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Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Services 陆地和淡水生态系统及其服务
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1017/9781009325844.004
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
{"title":"Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Services","authors":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)","doi":"10.1017/9781009325844.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, including their component species and the services they provide to people. Where possible, differences among regions, taxonomic groups and ecosystem types are presented. Adaptation options to reduce risks to ecosystems and people are assessed.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"197-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/11743E866F800FF99CECE1CADF03F154/stamped-9781009325837c2_197-378.pdf/terrestrial-and-freshwater-ecosystems-and-their-services.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 144
Healthcare Decision-Making for Cost-Effectiveness 医疗保健决策的成本效益
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1017/9781009212021.012
Ramalingam Shanmugam
{"title":"Healthcare Decision-Making for Cost-Effectiveness","authors":"Ramalingam Shanmugam","doi":"10.1017/9781009212021.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009212021.012","url":null,"abstract":"Economic value and cost-effectiveness are integral parts of a sound healthcare operation. Cost-effectiveness focuses on quality-adjusted life years (QALY). A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) aims to attain maximum health benefits with limited consumption of resources. The cost is, of course, a value gained from the use of resources elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"244-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
My Poem’s Epic 我的诗的史诗
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/9781009366229.002
Richard Cronin
{"title":"My Poem’s Epic","authors":"Richard Cronin","doi":"10.1017/9781009366229.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009366229.002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 asks what kind of poem Don Juan is. It asks whether Byron’s claim, ‘my poem’s epic,’ is serious or whether, as he told John Murray, it was a poem written with no intention other than to ‘giggle and make giggle.’ It arrives at the conclusion that Byron wrote Don Juan at a time when the epic poem, the poem that truly expressed the spirit of its age, could succeed only if it agreed also to be trivial. The epic poem of the 1820s could only achieve epic status by being, to echo a phrase of Angela Esterhammer’s, profoundly trivial.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Especially upon a Printed Page 尤其是在印刷的书页上
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/9781009366229.004
Richard Cronin
{"title":"Especially upon a Printed Page","authors":"Richard Cronin","doi":"10.1017/9781009366229.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009366229.004","url":null,"abstract":"Byron is unusual amongst epic poets in thinking of his poem not as the ‘single wonder of a thousand years,’ but as taking its place in the contemporary publishing industry. His cool awareness that Don Juan is a poem offered for sale in the literary marketplace disqualified for many readers its title to be a work of literature at all, let alone to be the epic poem of the age, but, as I suggest in Chapter 3, one reason that Byron’s poem has a better claim to embody the age’s spirit than The Prelude or The Excursion or, for that matter, Southey’s Joan of Arc or The Curse of Kehama, is because it can accommodate so many of the kinds of writing produced in Britain in the 1820s. It finds room for all kinds of writing from novels to advertisements in newspapers. The epic was the highest kind of literature but the epic of the nineteenth century had to accommodate all those kinds of writing that earlier epic poets would have thought of as beneath them.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Governance of Firms, Poverty and Shared Responsibilities for Human Rights in UNGPs: Smart-Mix Regulation and CSR within Coalitions of the (Un)Willing UNGPs中的企业治理、贫困和共同人权责任：（Un）意愿联盟中的智能混合监管和企业社会责任
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108558006.004
Onyeka K. Osuji
{"title":"Governance of Firms, Poverty and Shared Responsibilities for Human Rights in UNGPs: Smart-Mix Regulation and CSR within Coalitions of the (Un)Willing","authors":"Onyeka K. Osuji","doi":"10.1017/9781108558006.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108558006.004","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter uses global poverty as a case study subset of human rights to expand the smart-mix regulation discourse to the field of human rights where there is little legal affirmation of the methods for tackling challenges. It shows how the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) exemplify governance reluctance and uncertainties in international human rights law. It argues that, if properly designed, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can potentially address governance gaps for human rights beyond the scope of the UNGPs. The chapter further shows that CSR can be utilised by willing actors for safeguarding rights and combating the unwillingness of powerful political and economic entities to accept the legalisation of business responsibility for human rights.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The History of South Asian Global Migration 南亚全球移民史
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/9781108767071.005
Crispin Bates
