International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology最新文献

THREE MORAL CHALLENGES OF SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM IN THE METAVERSE 虚拟世界中监控资本主义的三个道德挑战

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.55574/ahjl7894

You Zhang

引用次数: 0

CROSSING BOUNDARIES: AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS AND THE CHALLENGE OF IHL COMPLIANCE 跨越边界:自主武器系统和遵守国际人道法的挑战

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.55574/fhze9018

Maria Gevorgyan

{"title":"CROSSING BOUNDARIES: AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS AND THE CHALLENGE OF IHL COMPLIANCE","authors":"Maria Gevorgyan","doi":"10.55574/fhze9018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55574/fhze9018","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) marks a transformative juncture in the modern landscape of warfare. Promising operational efficiency, enhanced soldier safety, cost reduction, and workforce minimization, these systems have ignited a global discourse concerning their compliance with international law and the necessity of comprehensive regulation. This study delves into the multifaceted challenges associated with the deployment of AWS within the context of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) while evaluating their alignment with the principles of IHL, especially in terms of direct participation in hostilities (DPH). The research begins by establishing a fundamental understanding of autonomy, delineating the criteria that define AWS, and addressing their legal categorization—whether they constitute a method of warfare or serve as a replacement for combatants. By employing a diverse range of research methodologies encompassing system analysis, comparative legal analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, deduction, classification, interviews, and case studies, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate AWS-IHL relationship. Further depth is added to the theoretical analysis through real-world case studies, including the STM Kargu-2 and the United Nations (UN) expert group's involvement in Libya, offering practical insights into the challenges posed by AWS in armed conflicts. Additionally, consideration is given to the SGR-A1, an autonomous system employed for border safeguarding, further illuminating the complexities of AWS in practice. This research aims to provide a nuanced and insightful understanding of the pressing regulatory and challenges arising from the utilization of AWS within the contemporary framework of IHL.","PeriodicalId":475157,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology","volume":"75 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONFUCIANISM TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 儒学对国际法发展的影响与贡献

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.55574/shhy1911

Weitao Gong

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONFUCIANISM TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW","authors":"Weitao Gong","doi":"10.55574/shhy1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55574/shhy1911","url":null,"abstract":"Confucianism requires individuals to take into account the fairness, justice, harmony and peaceful development of others and the whole society while developing themselves. Contemporary international law lacks this requirement of Confucianism. International law, dominated by western civilization, has neither proper regulation nor necessary condemnation toward some countries’ behaviors of neglecting morality and sacrificing the common interests of mankind when pursuing their own interests. In this regard, Confucianism can play a positive theoretical role in the proper development of contemporary international law for it to return to the direction of justice and morality. Besides, Confucianism itself has a theoretical and historical connection with international law and its natural law thoughts. It also has already made positive contributions to the sustainable development of international law, world peace and the development of international human rights. Thus, it is feasible for Confucianism to contribute to the improvement of contemporary international law. The idea of building a human community with a shared future is the modern interpretation of Confucianism, which can be more systematically used as the theoretical basis for improving contemporary international law, so as to ensure the unity of powers and responsibilities of all countries and to take into account the interests of other countries in their own development.","PeriodicalId":475157,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology","volume":"76 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

REFORM AND INCENTIVE MECHANISM ON EQUITY STRUCTURE OF FAMILY ENTERPRISES 家族企业股权结构的改革与激励机制

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.55574/lnyw3321

Dongyi Shi

{"title":"REFORM AND INCENTIVE MECHANISM ON EQUITY STRUCTURE OF FAMILY ENTERPRISES","authors":"Dongyi Shi","doi":"10.55574/lnyw3321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55574/lnyw3321","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of realizing “everlasting business”, how the founders of family enterprises in China can promote the reform on the ownership structure of the enterprises and establish an inclusive incentive mechanism, so as to take into account the inheritance of family wealth, to improve the technological innovation ability and the valuation (market value) of enterprises, is an economic and legal issue that is well fit for the current demand of China’s economic situation, and is also related to the long-term development of China’s economy. Its legal practice is worthy of in-depth study by Chinese legal scholars. This article reviews the transformation and development process of the ownership structure of family enterprises since China’s “Reform and Opening-up”, through interviews with the founders of family enterprises and field research in Fujian Province, a representative area of China’s family business economy. The article pays special attention to the practice under the current on-going “business succession period” between the first-generation entrepreneurs and the second-generation leaders. The article collects the relevant legal and economic issues in the internal corporate governance mechanism, and explores the relationship between properly coordinating and optimizing the ownership structure of family enterprises, incentive mechanism and maintaining the allocation of wealth resources under the tradition in Chinese family society.","PeriodicalId":475157,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology","volume":"76 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY: IS IT PROHIBITED BY THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION OR OTHER INTERNATIONAL LAWS? 合成生物学:是否为《生物武器公约》或其他国际法所禁止?

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.55574/ycxh9594

Trason Lasley

{"title":"SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY: IS IT PROHIBITED BY THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION OR OTHER INTERNATIONAL LAWS?","authors":"Trason Lasley","doi":"10.55574/ycxh9594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55574/ycxh9594","url":null,"abstract":"Just as there continues to be a question on whether or not viruses are biological, scientists create new technologies every year that push up against what is and what is not biological. With these new technologies, it is almost possible to alter DNA using CRISPR/Cas9 technologies in one’s garage. Such a development begs the question, to what extent does international law relate to and prohibit these new technologies from being used as weapons? Synthetic biology is an emerging science that pushes up against what is biological and can be split into two categories, a top-down and a bottom-up approach. Are either or both approaches encompassed by and prohibited from being used as weapons under the Biological Weapons Convention or other international law? It appears that the Biological Weapons Convention covers and prohibits synthetic biology’s top-down. Still, neither the Convention nor other international laws prohibit the bottom-up approach—or more specifically, biomimetics, CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing genome editing, and nanotechnology—because top-down synthetic biology reworks preexisting systems, while in contrast, bottom-up synthetic biology may be used to weaponized non-biological agents that can alter biological organisms.","PeriodicalId":475157,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MONEY FOR NOTHING?: CAN NFTS SOLVE MUSICIANS’ MONETIZATION PROBLEM? 白花钱?NFTS能解决音乐人的盈利问题吗?

International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.55574/irbo3503

Dan Ankenman

{"title":"MONEY FOR NOTHING?: CAN NFTS SOLVE MUSICIANS’ MONETIZATION PROBLEM?","authors":"Dan Ankenman","doi":"10.55574/irbo3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55574/irbo3503","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the immeasurable value music provides society, finding ways to monetize their music is often an elusive and challenging prospect for musicians. The music industry has evolved into a consolidated “hits market” in which profits are highly concentrated in a small set of intermediaries and relatively few superstars. This “hits market” not only makes it incredibly difficult for most musicians to make a living with their music, it also fails to capture and compensate musicians who aren’t extremely popular for the significant value they create. In the face of this deadweight loss, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) could be a means of disrupting the economic status quo and creating a superior set of economic incentives for musicians. This Article is the first in the legal literature dedicated to evaluating the viability of NFTs as an additional income stream for musicians. After detailing the economics of the traditional music industry and providing a framework for understanding NFTs’ asserted value, this Article considers constraints imposed by contractual obligations and copyright law to analyze NFTs’ potential to transform music monetization. Ultimately, this Article concludes that, notwithstanding their limitations, NFTs are likely to be an important new source of revenue for musicians who have been left behind by the popularity-driven economic incentives of the traditional music industry.","PeriodicalId":475157,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Ethics and Technology","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0