Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2197621
Lisa Langdon Koch
{"title":"Military Regimes and Resistance to Nuclear Weapons Development","authors":"Lisa Langdon Koch","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2197621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2197621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Few military regimes have seriously pursued a nuclear weapons capability, and only Pakistan has succeeded. I argue that military regimes governing nonnuclear weapons states are likely to prefer to invest in conventional rather than nuclear forces, even in the presence of external security threats. I identify two domestic sources of nuclear proliferation behavior in military regimes: the resource distribution preferences of the military organization and the need to manage the domestic conflicts that threaten the regime’s political survival. I test this theory using case evidence from Egypt, Brazil, and Pakistan. This study suggests that while external conditions are certainly important, domestic factors also have a significant impact on state security behavior.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"239 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2197619
J. Schwartz
{"title":"Madman or Mad Genius? The International Benefits and Domestic Costs of the Madman Strategy","authors":"J. Schwartz","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2197619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2197619","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the “Madman Theory” outlined by Daniel Ellsberg and Thomas C. Schelling, and embraced by Presidents Richard Nixon and Donald Trump, being perceived as mad can help make seemingly incredible threats—such as starting a nuclear war—more credible. However, recent research has largely concluded that the Madman Theory does not work. In this study, I theorize that the international benefits of the Madman Theory have been underestimated, but also that there are significant domestic barriers associated with adopting such a strategy that undermine its effectiveness. Through a series of five novel survey experiments, I find evidence that perceived madness provides limited advantages in coercive bargaining vis-à-vis foreign adversaries, but it also entails significant domestic costs that potentially erode its efficacy. Overall, this study provides clearer support for the Madman Theory than most previous literature has found, but also breaks new theoretical ground by analyzing the domestic politics of perceived madness.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"271 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47221318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200971
Emma Ashford
{"title":"Stuck on the Left with You: The Limits of Partisanship in US Foreign Policy","authors":"Emma Ashford","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200971","url":null,"abstract":"Van Jackson’s “Left of Liberal Internationalism” is a wonderfully clear effort to construct an intellectual scaffolding around the various forms of progressive thinking on foreign policy. This kind of exercise is valuable, as policy-relevant battles about US foreign policy typically take place in disparate venues and media: speeches, panels, magazines, and even across social media; this makes it difficult to build a comprehensive picture of how America’s major political parties are evolving on foreign policy over time. And while similar studies have been done in the past, particularly on the varieties of conservative foreign policy found in the Republican Party,1 Jackson’s article is the first to really explore the increasingly influential progressive wing of the Democratic Party in the context of foreign policy. Likewise, the article does a service in translating often-quixotic political debates over foreign policy into more scholarly language and concepts, allowing researchers to better situate these emerging debates in the canon of existing grand strategic debates.2 Even as an active participant in the policy debates over US foreign policy,3 I found Jackson’s article to be extremely helpful in clearly delineating the different arguments within the progressive movement, outlining how far debate has come, and showing where it still needs progress. With that in mind, however, I think the","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"382 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46967764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200974
Van Jackson
{"title":"Progressivism and Grand Strategy: An Exchange – The Author Replies","authors":"Van Jackson","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200974","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing left-progressive views of the world into dialogue with security studies makes us better analysts by exposing both perspectives’ limitations and blind spots. It helps us discover areas of common ground. And it permits greater specificity about the nature and severity of policy disagreements between those who retain progressive or social democratic political commitments and those whose scope of work concentrates primarily on optimizing the national security state. Nevertheless, any attempt to bridge such distant worlds was bound to generate at least as much controversy as insight. Accordingly, the responses to my research illuminate a mix of fruitful agreements, irreducible differences, and promising avenues for future research. I am grateful for all of it. Rather than respond to every point made across five very different interjections, I will clarify some key elements in my original analysis, as well as some aspects of left-progressive politics that lend themselves to misunderstanding. First, progressive grand strategies are internally coherent logics—not people—describing different ways of using policy to realize peace, democracy, and equality. Second, all grand strategy is worldmaking, and all security analysis has political consequences. Third, progressivism in US foreign policy must be a contrast with—not merely a complement to—US liberal internationalism.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"404 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200202
Chad E. Nelson
{"title":"Fears of Revolution and International Cooperation:The Concert of Europe and the Transformation of European Politics","authors":"Chad E. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract What explains the remarkable degree of great-power cooperation during the Concert of Europe? I focus on a period when there were regular congresses and argue that the transformation of the great powers’ respective domestic politics to where they had active revolutionary movements and feared upheavals at home played a key role in undergirding the transformation of European international politics into a more cooperative order. Fears of a common domestic ideological threat can cause states to bind together rather than exploit one another. The cooperation among the great powers was not just because they were constrained by the balance of power or satisfied with the territorial order or because the powers were meeting together. Their considerable cooperation was largely due to their preferences rather than those interactions.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"338 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200973
C. W. Walldorf
