{"title":"The long-term economic impact of water quality: Evidence from rural drinking water program in China","authors":"Yingjie Liu , Ying Tan , Xun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The provision of safe and clean drinking water is a key component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This paper examines the long-term economic benefit to rural residents in China from a major water treatment program started in the 1980s. By employing a data set covering almost three decades and utilizing Difference-in-Difference (DID) approach, we find that, on average, the program led to a 28.4 % increase in individual gross income. Residents with access to treated water in early life experienced significantly higher gains in income. Villages that are poorer and more remote also benefit more. Mechanically, the program has saved time spent on fetching water, spent more time on agricultural activities, improved health status, and alleviated the negative impacts of drought, through which it helps raise individual gross income.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does flexible tax enforcement affect TFP? China’s exceptional approach","authors":"Jun Zhu , Zhiwei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To explore the relationship between flexible tax enforcement and enterprises’ business decisions, we use a difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the impact of flexible tax enforcement on enterprises’ TFP through China’s tax credit grading system. The findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, flexible tax enforcement will enhance the TFP of A-grade taxpayers. Secondly, two mechanisms exist to improve firms’ TFP through flexible tax enforcement. One is to stimulate enterprises to carry out R&D and innovation, and the other is to enhance the long-term awareness of managers. Finally, the promotion effect of flexible tax enforcement on non-state-owned enterprises is greater than on state-owned enterprises, and the effect on total factor productivity is more pronounced in areas of high fiscal pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengyang Zhang , Shuo Zhang , Yu Liu , Rui Peng , Kuo Feng
{"title":"China's Low-carbon city policy and manufacturing firms' servitization: Do environmental regulations matterʔ","authors":"Pengyang Zhang , Shuo Zhang , Yu Liu , Rui Peng , Kuo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manufacturing servitization is an effective way to improve both environmental performance and economic benefits in developing countries. In this paper, we first propose the firm-level manufacturing servitization (FMS) measurement method. Then, based on Chinese firm-level data for 2000–2015, we take low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) policy implementation as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the effect of low-carbon city governance on FMS. The propensity score matching-difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) model results indicate that the construction of LCCP policy could significantly improve FMS. In addition, we explain the promoting effect of low-carbon city governance on FMS by enhancing innovation intensity and promoting pollution factor substitution. Specifically, low-carbon city governance increases the innovation intensity of enterprises and promotes service factors as substitutes for other pollution production factors, changing the service factor input structure. Furthermore, by dynamically decomposing aggregate FMS growth, we found that LCCP policy generates a positive within-firm effect for surviving enterprises. However, the role of the resource reallocation effect has not been fully explored. Based on the findings, this study offers more theoretical backing and empirical substantiation for developing countries' pursuit of simultaneously achieving sustainability and economic growth under environmental regulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflation comovement in emerging economies: The facts and impact of global prices","authors":"Samigjon Inogamov, Roberto Leon-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traditional notion that inflation is a domestic monetary phenomenon has been challenged by the existence of global inflationary factors that cause inflation comovement patterns. Understanding and estimating such comovement and its drivers is critical for effective policymaking. This study analyzes the temporal pattern and determining factors of inflation comovement of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, comparing it to other former Eastern Bloc economies that entered the European Union (EU), and to other groups of advanced economies. We use monthly data on 26 countries classified into four groups and examine headline, core, food and utilities inflation from December 2006 to October 2021. We find that inflation comovement increased over the study period for all inflation categories, except food inflation, for all groups of countries, with comovement in CIS countries being the lowest. Moreover, positive changes in global energy prices significantly impact CIS inflation comovement, but not negative changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007824000897/pdfft?md5=8ce7e7331cbf00cea1e5347e6185d7cd&pid=1-s2.0-S1049007824000897-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141941501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To leave or to stay: Digital economy development and migrant workers’ location","authors":"Lingzheng Yu , Jiannan Wang , Shiyan Lou , Xiahai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vigorous development of the digital economy will reshape labour demand, which in turn will affect the workplace choice of migrant workers and then their location. Taking the large-scale and highly-mobile immigrant workers in urban China as the research population, this paper conducted an empirical research on the impact of the digital economy on labour location using the data from the China Labour-force Dynamic Survey (2012–2016). Results show that the more developed a city’s digital economy is, the more immigrants the city can attract and absorb. Analysis of the impact channels shows that the attraction of the digital economy to immigrants stems mainly from entrepreneurial opportunity provision and skill utilization enhancement effects. There is individual heterogeneity in the impact of the digital economy, with low-skilled, rural, or high communication ability migrant workers likely to be positively impacted by the development of the urban digital economy. While local governments are committed to digital technology-driven economic transformation, they should