International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture最新文献

{"title":"Ocular Hydrogel Materials and Corresponding Methods of Anterior Segment Drug Delivery: A Review","authors":"Michael Williams, M. Hasan","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular conditions have historically proven difficult to treat. Topical eye drops are the primary method of anterior ocular drug delivery but have demonstrated low effectiveness as they require perpetual administration to achieve adequate doses of drug in the target tissue. This can lower patient compliance and increase the risk of side effects, such as systemic toxicity as most of the drug is absorbed through the eye’s natural clearance pathways. Considering this, further development of alternate anterior delivery methods has the potential to improve drug effectiveness, residence times, and bioavailability, as well as reduce systemic toxicity. To this end, the ongoing development of contact lenses, thermogels, nanoparticle delivery systems, as well as mucoadhesive and mucopenetrative properties are being explored. This paper will discuss these developments, as well as their implications in ocular treatment.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improvement of Hand Press Machine by Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) Methodology","authors":"Pei Yee Ng, M. A. Lajis, A. Nawawi","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.01","url":null,"abstract":"This research consists of the analysis of hand press machine selected using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. DFMA is a method that combines both Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA) techniques. It has the purpose to make improvements on the existing product by implementing DFMA to reduce number of components, time, and cost. The combination of hand press machine and a die cutting tool has been an effective tool to produce and replicate identical designs in the shortest time. The main objective of this research is to develop a Hand Press Machine that exhibits superior design efficiency and reduced manufacturing costs compared to the original design. To achieve this, the chosen existing model, the WUTA Pro Leather Cutting Machine, was remodelled using SolidWorks 2022 software. The original design of the Hand Press Machine had a design efficiency of 25.89%. However, the improved design achieved a significantly higher design efficiency of 36.56%, representing an increase of 10.67%. To attain this improvement, four modifications were implemented. One notable achievement in the improved design was a reduction in the total number of parts. The original design comprised 52 parts, whereas the improved design successfully reduced this to 34 parts, resulting in a reduction of 18 parts. The cost analysis, based on total absorption cost, revealed that the manufacturing cost of the original design was estimated at $362.01 for 18 manufactured parts. In contrast, the improved design was able to achieve a cost reduction, with an estimated manufacturing cost of around $339.16 for 16 manufactured parts. This indicates a cost reduction of $22.85 between the two models.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Optimal Bending Types in Die Process of L-Shaped Panels Considering the Springback Behaviours","authors":"Salfarina Rozeman, Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, Ali Sophian, S. H. Tomadi","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.03.2024.02","url":null,"abstract":"In die designing, one of the most crucial decisions is selecting the appropriate die process required to produce panels. The challenge for die designer is to comprehend the behaviour of the panel material in relation to the die processes. If the die process is not correctly determined before die fabrication, severe panel spring back may occur, which can become difficult and require additional time and effort to rectify. This paper presents research aimed at understanding the behaviour of different types of bending process combinations concerning the spring back occurrence during the stamping process of an L-shaped design intent panel. Using simulation and experiment, three types of materials with different tensile properties of 270 MPa, 440 MPa and 590 MPa, but the same thickness of 1.8 mm, were selected. The results were compared, analysed and optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The results demonstrate that one-process bending with full bending (compress type) approach, is the most suitable for the three materials type L-shaped panel. The study provides guidelines for die design engineers, industrial practitioners and researchers to decide on the best approach for die process decisions, when dealing with specific panels properties, shape and thickness.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation into Strength Properties of Ribbed Mild Steel Reinforcing Bars (RMSRBs) Produced by Local Companies in Ghana","authors":"H. Danso, Mohammed Sumaila","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.02","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of high-rise buildings has increased the production and demand of ribbed mild steel reinforcing bars (RMSRBs) in Ghana. This study aimed at investigating the strength properties of RMSRBs manufactured in Ghana from scrap metals. Three steel-producing companies were considered for this study. A total of 90 samples of 12, 16, and 20mm diameters with lengths of 500, 50, and 20mm were used for the study. The prepared specimens were subjected to tensile strength test, chemical composition analysis, micro-hardness test, and microstructure