Yass Rad , Arianna Prudenzi , Lucie Zernerova , Jennifer Gerson , Paul E. Flaxman
{"title":"Effects of workplace acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) programs on psychological flexibility's subprocesses: A systematic review","authors":"Yass Rad , Arianna Prudenzi , Lucie Zernerova , Jennifer Gerson , Paul E. Flaxman","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing interest in applying <em>acceptance and commitment therapy</em> (ACT) in workplace settings, recent reviews raised doubt about the efficacy of staff-focused ACT programs for improving psychological flexibility. However, more specific processes targeted by these programs may have been obscured by aggregating effects across a wide array of psychological flexibility measures for meta-analytic review purposes. To investigate this possibility, the current systematic review examines workplace ACT intervention effects on psychological flexibility's subprocesses (i.e., contact with the present moment, acceptance, defusion, self-as-context, values, and committed action). The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (reference: CRD42022349446). The literature search identified 30 staff-focused ACT trials (18 controlled trials) that administered measures that could be mapped onto one or more psychological flexibility subprocess. Collectively, this body of research indicates strongest evidence for the effectiveness of workplace ACT programs for targeting defusion (observed across three types of defusion measures), and moderate yet consistent evidence that these programs increase mindful awareness and acceptance. Due to measurement issues, effects on values-based action have been less consistent overall. The next generation of workplace ACT research could be advanced by 1) adopting multidimensional psychological flexibility and inflexibility instruments, 2) subprocess-level multiple mediation testing, and 3) increasing methodological quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Broekhuijse , Amanda Muñoz-Martinez , Yors Garcia , Matthew D. Skinta
{"title":"Relating-as-context: Utilizing functional analytic psychotherapy to enhance perspective- taking and the development of the self","authors":"Alexander Broekhuijse , Amanda Muñoz-Martinez , Yors Garcia , Matthew D. Skinta","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deficits in self-related processes, including emotion recognition, perspective-taking, and individuation, are increasingly recognized as transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying a range of psychological disorders. From a behavioral perspective, the self is not a fixed entity but a dynamic repertoire of referential verbal behaviors that emerge and evolve through social-verbal interactions—a process conceptualized as <em>selfing</em>. Despite its clinical significance, interventions specifically targeting selfing deficits remain underdeveloped. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) provides a compelling framework for addressing these difficulties by leveraging real-time interpersonal interactions to observe, shape, and reinforce adaptive relational behaviors. This paper conceptualizes the logical FAP interaction as a structured intervention that includes relational cues that transform different relational cues (e.g., deictic, coordination), leading to a shift in derived relational responding to promote selfing behaviors, emotional awareness, and perspective-taking. By integrating Relational Frame Theory (RFT) principles into the analysis of the FAP logical interaction, this approach advances the theoretical and clinical application of FAP for self-development and interpersonal functioning. A clinical case vignette illustrates how this method fosters a flexible and adaptive self-concept, reinforcing its potential for enhancing relational flexibility and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Nejad-Ebrahim Soumee , Amirhossein Rasouli , Eric B. Lee , Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi
{"title":"Integrating ACT with ERP for OCD treatment: A randomized controlled trial examining symptom reduction and psychological flexibility mechanisms","authors":"Zahra Nejad-Ebrahim Soumee , Amirhossein Rasouli , Eric B. Lee , Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite Exposure and Response Prevention's (ERP) established efficacy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), there is growing interest in exploring complementary therapeutic approaches that may enhance treatment outcomes through different mechanisms of change. This study investigated the efficacy of combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy plus ERP (ACT + ERP) in treating OCD and its underlying psychological mechanisms in an Iranian sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 OCD-diagnosed participants, randomly allocated to ACT + ERP intervention (n = 20) or wait-list control group (n = 20). The intervention comprised sixteen 120-min sessions delivered twice weekly. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and three-month follow-up using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), and Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory (III-31).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed significant time × group interactions across all measures. The ACT + ERP group demonstrated substantial improvements in OCD severity (η<sup>2</sup> = 0.301), experiential avoidance (η<sup>2</sup> = 0.139), cognitive fusion (η<sup>2</sup> = 0.241), and interpretation of intrusions (η<sup>2</sup> = 0.217). Large effect sizes were maintained at follow-up (Hedges’ g ranging from 0.75 to 1.20). The waitlist group showed no significant changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The integrated ACT + ERP protocol effectively reduced OCD symptoms and improved psychological flexibility processes, with benefits maintained at follow-up. These findings suggest that combining ACT and ERP may offer a comprehensive treatment approach that enhances therapeutic outcomes through multiple mechanisms of change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dafne Morroni , Eleonora Charalambous , Maria Karekla
