Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Restitution of Peri-orbital Aesthetics in Malunited Type III NOE Fractures by Canthoplasty: A Case Report.","authors":"Elavenil Panneerselvam, Trishala Annamalai Rajan, Kalleri Rajendran Arun Vignesh, V B Krishnakumar Raja","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02591-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02591-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characteristic feature of type III NOE fracture is the avulsion of medial canthal tendon. This produces unfavourable changes in peri-orbital aesthetics, specifically, telecanthus & mongoloid slant. Restoration of aesthetics in such cases is challenging and technique sensitive. Delayed management renders more complexity to surgical management due to excessive scarring. Herein, a case of a 43-year-old man diagnosed with malunited type III naso-orbito-ethmoid fracture which was managed by Y-V canthoplasty for the restoration of medial canthal aesthetics along with open rhinoplasty and orbital floor reconstruction using orbital mesh is described.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-025-02591-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 2","pages":"409-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13066015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant Calcitonin Therapy Following Surgical Treatment for Central Giant Cell Granuloma: Case Series with Literature Review.","authors":"Krati Jajani, Vikas Kunwar Singh, Ruchika Tiwari, Prashansa Gaikwad","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02734-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02734-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is defined as an intraosseous lesion consisting of cellular fibrous tissue that contains multiple foci of haemorrhage, aggregations of multinucleated giant cells, and occasionally trabeculae of woven bone. Calcitonin is suggested as a therapeutic agent based on its action on multinucleated giant cells in CGCG as they possess osteoclast-specific characteristics including lacunar bone resorption.</p><p><strong>Case series: </strong>In this case series, five patients with mean age of 20.6 yrs. (6-30 yrs.) with diagnosis of CGCG underwent surgical excision of lesion. Surgical plan was decided based upon radiological and preoperative pathological findings. Post-surgical adjuvant therapy was initiated in form of calcitonin nasal spray for 7 days to prevent recurrence. Dosage was prescribed at 200 IU twice a day in alternate nostrils for 3 months postoperatively. All patients performed well in postoperative period and discharged on mean postoperative day 3. No patient had increased swelling or gross facial asymmetry postoperatively. Patients were kept on regular follow up in the postoperative period. On 1 month follow up, a clinical examination revealed significant decrease in swelling and improvement in pain. Nasal calcitonin spray has better patient compliance than subcutaneous injections of calcitonin due to its ease of administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjuvant calcitonin is a proven safe and effective therapy to reduce the recurrence after surgical treatment of CGCG. However, further analytical studies are required to measure the effect of adjuvant calcitonin therapy in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 2","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Tissue Augmentation Around Implants in Esthetic Zone by Roll Technique-A Case Series.","authors":"Shivlal Vishnoi, Meghna Gohil, Priyadarshini Nadig, Kandarp Raj, Jinita Desai, Akansha Jha","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02886-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02886-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esthetic concerns are central in contemporary dental practice, particularly in the anterior maxilla where ridge defects compromise the emergence profile of prostheses.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case series evaluated the effectiveness of Abrams' roll technique for soft tissue ridge augmentation in localized alveolar ridge deformities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three patients with Seibert's Class I ridge defects in the anterior maxilla were treated using Abrams' roll technique. Outcomes were assessed over a 1 year follow-up period in terms of soft tissue gain, esthetic improvement and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients demonstrated horizontal soft tissue gain of 1.5-2 mm with uneventful healing. The modified PES improved by an average of 3 points postoperatively, indicating enhanced ridge contour and tissue harmony. No major complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abrams' roll technique proved to be a predictable and minimally invasive method for soft tissue augmentation of localized ridge defects, providing stable tissue enhancement and favourable esthetic results in the anterior maxilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 2","pages":"485-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stepwise Sequence for the Management of Extensive Comminuted Mandible Fractures: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"D Shanmuga Sundaram, Poonam Yadav, Sushma Sagar, Ajoy Roychoudhury, M S Kishore, Akshay Babbar","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02430-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02430-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Management of comminuted mandible fracture can be either conservative or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The purpose of the present case series is to reinforce ORIF for extensive comminuted mandible (ECM) fractures. The specific aim is to present a stepwise approach to manage these fractures.