Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities最新文献

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Incorporating Choice: Examining the Beliefs and Practices of Behavior Analysts Working with Individuals with Disabilities 纳入选择:考察从事残疾人工作的行为分析师的信念与实践
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09987-z
Yev Veverka, Adriana Luna, Ashley Penney, Katherine Bateman, Malika Pritchett, Ilene Schwartz, Zeyad Zaino
{"title":"Incorporating Choice: Examining the Beliefs and Practices of Behavior Analysts Working with Individuals with Disabilities","authors":"Yev Veverka, Adriana Luna, Ashley Penney, Katherine Bateman, Malika Pritchett, Ilene Schwartz, Zeyad Zaino","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09987-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09987-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Choice-making for individuals with disabilities is an important topic in the field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Choice is a fundamental human right, and opportunities to make decisions about an individual's own life honors and respects dignity and autonomy. This study explores the beliefs and practices of behavior analysts in relation to choice-making for individuals with disabilities. A total of 81 practicing behavior analysts participated in an online survey that assessed their training experience, beliefs about choice, and reported practices regarding choice in ABA service delivery. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to compare beliefs and practices. Results showed that while most behavior analysts strongly agreed that choice should be incorporated into ABA services, discrepancies were observed between beliefs and actual practice regarding various factors that influence opportunities to make choices. Multiple barriers to providing choice-making opportunities were identified. The findings underscore the need for increased training and coursework on the subject of choice as well as changes in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differences in Executive Functioning for children with additional learning needs and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attachment Disorder 有额外学习需求和自闭症谱系障碍或依恋障碍的儿童在执行功能方面的差异
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09986-0
Joanna Davies, Rob Keasley, Phil Reed
{"title":"Differences in Executive Functioning for children with additional learning needs and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attachment Disorder","authors":"Joanna Davies, Rob Keasley, Phil Reed","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09986-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09986-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored overlaps in diagnosis and characteristics of children (9–16 years old) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attachment Disorder (AD) as they related to Executive Function (EF) to determine whether differences in EF would differentiate between the two conditions. A sample of 79 pupils with comorbid learning disabilities was examined in terms of their clinical diagnoses and psychometric traits, as well as on four EF tasks (WCST, Hungry Donkey, Stroop, and Tower of London). 25% of the sample met clinical diagnostic criteria for both ASD and AD, and a similar overlap was noted when using psychometric assessments. Little difference between the EF performances of individuals with ASD and AD was noted. There was slightly better AD performance on cold EF tasks requiring attentional shifting, and slightly better performance for ASD on hot tasks requiring inhibition. However, these differences would be of limited use in differentiating between the conditions for a learning-disabled population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing Assent and Treatment Outcomes: A Case Study on Responding to Aversive Ambient Auditory Stimuli for an Autistic Adult 增强同意和治疗效果:自闭症成人对环境中的厌恶性听觉刺激做出反应的案例研究
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09989-x
Faris R. Kronfli, J. Stephanie Gonzalez, Malchijah T. Williams, Timothy R. Vollmer
{"title":"Enhancing Assent and Treatment Outcomes: A Case Study on Responding to Aversive Ambient Auditory Stimuli for an Autistic Adult","authors":"Faris R. Kronfli, J. Stephanie Gonzalez, Malchijah T. Williams, Timothy R. Vollmer","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09989-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09989-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explored assent procedures to promote assent and treatment effectiveness for an autistic adult. The objective, at the request of the participant, was to evaluate an innovative approach to (a) identify aversive auditory stimuli and (b) teach Steven, a 19-year-old male, appropriate responses in the presence of these stimuli without directly exposing him to the stimuli. The results suggest that the procedures effectively identified auditory stimuli for assessment and taught the participant to avoid the aversive stimuli appropriately (that is, in ways that were not dangerous). Through the implementation of this novel approach, assent and treatment effectiveness were enhanced for the autistic individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social and language regression: characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder in a community-based sample. 社会和语言回归:社区样本中自闭症谱系障碍儿童的特征
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-023-09929-1
Nuri Reyes, Gnakub Norbert Soke, Lisa Wiggins, Brian Barger, Eric Moody, Cordelia Rosenberg, Laura Schieve, Judith Reaven, Ann M Reynolds, Susan Hepburn