nonetheless promote the training of workers in the new era to achieve a better match between digital development and labour market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Job insecurity and fertility: Evidence from massive lay-offs in urban China","authors":"Da Zhao , Jun Zhang , Jue Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We exploit a staggered reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the late 1990s in China to provide plausibly causal evidence that job insecurity has a first-order impact on fertility. Prior to the reform, unemployment rates were low and job security for SOE workers paralleled that of government employees. Post-reform, numerous SOE employees were laid off and their contracts were no longer permanent, but government employees continued to enjoy high levels of job security. We find that the reform caused SOE employees who retained their positions to delay having their first child by 0.718 years. The spillover effects are sizable: employees in the untargeted private sector delay starting a family by 0.387 years. Despite the importance of family lineage in China at the time, our findings indicate that the fertility response transcended mere birth timing adjustments, and decreased couples’ likelihood of having children. Specifically, the reform initially reduced the number of births by 8.4 % in the short run and had a more pronounced long-term effect on completed fertility at age 45.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee satisfaction and digital transformation: Evidence from China’s Top 100 Best Employers list","authors":"Ce Cao , Duxuan Zeng , Qiong Wan , Yifei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises from 2011 to 2020, this study measures listed enterprises’ employee satisfaction according to whether they were included in China’s Top 100 Best Employers (Top 100) list to investigate the impact of employee satisfaction on enterprises’ digital transformation. The study determines that enterprises on the Top 100 list with high employee satisfaction are correlated with driving digital transformation. This conclusion remains valid after considering endogeneity and conducting various robustness tests, supporting the stakeholder theory hypothesis. Mechanism tests demonstrate that employee satisfaction promotes enterprise digital transformation through three mechanism channels of human capital agglomeration, technological innovation, and mitigation of managerial myopia. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that employee satisfaction promotes enterprises’ digital transformation more significantly in non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises with high industry concentration, and those with high research and development intensity. Furthermore, enterprises with higher employee satisfaction exhibit better financial status, which improves innovation efficiency, increases income, and promotes scale expansion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianqiang Li , Ailian Hu , Wanyi Chen , Shiyao Fang
{"title":"Social security fee reduction, industrial robots, and labor income share","authors":"Jianqiang Li , Ailian Hu , Wanyi Chen , Shiyao Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores whether the policy of reducing labor payments can have opposite effects to those expected. Specifically, it investigates whether reducing the social insurance contribution rate can increase labor employment and enhance overall labor income. This study focuses on a direct social security fee reduction event in China. This event targets labor-intensive enterprises and encourages adopting industrial robots. By leveraging this quasi-natural experiment, we construct a mathematical model. Further, using a triple-difference strategy, we examine the impact of social security fee reduction on firm factor structures and income distribution. This study observes that a social security fee reduction decreases the labor income share of enterprises. However, this only applies to non-small and medium-sized enterprises (non-SMEs) and is not observed in SMEs. Consequently, because of the social security fee reduction, automation is the primary cause of the decline in the labor income share. The reduction in social security fees enables companies to use the saved funds for further automation, causing labor productivity to exceed labor costs and ultimately reducing the labor income share. The findings suggest that industrial specialization is one of the reasons for labor income share decline in transitioning economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmission of external shocks and regional heterogeneity: Evidence from Korean province-level data","authors":"Min-Su Chung , Hyunjoon Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper uses panel local projection methodology to analyze Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and employment responses to external shocks, including US monetary policy, oil price, and geopolitical risk shocks. Our main findings are that the effects of US monetary policy and oil price shocks manifest with a lag of one to two years, while the impact of geopolitical risk shocks is estimated to occur immediately and dissipate rapidly. The factors behind heterogeneity in regional economic responses to external shocks were identified as income levels, industrial and demographic structures, household indebtedness, and global integration. These findings suggest that external shocks can exert heterogeneous effects depending on the nature of each region, primarily influenced by their industrial structure and economic vulnerability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factor market distortion and corporate innovation: Theory and evidence from China","authors":"Fu Xin , Ran Sheng , Jie Zhang , Kairui Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper models the effect of distortion in factor markets on corporate innovation in a developing country, where the factor markets are underdeveloped in contrast to product markets. The distortion between factor markets and product markets has deteriorated the capability of firms to obtain profits, thereby dampening the incentives of firms to invest in innovation. Using a detailed firm-level dataset with manufacturing corporate innovation activities from 2008 to 2014, we testify to the prediction from the theoretical models that distortion depresses corporate R&D investment as well as R&D per capita. We strengthen our results using an IV approach to address reverse causality. Overall, our results have shed light on an emerging literature on distortion and innovation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}