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Social Buildings: Soil Geochemistry and Anthropogenic Patterns from Late Iron Age Finland 社会建筑:芬兰铁器时代晚期的土壤地球化学和人为模式
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2087024
Elisabeth Holmqvist, K. Ilves
{"title":"Social Buildings: Soil Geochemistry and Anthropogenic Patterns from Late Iron Age Finland","authors":"Elisabeth Holmqvist, K. Ilves","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2087024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2087024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present geochemical data of soils sampled from two Late Iron Age (a.d. 550–1050) buildings at Bartsgårda on the Åland Islands, Finland. The houses had different constructions and use-patterns, one being an intensively used dwelling house, rich in finds, whereas the other, scarce in finds, had a more specialized character, linked to ceremonial rather than domestic activities. Systematic and targeted feature sampling was carried out to analyze 190 samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) to 1) identify floor/activity levels in the houses based on vertical and horizontal geochemical anomalies; 2) compare the anthropogenic activity signals of the buildings; and, 3) test a rapid and cost-efficient ex situ analytical strategy for geochemical characterization of archaeological soils. Although the long-term use of the site as a livestock paddock introduced some complexities, based on the geochemical and micromorphological data, the houses had several activity levels and markedly different anthropogenic profiles.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"379 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overlooked—Enigmatic—Underrated: The City Khar Khul Khaany Balgas in the Heartland of the Mongol World Empire 被忽视--神秘--被低估：蒙古世界帝国心脏地带的城市哈尔科夫
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2085916
S. Reichert, N. Erdene-Ochir, S. Linzen, L. Munkhbayar, J. Bemmann
{"title":"Overlooked—Enigmatic—Underrated: The City Khar Khul Khaany Balgas in the Heartland of the Mongol World Empire","authors":"S. Reichert, N. Erdene-Ochir, S. Linzen, L. Munkhbayar, J. Bemmann","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2085916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2085916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cities in the Eurasian steppes, a core of nomadic empires, are rare. Erecting a city from scratch is even less typical. However, Khar Khul Khaany Balgas, situated north of the Khangai Mountains in central Mongolia, is such an exceptional example, never built over by subsequent settlements. Overlooked until now because researchers dated its latest settlement phase into the 17th century a.d., the first radiocarbon dates and material culture prove its existence during the Mongol empire only. During the past years, we conducted comprehensive geophysical and topographic mapping of the site, as well as a pedestrian survey, including its hinterland, and excavated a kiln. The layout of the city resembles that of the capital, Karakorum. Both cities together reveal that the Mongol Khans had a specific idea about the organization of a city. They were dependent on Chinese craftsmen to erect the buildings but not on Chinese city planning and ideology.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"397 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44059015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jels 3, a New Late Palaeolithic Open-Air Site in Denmark, Sheds Light on the Pioneer Colonization of Northern Europe 杰尔斯3号，丹麦旧石器时代晚期的一个新的露天遗址，揭示了北欧拓荒者的殖民化
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2086346
Jesper B. Pedersen, M. E. Poulsen, F. Riede
{"title":"Jels 3, a New Late Palaeolithic Open-Air Site in Denmark, Sheds Light on the Pioneer Colonization of Northern Europe","authors":"Jesper B. Pedersen, M. E. Poulsen, F. Riede","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2086346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2086346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Late Upper Palaeolithic Hamburgian tradition reflects the earliest known human presence in northern Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum. We report here on the open-air site of Jels 3 (Denmark) and its associated stone tool assemblage, which can be unambiguously attributed to this period. Along with only a handful of other sites, Jels 3 represents the northernmost limits of human expansion in Europe at this time. We conduct a technological analysis of the lithic material from Jels 3 and other relevant sites to shed new light on the behavioral processes that likely underwrote this expansion. Given that sites dating to this initial dispersal remain few, are restricted to certain geographic regions, and represent an overall lack of a well-developed settlement hierarchy, we suggest that this dispersal process is most commensurable with the earlier stages of a leap-frogging colonization targeting specific landscape elements and that it was quite possibly very short-lived.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"360 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Embedded Household Specialization: The Bifaces from YāçkEtEl on the Northwest Coast 嵌入式家庭专业化:来自YāçkEtEl西北海岸的双面面
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2087017