{"title":"Struggles and solutions in psychological research with unaccompanied minors: Reflections from the field","authors":"Dafne Morroni , Eleonora Charalambous , Maria Karekla","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2022, 22,182 individuals applied for asylum in Cyprus, of whom 941 were Unaccompanied Minors (UM).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with UM was carried out in shelters in Cyprus. The purpose of this paper is to present struggles and solutions from the RCT and to provide recommendations to clinicians and researchers working with UM.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Obstacles faced in setting up the study and throughout research with UM were recorded systematically and resolved in team meetings. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was applied to present the struggles and solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Akin to established literature, the authors faced several challenges including: UM hesitancy regarding written consent, language and cultural barriers, interpreter bias, difficulties engaging social workers, demanding circumstances in shelters and methodological issues concerning collection of quantitative self-report measures. Solutions included: replacing written consent with child assent, cultural and language adaptation required with material provided in booklets, providing psychoeducation to interpreters prior to an intervention, training social workers in the treatment protocol, building rapport with shelter staff, using tablets for data collection and shorter battery of questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It is evident that carrying out research in refugee settings requires flexibility and adaptability. Findings from this study inform future intervention efforts and provide both researchers and clinicians with a framework to guide and support their work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescents’ psychological flexibility and non-suicidal self-injury: Exploring between-person and within-person association","authors":"Dongyan Ding, Shuanghu Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most research on the relationship between psychological flexibility and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been cross-sectional, focusing primarily on specific sub-dimensions of psychological flexibility (<em>e.g.</em>, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion) rather than its integrated constructs. To address these gaps, this study employed the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to investigate the within-person dynamic relationships between psychological flexibility (including six sub-dimensions) and NSSI. A total of 1119 adolescents (mean age = 13.15, SD = 1.26; 50.2 % female) participated in the study, with data collected at six-month intervals over a 1.5 year period. The study revealed that higher psychological flexibility and its six sub-dimensions (i.e., present awareness, acceptance, cognitive defusion, self-as-context, values, and committed action) significantly predicted lower future NSSI over time, while NSSI did not significantly influence psychological flexibility or its sub-dimensions. Moreover, at the between-person level, committed action and cognitive defusion were negatively associated with NSSI. This research is the first to use RI-CLPM to differentiate within-person effects from between-person effects, providing a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic relationship between psychological flexibility (including its sub-dimensions) and NSSI. The findings offer a solid theoretical foundation for future interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility to reduce NSSI among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing medication adherence, depression, and values-based behaviors in HIV-positive individuals through acceptance and commitment therapy: A pilot study","authors":"Mariana Téllez , Yors García","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This pilot study evaluated the impact of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) matrix on values-driven behaviors, medication adherence, viral load, and depression among individuals living with HIV in a middle-income country. A randomized, non-concurrent multiple baseline design across four participants was employed. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up, with daily tracking of values-driven behaviors and medication adherence throughout. Participants underwent a 7-session ACT matrix training. Results revealed increases in values-driven behaviors and improvements in medication adherence across all participants. Viral loads decreased for three participants, with two achieving undetectable levels. Depression scores improved for three participants, with changes sustained through follow-up. Participants described the intervention as acceptable and relevant to addressing adherence barriers and mental health concerns. Findings underscore the potential for ACT to enhance antiretroviral adherence and psychological outcomes in middle-income countries, offering a scalable, culturally adaptable intervention for improving HIV care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy Diana Shoesmith , Assis Kamu , Nicholas Tze Ping Pang
{"title":"Developmental of a checklist of transdiagnostic therapeutic skills for use in general healthcare appointments","authors":"Wendy Diana Shoesmith , Assis Kamu , Nicholas Tze Ping Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychotherapy is not available for most people globally with mental disorders. Training general healthcare staff in transdiagnostic psychological intervention skills is a more feasible approach in settings where the access to therapy is low. Tools are needed to measure the use of these skills in general healthcare settings to enable further research into effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We operationalised skills taught in a psychological intervention course for general healthcare staff and created a 26-item observational checklist. This was validated using generalisability theory by asking five experts to rate 26 videos. Two research assistants then used the checklist to observe doctors’ consultations before and after a psychological intervention course. We used Rasch analysis to refine the checklist so that it conformed to the Rasch unidimensional measurement model. We analysed the pre-post difference in skill use, and length of appointment using linear mixed modelling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The research assistants observed 87 interviews of 12 doctors before the course and 75 interviews of 11 doctors after the course. The final 18-item checklist had a generalisability coefficient of 86.8 % and conformed to the Rasch model. There were 4.28 extra skills on the checklist used per consultation after compared to before the course (95 % CI [2.40, 6.16]). The length of appointment did not change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This approach has allowed the development of a flexible checklist, which is valid, reliable and change sensitive, and can be modified and added to by other researchers according to needs. This provides a foundation for further research into effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lysa-Marie Hontoy , Mireille Joussemet , Jean-Michel Robichaud , Geneviève A. Mageau , Simon Grégoire