analysis. The results indicate that the average tensile strength of between 576.00 and 768.40N/mm2 were above the minimum tensile strength of 250N/mm2 recommended by ASTM E8/E8M-16a. The carbon equivalent values (CEVs) of between 0.287 and 0.333% obtained were almost within the range of 0.3 to 0.55% recommended by ASTM A706/A706M-09b. It was also identified that the average Vickers hardness values of between 255.76 and 295.38HV were acceptable. The microstructural images showed good distribution of the pearlite and ferrite of the core. One Way ANOVA results indicated that the differences in the tensile strength values for 12mm (p-value ˂0.000) and 16mm (p-value =0.001) were statistically significant, however, the 20mm (p-value =0.138) was not statistically significant. The study, therefore, concludes that the strength properties of the 12, 16, and 20mm diameters of the RMSRBs produced by the three different companies in Ghana meet the standard requirements, and are recommended for use by contractors for the production of reinforced concrete.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"349 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation of Waste Shea Nutshell Fine-Grained Particles to Enhanced Strength and Durability Behaviour of Concrete","authors":"Patrick Zievie, Peter Paa-kofi yalley, H. Danso, Kwaku Antwi","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.01","url":null,"abstract":"Shea nutshells possess properties that stabilise soil enough to resist water penetration. It is a waste material and incorporating it as an additive material in concrete will be a means by which it can be recycled. With this projection, the study incorporated shea nutshell particles (SSP) as fine aggregates in concrete. The aim was to determine their influence on strength and durability properties. Fine aggregates were partially replaced with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% SSP based on the weight of the aggregate, and labelled as A0, S10, S20, S30 and S40 respectively. Concrete cubes of size 150 mm and cylinders of diameter 150 mm and height of 300 mm were prepared and cured for 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. The concrete was tested for density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, and sulphate attack. The inclusion of the SSP did not improve the compressive and split tensile strengths. However, water absorption and sulphate attack decreased with further addition. Though, strength properties did not appreciate, values at 10%, 20% and 30% additions in 28 and 90 days satisfied the 28 days minimum requirement of 25 N/mm2. Hence, the study recommends the use of SSP in concrete production up to 30%.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled Household Plastic and Oil Palm Filler Reinforced Epoxy Composite for Lightweight Construction Applications","authors":"Adrian Wong Qin Jun, Ai Ling Fong, S. Debnath, Mohammad Yeakub Ali","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.09.02.2024.03","url":null,"abstract":"Polypropylene is extensively used in aerospace, automotive and construction applications due to its versatile properties. This project aims to reduce plastic and oil palm waste and promote the development of strong, sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials. The objective of this project is to develop a sustainable yet high-performance construction material by incorporating polypropylene particles, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and oil palm shell (OPS) particles into epoxy composites through the hand lay-up method. The composite specimens undergo ASTM D638 tensile test to determine the tensile properties. The addition of PP particles in varying weights shows decrease in tensile strength, likely due to poor dispersion and compatibility with the epoxy matrix. Incorporating 3 wt% OPEFB fibres with fibre length from 2mm to 4mm improves tensile strength by 2.32% and 23.36% respectively at higher PP particle loadings which are 15 wt% and 25 wt%. Adding 1 wt% and 3 wt% OPS particles improves the tensile strength by 2.96% and 4.68% respectively, in composites with 10 wt% PP particles and 3 wt% OPEFB fibres. The tensile performance may be improved by treating PP particles with compatibilizers such as silane or maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Optimal Smartphone Placement for Identifying Stairs Movement using Machine Learning","authors":"MRA Shourov, M. A. B. Husman, Siti Fauziah Toha, Farahiyah Jasni","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of gait activities such as stair ascending and descending poses a significant challenge due to the proximity of data provided by the sensory pathway. Accurate identification of gait activities is crucial in conveying essential gait information to users for the recognition of human movement activities. However, gait patterns can vary significantly between individuals, making it challenging to develop a generalized algorithm for identifying incline surface gait activity. Factors such as walking speed, stride length, and body mechanics can all influence gait patterns, making it difficult to establish a consistent framework. Despite various research on gait event detection for level ground walking, the identification of gait activities on an inclined surface such as stairs, especially using smartphones as sensors, is currently lacking. The goal of this study is to investigate and develop a reliable and accurate method for detecting gait activities on an inclined surface such as stairs using smartphones as the sensing device. Specifically, this study focuses on investigating optimal placement of smartphones