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The investigators designed a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in India. The study sample consisted of patients of extensive comminuted mandible fracture managed with ORIF. The patients having an extensive comminuted fracture of mandible with complete records were included as study subjects, irrespective of age and gender. The data collected were age, gender, mode of injury, type of fractures, concomitant injuries, timing of treatment, the outcomes and complications, if any. The authors have described a stepwise approach to convert a complex task into easy task to achieve better results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In these retrospective case series, the authors have presented 5 cases of severely comminuted mandible fracture managed with ORIF from January 2022 to March 2023. All patients were young with age range was 17-27 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mode of injury was fall from height in 3 cases and road traffic accident in 2 cases. Out of 5 patients, 4 had concomitant orthopedic injury and rest 1 had isolated maxillofacial injury. The follow-up ranged from 48 days to 15 months. No major complication was seen in any of the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Open reduction and internal fixation provide promising results for extensive comminuted mandible fractures with minimal complication rate. Sequential stepwise approach should be followed in these fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint of Rabbits After Autologous Blood Injections at Different Time Points.","authors":"Mohammed Nadershah, Amr Bayoumi, Suha Alotaibi, Nada Binmadi, Rana Ajabnoor, Dalea M Bukhary","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02432-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02432-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Autologous blood injections (ABI) have shown promise in treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, but the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes in the TMJ of rabbits after ABI at various time points.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were allocated into a control group (<i>n</i> = 4) and a study group (<i>n</i> = 14). The study group underwent ABI in the TMJ superior joint space and peri-capsular area; while, the control group received no interventions. The rabbits were euthanized at different time intervals: 2 weeks (<i>n</i> = 2), 4 weeks (<i>n</i> = 2), 6 weeks (<i>n</i> = 6), and 10 weeks (<i>n</i> = 4) post-injections. Histological examination was conducted to assess the TMJ for changes in articular cartilage, chondrocyte appearance, osteochondral junction, subchondral bone structure, inflammation, and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the early weeks (2 and 4), cartilage thickening, chondrocyte clustering, and signs of inflammation were observed. Conversely, in the late weeks (6 and 10), cartilage thinning, hypocellular chondrocytes, disruptions in the osteochondral junction, and increased subchondral bone trabeculation were evident. No fibrosis was noted in any group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The histological changes occurring in the TMJ of rabbits following ABI is dynamic and changing at different time points. We reported early cartilage thickening and late thinning. Fibrosis was not noted to play a role in our sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Non-Users of Tobacco: A 10-Year Single Institutional Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kalpa Pandya, Vijaya Nirmala Subramani, K Shanthi, G V V Giri, H Thamizhchelvan","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02366-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02366-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises a significant proportion of head and neck cancers, with alarming incidence rates in India. Despite tobacco's known role, a concerning rise in OSCC among non-tobacco users poses an intriguing challenge.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This ten-year retrospective study aimed to compare the clinicopathological features of OSCC in patients with and without habits, focusing on the unique characteristics of OSCC in non-tobacco users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reviewing clinical records from 2012 to 2022, we gathered demographic and histopathological data, conducting statistical analyses using SPSS version 19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>83% of the subjects with OSCC had a known history of tobacco use, and 17% were non-tobacco users. Non-tobacco users exhibited distinct features, including a higher prevalence of well-differentiated SCC, more females, and an increased incidence of tongue cancers-statistically significant findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the unique clinicopathological features of OSCC in non-tobacco users, challenging conventional notions. Despite limitations in survival analysis, our findings underscore the need for targeted research into OSCC among non-tobacco users for improved preventive and therapeutic strategies. The study successfully confirmed the clinical distinctiveness of non-tobacco-induced oral cancers, setting the stage for future prospective research into the survival and prognosis of these two distinct groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of 3D Virtual Planning in Orthognathic Surgery and Outcome Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Syed Altafuddin Quadri, Hatim Hashim Alshoail, Ravinder S Saini, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, Artak Heboyan","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02798-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02798-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the role of 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) in orthognathic surgery compared to traditional surgical planning (TSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were identified from databases, including PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using PICO eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with four included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using RoB-2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Inter-reviewer agreement was assessed with a kappa statistic of 0.82.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the meta-analysis, in the SNA and SNB subgroups, no significant differences were observed between 3D VSP and TSP (<i>p</i> = 0.85, <i>p</i> = 0.81) with 0% heterogeneity. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the horizontal and vertical skeletal component subgroups (<i>p</i> = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.47) with 0% heterogeneity. These findings suggest comparable accuracy between VSP and TSP in key cephalometric measurements. RCTs were generally of good quality, while non-RCTs showed varying bias levels. The GRADE assessment indicated high certainty in outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differences between VSP and TSP were not statistically significant, and both had the same outcomes. VSP is recommended for complex cases requiring enhanced visualization and interdisciplinary collaboration. Future research should aim to standardize variables for improved study comparability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"164-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving the Dilemma of Reconstructing Full Thickness Lower Lip Defects: Our Experience with the Sandwiched Nasolabial Flaps.","authors":"Pranav