{"title":"Effects of an ACT-based intervention on university students’ self-compassion and psychological well-being","authors":"Lysa-Marie Hontoy , Mireille Joussemet , Jean-Michel Robichaud , Geneviève A. Mageau , Simon Grégoire","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ACT intervention, Korsa, on university students' self-compassion and psychological well-being. We also explored whether self-compassion could mediate Korsa's well-being benefits. In this randomized controlled trial, 137 university students were randomly assigned to Korsa or a waitlist control condition. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about their self-compassion and well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and presence of meaning). Results showed that compared to students on the waitlist, participants assigned to the Korsa intervention reported higher life satisfaction, meaning, and self-compassion at post-intervention. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary support for the hypothesis that enhancing self-compassion could be a promising mechanism through which Korsa may improve psychological well-being among university students. Bridging the self-compassion and ACT frameworks seems to be a fruitful avenue to advance knowledge about the various ACT benefits and its potential mechanisms of change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Óscar Soto-Angona , Amanda Rodríguez-Urrutia , Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga , Óscar Álvarez-Bobo , Genís Ona , Sergio Pérez Rosal , Juan París-Pérez , Max Wolff
{"title":"Accept to change: Translation and validation of the Acceptance/Avoidance-Promoting Experiences Questionnaire (APEQ) in an international survey of Spanish-speaking psychedelic users","authors":"Óscar Soto-Angona , Amanda Rodríguez-Urrutia , Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga , Óscar Álvarez-Bobo , Genís Ona , Sergio Pérez Rosal , Juan París-Pérez , Max Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Acceptance/Avoidance-Promoting Experiences Questionnaire (APEQ) is a theory-based instrument designed to assess acceptance-related (ACE) and avoidance-related experiences (AVE) during psychedelic-induced altered states of consciousness, proposing a model in which these experiences shape psychological flexibility. This study aimed not only to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the APEQ, but also to test its theoretical assumptions and examine contextual and motivational factors modulating therapeutic processes in psychedelic experiences across diverse Spanish-speaking populations.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>An international retrospective survey was conducted in a Spanish-speaking cohort (n = 715) reporting a single psychedelic experience in a therapeutic, ritualistic or ceremonial context involving LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline, MDMA, or ketamine. Participants resided in Spain (n = 420), Latin America (n = 274), or other countries (n = 21).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Spanish APEQ demonstrated good construct, criterion and cross-cultural validity, as well as internal consistency across scales and in diverse Spanish-speaking populations. Indicating context-dependency, ACE scores were positively associated with therapeutic and growth-oriented motives and with increased psychological flexibility, whereas AVE scores were associated with hedonic/escapist motives and decreased flexibility. High rates of comorbid mental health conditions and concurrent substance use were observed, reflecting relevant patterns in naturalistic psychedelic users.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study supports the validity and reliability of the Spanish APEQ and provides cross-cultural evidence for the context-dependent nature of psychedelic experiences and their psychological consequences. Beyond validation, these findings confirm core theoretical assumptions of the APEQ and suggest that promoting acceptance during psychedelic states may enhance therapeutic outcomes. The observed comorbidities and substance use patterns point to the need for informed risk-reduction strategies in these populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madeleine I. Fraser , Keong Yap , Baljinder Sahdra , William Li , Monique T. Andreacchio , Tsz Ying Wong , Joseph Ciarrochi
{"title":"Experience-sampling methods for self-compassion research: A meta-analysis","authors":"Madeleine I. Fraser , Keong Yap , Baljinder Sahdra , William Li , Monique T. Andreacchio , Tsz Ying Wong , Joseph Ciarrochi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Self-compassion is a sensitivity to attend to one's own suffering with a desire to take helpful action to alleviate it. Applying experience sampling methods (ESM) to self-compassion research may provide insight to the dynamic and context-specific impacts of self-compassion on psychological well-being and distress. This meta-analysis provides a synthesis of the recent growth in self-compassion ESM studies. We compare the methodologies in ESM studies and analyze the potentially dynamic relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being and distress in daily life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies that used a self-compassion measure and ESM were included. Thirty-one studies with a total of 3370 participants were included in the qualitative synthesis and 19 studies were included in further meta-analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results demonstrate that most ESM studies sampled data once daily for less than one week. There were notably higher compliance rates in studies that offered financial compensation. The results of the meta-analysis indicated significant and moderate associations between within person self-compassion and both psychological well-being and distress. Between study heterogeneity ranged from 52 % to 85.6 %. It was found that within person pooled effect sizes were smaller than between person pooled effect sizes for the association between self-compassion and all outcomes, suggesting there may be more variability in these relationships within individuals across time compared to averages aggregated across a group of individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ESM is a promising method of exploring within-person variability in self-compassion as experienced in daily life. Current gaps for future research to address include targeting youth and clinical samples using ESM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}