{"title":"Social and language regression: characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder in a community-based sample.","authors":"Nuri Reyes, Gnakub Norbert Soke, Lisa Wiggins, Brian Barger, Eric Moody, Cordelia Rosenberg, Laura Schieve, Judith Reaven, Ann M Reynolds, Susan Hepburn","doi":"10.1007/s10882-023-09929-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10882-023-09929-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the prevalence, and the developmental, behavior and emotional outcomes of 675 preschoolers with ASD with or without a history of regression, who participated in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). The SEED project is a cross-sectional case-control study that collected data between 2007 and 2011. Children's history of regression, adaptive skills, and behavior problems were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition (Vineland-2), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively; and children's developmental levels were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Learning (MSEL). Findings from this study indicated that 26% of children experienced social and language regression, and of those with regression, 76% had regained lost skills upon completion of the study. Compared to children without a history of regression, children with social regression demonstrated increased internalizing problems and decreased fine motor skills, and children with language regression demonstrated poorer language skills. Also, children with language and social regression displayed poorer adaptive communication skills than children without regression. Children who experienced regression in one area of development demonstrated better outcomes than those who experience regression in multiple areas. To conclude, children with regression are at risk for poorer outcomes during their preschool years.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":" ","pages":"713-728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42332214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspectives of Transition-Aged Youth with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities about Self-Advocacy and Civic Engagement 智力和/或发育障碍的过渡年龄青少年对自我倡导和公民参与的看法
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09985-1
Megan Best, Meghan Burke, Zach Rossetti, Sarah Demissie, Oscar Hughes, Manual Ramirez, Tim Kunzier
{"title":"Perspectives of Transition-Aged Youth with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities about Self-Advocacy and Civic Engagement","authors":"Megan Best, Meghan Burke, Zach Rossetti, Sarah Demissie, Oscar Hughes, Manual Ramirez, Tim Kunzier","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09985-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09985-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In alignment with the rallying cry of the self-advocacy movement, it is critical to center the perspectives of people with disabilities about their lived experiences. Yet, little is known about how youth with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) engage in self-advocacy and civic engagement in special education. We conducted focus groups with 15 transition-aged youth with IDD across four states about self-advocacy and civic engagement. Youth with IDD reported engaging in self-advocacy at school, but outside of their individualized education program meetings. Parent advocacy and positive partnerships with educators promoted youth self-advocacy. Youth reported minimal involvement in civic engagement, but they had suggestions for systemic changes to special education. Implications for research and practice are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Multisensory Environments with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review 对发育障碍人士使用多感官环境:系统回顾
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09982-4
Jennifer Stephenson, Mark Carter
{"title":"The Use of Multisensory Environments with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jennifer Stephenson, Mark Carter","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09982-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09982-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multi-sensory rooms were originally intended as a leisure option for people with severe disabilities living in institutions. Their use has extended far beyond this and proponents, particularly equipment suppliers, continue to claim a range of benefits beyond provision of a leisure experience. We review the literature on the effects of MSEs on people with developmental disabilities other than autism spectrum disorders. The research examined was predominately of very poor quality, limiting conclusions that can be drawn. MSEs were used in a variety of ways with the wide range of outcomes measured addressing reduction of challenging behaviours and promoting more desirable behaviours. The majority of reported results were mixed or negative, with better quality studies more likely to report no effects. Overall, based on the available evidence, the use of MSEs cannot be recommended as an intervention option for individuals with developmental disabilities, but they may have a limited role as a leisure option.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Technology Use in Autistic Adults 自闭症成人的体育活动、久坐时间和技术使用之间的关系
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09983-3
Daehyoung Lee, Donetta J. Cothran, John M. Kennedy, Patrick C. Shih, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie Dickinson, Georgia C. Frey
{"title":"Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Technology Use in Autistic Adults","authors":"Daehyoung Lee, Donetta J. Cothran, John M. Kennedy, Patrick C. Shih, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie Dickinson, Georgia C. Frey","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09983-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09983-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is little understanding of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior as preventive health behaviors in autistic adults. Technology has been used as an educational and social intervention tool for autistic individuals, yet it is also associated with low PA and high sedentary time (ST) in the neurotypical population. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self-reported PA and ST and their relationships with various technology uses in autistic adults. We employed a Qualtrics online survey that consisted of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, and National Alliance for Mental Illness’s digital technology use survey. 229 responses (74.6% under 35 years of age; 64.1% males) satisfied the response validity criteria and were included in the analyses. The majority of participants (78%) met the recommended PA amount of ≥ 600 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week (median, 1,812 total MET-minutes/week), but they were also overly sedentary on both weekdays (median, 8 h/day) and weekends (median, 7 h/day). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that variance of ST in weekday (45%) and weekend (43%) was largely explained by quality of life (<i>β</i> = -0.31; <i>β</i> = -0.33) and technology use time (<i>β</i> = 0.31; <i>β</i> = 0.26) (all <i>p</i> &lt; .01). While technology can be an effective tool to support social and academic abilities in autistic adults, the use of technology devices needs to be monitored with care as it may put these individuals at risk for sedentary lifestyles and associated chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Support and Optimism in deaf and hard-of-hearing College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Belief about Adversity 聋人和重听大学生的社会支持与乐观主义:逆境信念的调节中介模型