Mohan Singhal, Pinakin Patel, Kamal Kishor Lakhera, Agil Babu, Aishwarya Chatterjee, Suresh Singh, Bhoopendra Singh Gora, Naina Kumar Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02245-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02245-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The reconstruction of lip defects while maintaining its functional and esthetic properties serves a daunting challenge to the surgeon. Various surgeons have described variety of techniques, ranging from local composite flaps to free flaps. But not one single procedure has fulfilled all requirements. We describe a novel method of using bilaterally harvested subcutaneous naso-labial (NL) flaps sandwiched onto each other with a bucket handle mucosal transfer from upper lip to reconstruct full thickness lower lip and vermilion defects in 10 patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective review of the data of 10 patients of carcinoma of the lower lip reconstructed with this technique between April 2019 and May 2022 was done. Patient- and disease-related factors along with flap-related complications were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bilateral NL flaps were used for construction of lower lip defects in 10 male patients. Mean age of the study population was 49.7 years (41-60 years). Major or minor complications were seen in 5 patients (50%). Complete flap loss was seen in one patient; three patients suffered from partial necrosis of the distal end of the outer flap. Two patients developed oral incontinence and two patients were referred to a speech therapist for partially unintelligible speech.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ease of harvest, short learning curve, similar skin color as of the lost skin, a versatile blood supply with minimal morbidity and satisfactory outcomes makes the bilateral subcutaneous NL flaps sandwiched onto each other a potentially acceptable method of reconstructing full thickness lower lip defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Functional and Esthetic Outcomes in Oral Cancer Patients Reconstructed with Medial Sural Artery Perforator Free Flap.","authors":"Adarsh Desai, Shakti Deora, Aditi Singh, Hastee Bhanushali","doi":"10.1007/s12663-023-01985-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-023-01985-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reconstruction with medial sural artery perforator flap is gaining popularity and is subject of study since a decade in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. This flap is proving to have more benefits over other free flap reconstructive options. Our study presents an evaluation of functional and esthetic outcomes in a large number of OSCC patients reconstructed with MSAP flaps.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Total number of 120 patients from 2020 to 2022 with OSCCs underwent reconstruction using MSAPs. The carcinoma involved buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth. Pre- and intra-operative parameters were evaluated along with complications. Functional evaluation in terms of speech and diet was carried out. Patient's visual analog scores (VAS) were recorded for esthetic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 10 cases showed failure due to venous and arterial congestion. Normal speech with unrestricted diet intake was achieved in majority of the patients. Primary closure was performed at the donor site in 98.3% of patients, which showed good esthetic results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSAP flap is a versatile reconstructive method for small to medium defects in oral and maxillofacial region. The flap is less bulky, has a longer vascular pedicle, is pliable and has minimum donor site morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46981209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Risk Factors Associated with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury During Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kaushik Raj, S Gidean Arulrasan, K Murugesan, L Saravanan, Santhosh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02582-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02582-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the impact of anatomical factors in mandibular third molar surgery is crucial for minimizing the risk of nerve damage and improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective studies published in English language and based on anatomical risk factors associated with inferior alveolar nerve injury during lower third molar surgery were incorporated. A comprehensive online and manual search of English language literature with no date restrictions was done in November 2023. Of the 101 studies, only 9 were included for the qualitative analysis. The variables assessed were as follows: type of preoperative assessment, duration of follow-up, incidence of temporary or permanent paresthesia, and criteria used to identify the type of impaction, proximity to inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAC), and IAC shape.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around 22.22% of the studies did a follow-up period of 2 years, radiographic techniques employed included intraoral periapical radiograph (IOPA), panoramic (PAN) radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a combination of PAN and CBCT, IOPA and shift cone technique in 11% of the studies while in 22% of the studies radiographs type was unspecified; the type of impaction criteria was assessed in six studies using various criteria based on degree of impaction, Pell and Gregory classification and Ma'aita & Alwrikat classification; IAC shape evaluation was done in two studies; paresthesia incidence was observed in 89% of the studies and proximity of anatomical landmarks to the IAC was observed in all nine studies which employed different classifications based on Rood and Shehab, Maglione's, Felez-Guiterrez et al. and > 2 mm / < 2 mm theory. Additionally, studies have shown that the use of CBCT imaging can significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative risk assessment for inferior alveolar nerve injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Certain anatomical factors raise inferior alveolar nerve injury risk, but careful preoperative planning mitigates it while standardized assessments aid meta-analysis. Furthermore, the use of advanced imaging techniques like CBCT can enhance the precision of preoperative risk assessment, potentially leading to better surgical outcomes and reduced complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"25 1","pages":"301-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}