{"title":"Domestic Legitimacy and Progressive Grand Strategies in US Foreign Policy","authors":"C. W. Walldorf","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200973","url":null,"abstract":"Van Jackson’s “Left of Liberal Internationalism: Grand Strategies within Progressive Foreign Policy Thought” offers an exceptionally clear and fascinating picture of three different threads of grand strategic thinking— progressive pragmatism, antihegemonism, and peacemaking—that exist in current progressive policy circles. All three approaches share a commitment to reduced militarism in US foreign policy (for example, ending the force-based approach to counterterrorism), but each is distinct. Pragmatists advocate strengthening democratic alliances, US leadership in regional order-building, sanctioning autocrats, and achieving greater equity in Global North-South economic relations. Antihegemonists advocate restraint: a full drawdown of US military forces worldwide, an end to all alliances (including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)), and brokered spheres of influence with China and Russia. Finally, peacemakers advocate multilateral security arrangements, unilateral US demilitarization to stem security dilemmas, and bureaucratic changes to advance peace. This essay does not critique Jackson’s impressive analysis of progressivism. Instead, it focuses on the issue of feasibility. Alexander L. George argues that in the United States, domestic legitimacy (or, “a climate of acceptance”) is invaluable to sustain “a coherent and consistent” grand strategy amid the vicissitudes common to policymaking in democratic states. 1 Which or what parts of the progressive grand strategies Jackson identifies are more (or less) likely to gain domestic legitimacy, and with that shape US foreign policy going forward?","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"396 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42510510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200970
Daniel Bessner
{"title":"Delineating Progressive Grand Strategies","authors":"Daniel Bessner","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200970","url":null,"abstract":"of the world. This is hardly a political program likely to win votes or repair the shattered domestic consensus necessary to sustain an effective foreign policy. Progressives may not like the conservative, militarist, ecologically destructive, and racist attitudes of much of the American public, but disapproval is not a transformative politics. In this respect, progressive grand strategy needs to begin at home and perhaps is best thought of as the declaratory foreign policy of a social movement. If so, its lack of political appeal beyond committed progressives is yet another dimension of its autism, while the real work of progressive strategic thought remains undone.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"377 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48212010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2200969
Tarak Barkawi
{"title":"Wishful Strategies","authors":"Tarak Barkawi","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2200969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2200969","url":null,"abstract":"Van Jackson’s thoughtful article “Left of Liberal Internationalism” identifies three “grand strategies,” each of which reflects a strand of progressive foreign policy thinking among the contemporary US Left. For each, he connects an analysis of the global sources of insecurity with a set of guiding policy prescriptions for the United States derived from progressive ideals. Then, with an astute eye, he offers an analysis of the risks involved for each paradigm. However, on offer here is less strategy and more progressive political imagination, preferred images of the world and of America—in short, ideology. This does not differentiate progressive grand strategy from the mainstream strategic thought with which Jackson is trying to dialogue. The Anglo-American tradition of grand strategy, as we find it in international relations (IR), valorizes the United States and its role in world history. Cold War realism, like liberal internationalism, reproduced idealized images of the United States as a democratic bulwark against totalitarianism and an enlightened hegemon. Though powerful states can often afford to maintain some degree of illusion, this is not a particularly strategic way of going about things, at least from a classical, Clausewitzian perspective.1 Strategy demands above all the gimlet eye: for oneself, for one’s opponents and allies, and for the situation at hand. Part of the problem with thinking about strategy in mainstream IR is that the social and political context—the international system of states—is largely taken for granted. So too, for the most part, are Eurocentric historiographies.2 For liberals and realists, these entail rosy conceptions of liberal democracy and of capitalism, as well as triumphalist accounts of the US role in the twentieth century. Jackson wants to move beyond this. His progressive approaches purport to take seriously a domestic history","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"371 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46930295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2178963
Darren J. Lim, G. Ikenberry
{"title":"China and the Logic of Illiberal Hegemony","authors":"Darren J. Lim, G. Ikenberry","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2178963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2178963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We develop a theoretical logic and character of a Chinese model of international order. We begin by considering general problems of power transition and hegemonic order-building, with reference to the American experience with liberal hegemony. China will, like all powerful states, seek an order that protects its interests. But unlike its predecessors, China faces an existing order containing elements that threaten its domestic political and economic model. We describe this domestic model and consider how it might be defended at the international level—embedded in the logic and organizational principles of hegemonic order. Our contribution is to theorize the consequences of China’s hegemonic interests, including domestic preservation, and its order-building practices, for the operation and underlying character of a China-led hegemonic order. Though not inherently illiberal in form, we outline how the emergent order could generate illiberal outcomes. This article therefore theorizes the concept of illiberal hegemony.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46297065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Security StudiesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2023.2178968
Yogesh Joshi
{"title":"Who Is Getting Nuked? Nuclear Taboo, Adversary Types, and Atomic Dispositions","authors":"Yogesh Joshi","doi":"10.1080/09636412.2023.2178968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2023.2178968","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Janina Dill, Scott Sagan and Benjamin Valentino have demonstrated how calculations over the morality of contending norms may influence public's readiness to use nuclear weapons. I argue that such atomic dispositions are highly contingent on the nature of the adversary. Public may react differently to various nuclear targets because adversaries evoke different levels of retributiveness. When deciding between the lives of fellow citizens and those of foreign noncombatants, a bargain is easier to reach against targets which evoke feelings of hatred and anger due to historical, cultural or domestic political reasons. Using the Indian case, I demonstrate why the variance in the character of the threat is a substantive issue. Specifically, I show why the India-China dyad exhibits a greater degree of normative prohibition compared to the India-Pakistan dyad.","PeriodicalId":47478,"journal":{"name":"Security Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"180 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}