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09984-2
Ye Luo, Tian Xu, Yuanfei Liu, Guofeng Yu, Guanjun Bao
{"title":"Social Support and Optimism in deaf and hard-of-hearing College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Belief about Adversity","authors":"Ye Luo, Tian Xu, Yuanfei Liu, Guofeng Yu, Guanjun Bao","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09984-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09984-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purposes</h3><p>Few studies focus on the mental health of deaf population. This study aims to explore the association between social support and optimism and advance knowledge of why and for whom increased social support was effective. 771 deaf and hard-of-hearing (D/HH) students from two special education colleges in China were investigated. Questionnaires regarding social support, belief about adversity and optimism were distributed online. Multivariate linear regression and structural equation model were performed to examine mediating and moderating effects. This study found that perceived social support was positively associated with optimism in 771 Chinese college students who were D/HH. The study also found that having a belief in being able to face adversity successfully was associated with great social support. The relationship between a positive perspective regarding dealing with adversity and optimism was moderated by gender. For females, a positive belief regarding dealing with adversity was related to optimism. For males there was no relationship between belief about adversity and optimism. Additional consideration needs to be given to those D/HH students who report little social support and to females who do not believe they can successfully overcome adversity. Our study identified the risk population for intervention to improve mental health and well-being in D/HHcommunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Instrumental Support: Accounts from Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 工具性支持:来自智力和发育障碍成人的叙述
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09981-5
Catherine Keiling Arnold, Sarah Parker Harris
{"title":"Instrumental Support: Accounts from Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Catherine Keiling Arnold, Sarah Parker Harris","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09981-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09981-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This qualitative study used an inclusive and participatory research approach to examine the perspectives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) on instrumental supports. Instrumental supports include concrete and direct ways people assist others in solving a problem or accomplishing a task, including helping to access and navigate formal supports and services. Natural supporters play essential roles in setting up and maintaining formal supports for individuals with IDD. Family members that provide instrumental support are responsible for integrating the formal and informal supports for the best mix of supports based on the person with IDD’s needs and preferences. This study examined the instrumental support people with IDD received from and gave to their families related to physical support, healthy living, financial support, and navigating formal services. Thirty virtual interviews were conducted using the dyadic interview method with 10 adults with IDD and 10 family members who they chose. Findings showed that people with IDD received natural supports from their family in numerous areas including physical help, support to be healthy, and financial support. Also, families helped with formal supports by navigating the system of services for people with IDD. In addition to receiving support from their families, people with IDD also provided some reciprocal support to their families, specifically in the areas of physical help and healthy living. Implications for practice and policy are shared along with directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Preliminary Assessment to Determine the Starting Point for Treatment of Pediatric Feeding Disorders 确定小儿喂养障碍治疗起点的初步评估
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-024-09980-6
Meeta R. Patel, Ashley S. Andersen, Vipul Y. Patel
{"title":"A Preliminary Assessment to Determine the Starting Point for Treatment of Pediatric Feeding Disorders","authors":"Meeta R. Patel, Ashley S. Andersen, Vipul Y. Patel","doi":"10.1007/s10882-024-09980-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-024-09980-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Escape extinction has been identified as an effective treatment for feeding problems. However, negative side effects, such as extinction bursts and emotional responding, may occur with escape extinction. In some cases, treatment without escape extinction may be unsuccessful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate modifications that may optimize the effects of escape extinction while keeping inappropriate mealtime behavior low. First, an assessment was conducted to determine the starting point for treatment, which was different for each participant. The condition that produced higher levels of acceptance and lower levels of inappropriate mealtime behavior (low response effort) was identified as the starting point for the stimulus (bolus) fading plus escape extinction treatment. Acceptance increased for all three participants with a variety of foods using an antecedent-based intervention in combination with escape extinction. Although escape extinction was part of the final treatment, inappropriate mealtime behavior was relatively low at the onset of treatment. These data are discussed in relation to motivating operations and negative reinforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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