to extract tri- axis accelerometer data from the inertial sensors during stair movement. The inertial sensor data was collected from the smartphone at two different positions and two different orientations. The data was trained against 6 machine learning algorithms namely Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Neural Networks and KNN. It was observed that, by using Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithm 100% accuracy was achieved, when smartphone was placed at the thigh during stair movement. Successful identification of stair movement activity by using a smartphone can significantly contribute to future research and could also prove useful to the wider community such as amputees and those with pathological gait. In addition, since smartphones are available to a wide group of people, a low-cost solution for gait activity identification can be realized, without requiring the use of external sensors and circuitry.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature on Penetration of Test Liquid into Boiler Pipe","authors":"Zaenal Abidin Zaenal Abidin, Setyo Aji Wisnu Wibowo, Tasih Mulyono, Erry Yulian T. Adesta, Agus Geter Edy Sutjipto","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"Limitations of time in conducting superheater inspections during overhaul, allowing inspectors to conduct liquid penetrant testing activities above pre-determined temperatures. This results in results obtained from the superheater inspection tube boiler indicating a false defect. This study aims to determine the optimal temperature and the impact of testing above the temperature that has been determined in ASME boiler and pressure vessel code using liquid penetrant testing method. This study uses 3 different penetrant brands and test specimens in the form of a superhater tube boiler. Spraying of penetrant fluid is carried out at normal temperature of 30–52oC and above normal temperature is 53–65 oC. The best crack and easy to read image results are tested at 40 °C A, B and C. For testing at temperature 53–65 oC crack thickness level is not clear and hard to read.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Smart Downtime Monitoring System in Glove Production","authors":"Abd Halim Embong, Fatin Diyana Yahya, Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacturing industry is pushing forward with the smart machineries, linked networks, and a smart environment to enhance Big Data’s operations – gaining intelligence and actionable real-time insights for higher efficient and smart production. However, in many parts of the manufacturing industry, manual monitoring system is still the usual practice, especially the long-established plants that consist of legacy machines. The monitoring processes of the lines in Top Glove F31 such as recording the lines’ downtime duration, checking the source of the stoppage, transferring the data into spreadsheet, and analyzing the downtime of the lines are all being carried out by human operators. There is a high tendency for the workers to overlook the maintenance of the system because of this work practice, and it will contribute to higher unplanned downtime of the lines. Thus, this project proposes to design an automatic downtime monitoring system that consists of sensors, PLC’s programming, and IoT technologies that can decrease the dependency on workers and not prone to human mistakes to reduce the unplanned downtime of the lines and increase the efficiency of the system.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionising Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review on Advancements in Nanomaterial-based Theranostics","authors":"Merjan Jabarkhil, Ayisha S. Azizi, Syeda Zubia Imam, Abdulrahman Alrabbat, Khawaja Danyal Hasan, Muhammad Hasibul Hasan","doi":"10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.08.04.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent struggle against cancer has given rise to the development of nanotheranostics, a domain that integrates therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities within nanoscale structures. This paper explores advancements in nanomaterials and nanoparticles for cancer nanotheranostics, focusing on their design, significance, and applications. The incorporation of biocompatible nanoparticles in cancer therapy offers personalised, targeted approaches while minimising side effects. The use of nanomaterials such as metals, polymers, and lipids enable precise drug delivery and imaging. Various imaging modalities, including ultrasound and fluorescence, complement therapeutic strategies for enhanced precision. Critical parameters for nanomaterial selection and design are discussed, emphasising biocompatibility, targeting efficiency, and drug delivery capacity. Biocompatibility ensures safe interactions within biological systems, requiring mitigation of toxicological concerns through strategies like anti-inflammatory peptides or ligand-functionalization. Targeting efficiency combines passive and active targeting to enhance specificity, reshaping cancer diagnostics and therapy. Drug delivery capacity is achieved through engineered core-shell structures with distinct properties, including liposomes, micelles, and dendrimers, each tailored for targeted therapy and imaging. This paper also discusses the advancements in the field of cancer treatment using nanotheranostics and its economic impact on the Canadian healthcare systems while following the ethical guidelines towards patients’ consent, privacy, and the proper use of emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":474637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}