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009286695.010","url":null,"abstract":"Magic is a constant across the world and throughout time. The place it inhabits in society and how those who practise it are treated are the variables; its presence is never a novelty. While witchcraft is recognised as a phenomenon of the medieval and early modern periods, service magic – performed to a useful end in exchange for a fee, and more common than witchcraft – has been overlooked. This book gathers over 700 instances of magic use in England between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries to demonstrate the entrenched nature of service magic in premodern society, and explore how it was perceived and incorporated into daily life. Service magic was well established by the time of the witch trials, and was recognised as a useful tool from at least the fourteenth century. It was used to meet needs that nothing else could address, like healing the chronically sick, finding lost goods, ending poverty by locating buried treasure, and kindling love. Though its use was technically illicit, first treated as a moral crime and then a secular one from the mid-sixteenth century, for most people magic was an accepted and even welcome aspect of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"246-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latin Americanisms","authors":"Fernando Degiovanni","doi":"10.1017/9781108976367.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108976367.008","url":null,"abstract":"Latin Americanism was a topic of intense intellectual scrutiny and political and social activism at the turn of the twentieth century. The rise of the United States as a global power triggered a wide range of debates on the idea present and future of Latin America as an integrated historical and cultural entity. By exploring the work of José Martí and José E. Rodó, who imagined Latin Americanism within the limits of the pedagogical sphere, as well as contributions of Manuel Ugarte and the leaders of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA), who attempted to transform it into a militant movement connected to politics on the streets, this chapter shows both the possibilities and limitations of a university-based reformist project in constant search of expanding its social bases and institutional support. Issues of gender bias, language dominance, and ethnic hierarchies are at the center of this discussion about the challenges that Latin Americanism has faced over time.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guano and Nitrates","authors":"Lisa Burner","doi":"10.1017/9781108976367.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108976367.003","url":null,"abstract":"Exports of the agricultural fertilizers guano and nitrates spurred bursts of economic euphoria and decline on South America’s Pacific coast, first in Peru and then in Chile. This chapter analyzes fiction and economic essays from Peru’s guano era (1840s–1870s) and Chile’s nitrate era (1880s–1920s). In both contexts, intellectuals voiced concerns that the financial abundance brought by fertilizer exports would reveal itself to be “fictitious prosperity,” both ecologically and economically unsustainable. These anxieties, moreover, infuse novels that dramatize urban elite society in times of fertilizer-driven abundance: Benjamín Cisneros’s Julia (Peru, 1861) and Luis Orrego Luco’s Casa grande (Chile, 1908). By tracing shared tropes across literary genre as well as temporal and national context, the chapter illustrates how elites expressed concerns about economic booms marked by debt, financial speculation, and the export of a single, exhaustible natural resource.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Latinx/Chicanx Thought","authors":"Ariana E. Vigil","doi":"10.1017/9781108976459.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108976459.013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores new developments in Latinx/Chicanx literature and thought, focusing on three interrelated issues. The chapter first discusses the adoption of the term “Latinx.” Then, the author highlights recent work from previously underrepresented communities, including Afro- Latinx, Central American-American, and undocumented writers. The chapter concludes with an examination of innovation in the realm of genre, including memoir and young adult literature. Throughout, particular attention is given to the role of gender and sexuality alongside questions of race and nationality.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"185-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performing <i>The Wonder</i> in Sumatra","authors":"Kathleen Wilson","doi":"10.1017/9781108786317.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108786317.009","url":null,"abstract":"A pluriversal analysis of eighteenth-century British imperial designations of space, place and peoples through the contending performances cultures of British Sumatra as relayed by young naturalist William Marsden. In Bencoolen from 1771 to 1778, Marsden demonstrated that the island was the center of a new world historical language stretching from Madagascar to Easter Island. Here a performance of The Wonder! A Woman Keeps a Secret, in conjunction with the gathering of materials for his future history of Sumatra, galvanized new appreciation for Sumatrans’ diverse cultures and their place in Britain’s glbal history.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"369-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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