{"title":"The History of South Asian Global Migration","authors":"Crispin Bates","doi":"10.1017/9781108767071.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108767071.005","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 2 of The Cambridge History of Global Migrations presents an authoritative overview of the various continuities and changes in migration and globalization from the 1800s to the present day. Despite revolutionary changes in communication technologies, the growing accessibility of long-distance travel, and globalization across major economies, the rise of nation-states empowered immigration regulation and bureaucratic capacities for enforcement that curtailed migration. One major theme worldwide across the post-1800 centuries was the differentiation between “skilled” and “unskilled” workers, often considered through a racialized lens; it emerged as the primary divide between greater rights of immigration and citizenship for the former, and confinement to temporary or unauthorized migrant status for the latter. Through thirty-one chapters, this volume further evaluates the long global history of migration; and it shows that despite the increased disciplinary systems, the primacy of migration remains and continues to shape political, economic, and social landscapes around the world.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Calcified Structures as Potential Evidence of Atherosclerosis Associated with Human Skeletal Remains from Amara West, Nubia (1300–800 BCE) 努比亚阿马拉西部（公元前1300-800年）人类骨骼遗骸中与动脉粥样硬化相关的钙化结构
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108648561.011
Michaela Binder, Charlotte A. Roberts
{"title":"Calcified Structures as Potential Evidence of Atherosclerosis Associated with Human Skeletal Remains from Amara West, Nubia (1300–800 BCE)","authors":"Michaela Binder, Charlotte A. Roberts","doi":"10.1017/9781108648561.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108648561.011","url":null,"abstract":"The Papyrus Ebers, written in ancient Egypt in c. 1550 BCE, provides the earliest known historic medical description of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), likely attesting to the widespread occurrence of these conditions (Nunn, 1996: 85–7). However, evidence to prove that they were indeed a frequent health problem in antiquity remains scarce and confined to mummified remains despite the multitude of human remains discovered and analysed since the beginning of archaeological exploration of the Nile Valley (Davies & Walker, 1993; Binder 2019).","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"147-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Psychology of Consumer Dignity 消费者尊严心理学
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/9781009243957.017
Tom Wein, Sakshi Ghai, Cait Lamberton, Neela A. Saldanha
{"title":"The Psychology of Consumer Dignity","authors":"Tom Wein, Sakshi Ghai, Cait Lamberton, Neela A. Saldanha","doi":"10.1017/9781009243957.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009243957.017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter situates the distinctive nature of dignity within the marketplace and offers tractable ways for scholars to integrate it in consumer research. We first shed light on the theoretical and practical power of dignity as grounded in psychology, examining it on different levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cultural. We then begin to conceptualize the construct of consumer dignity and propose three specific levers by which it may be affirmed or denied: recognition, agency, and equality. Finally, we present emerging evidence to illustrate the operation of these levers and discuss how consumer dignity might be applied to build inclusive firms, organizations, and societies.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"387-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Salman Rushdie and Postmodernism 萨尔曼·拉什迪与后现代主义
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1017/9781009082624.030
Peter Morey
{"title":"Salman Rushdie and Postmodernism","authors":"Peter Morey","doi":"10.1017/9781009082624.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082624.030","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the ways in which Rushdie and his work can be understood in the context of the aesthetics and ideologies of postmodernism. Rushdie's novels deploy postmodern fictional devices, such as intertextuality and metafictional interruptions, to explore questions of politics, epistemology, and ontology. In his early work, Rushdie provides an instance of both the potential for postmodern techniques to craft original political perspectives commensurate with the aims of postcolonialism, and the limitations of a western theoretical perspective sceptical of those grand narratives of history and subjectivity over which postcolonial subjects were only now gaining purchase. His status as literary spokesperson for immigrant communities in Britain was revised after the Satanic Verses affair, and subsequent novels are sometimes found to lack the radical critique offered by the early work. This chapter argues that the development of Rushdie's writing – particularly in recent volumes – shows evidence of a move away from the deconstructive application of postmodern strategies in particular postcolonial contexts to challenge political master-narratives, and towards a more general exploration of classical humanist themes such as love, good and evil, life and death. This chapter ends with illustrative readings of two recent Rushdie novels, The Golden House and Quichotte.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"318-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Logical Pluralism Introduced 逻辑多元论
Cambridge University Press eBooks Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1017/9781108859585.002
Erik Stei
{"title":"Logical Pluralism Introduced","authors":"Erik Stei","doi":"10.1017/9781108859585.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108859585.002","url":null,"abstract":"In its most general form, logical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. I call this generic claim \"the plurality thesis\". Different versions of logical pluralism emerge with different implementations of that thesis and, most notably, of its key components logic and correctness. On some readings of the plurality thesis, logical pluralism is completely uncontroversial, on others it may turn out to be a rather exciting position. In this opening chapter, I identify an interesting, revisionist reading of the plurality thesis that is inconsistent with both logical monism and logical nihilism. Logical pluralism, so understood, claims that there are at least two correct theories of logical consequence. The chapter sketches historical developments of the view and gives an outline of the arguments defended in the book.","PeriodicalId":475906,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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