Morgan Ritchie, Jesse Morin, Jerram B. Ritchie, N. Waber, Michael Blake, R. McMillan
{"title":"Embedded Household Specialization: The Bifaces from YāçkEtEl on the Northwest Coast","authors":"Morgan Ritchie, Jesse Morin, Jerram B. Ritchie, N. Waber, Michael Blake, R. McMillan","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2087017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2087017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A biface workspace dating to ca. cal a.d. 100–400 was identified during recent excavation at the Sts’ailes-Coast Salish village of YāçkEtEl, on the Harrison River on the Northwest Coast of North America. Based on a range of analyses, we suggest that a specialist crafted large bifaces produced as prestigious objects for exchange within a ceremonial interaction sphere and smaller, more functional bifaces for household and local purposes. The workspace was a shed-like structure adjacent to their house, and the toolstone was acquired nearby from previously undocumented quarries within the territory. This is the only documented evidence for the manufacture of large prestigious bifaces in the region and consequently provides insights into the social relations of lithic acquisition, production, exchange, and consumption. In particular, we examine the social and economic roles and contributions of lithic specialists embedded within households.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"451 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward Systematic Underwater Survey of Mediterranean Maritime Activity along the Southern Turkish Coast 对土耳其南部海岸地中海海上活动的系统水下调查
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2076189
Harun Özdaş, Justin Leidwanger, James Gross, Nilhan Kızıldağ
{"title":"Toward Systematic Underwater Survey of Mediterranean Maritime Activity along the Southern Turkish Coast","authors":"Harun Özdaş, Justin Leidwanger, James Gross, Nilhan Kızıldağ","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2076189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2076189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study offers a methodology for field survey and analysis of artifact-rich contexts in near-shore waters. Faced with mixed deposition of fragmentary ceramics and other materials along the tectonically active southern Turkish coast at Kekova Adası, we combined rapid artifact counts, in situ object documentation, large-area photogrammetry, and selective artifact sampling. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of published shipwrecks and anchorages, as well as onshore port assemblages throughout the area, facilitate comparison with these mixed maritime remains at Kekova Adası, allowing signatures to be distinguished among different depositional contexts, from transshipment and anchoring to harbor tasks and local consumption. The approach provides a framework to evaluate more systematically the underwater survey finds from complex and disturbed contexts and to analyze a broader range of often-overlooked archaeological data in the study of the many maritime activities and interactions that marked the coastal waters of the ancient Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"324 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fortified Communities in the South Caucasus: Insights from Mtsvane Gora and Dmanisis Gora 南高加索的强化社区：Mtsvane Gora和Dmanisis Gora的见解
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2074647
N. Erb-Satullo, Dimitri Jachvliani
{"title":"Fortified Communities in the South Caucasus: Insights from Mtsvane Gora and Dmanisis Gora","authors":"N. Erb-Satullo, Dimitri Jachvliani","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2074647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2074647","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fortresses are defining features of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age landscape in the South Caucasus, with hundreds of sites recorded in archaeological surveys in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and northeastern Turkey. Yet, research on how these communities functioned is dominated by evidence from the small fraction of these sites that have been excavated, and regional variability remains underexplored. This paper discusses excavations at two such fortresses in the Lesser Caucasus borderlands and contextualizes them within global discussions about fortresses and their associated communities. Analysis of architecture, ceramics, and small finds identified evidence for a diverse range of activities within these compounds, including both craft production and ritual activity. While the size and construction of the two fortresses differ, the evidence for significant occupation at both suggests that these fortresses were durable communities, not temporary refugia. Further work is necessary, however, to assess whether these fortresses were highly ordered institutions centralized under elite rule or heterarchical communities joined by common interest.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"305 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d. 安第斯山脉中南部的古气候重现:公元2000年的高海拔牧民住所。
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2072161
S. Baitzel, Martin Polo y La Borda, B. Konecky, Jarunetr Sae-Lim, Arturo F. Rivera Infante
{"title":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d.","authors":"S. Baitzel, Martin Polo y La Borda, B. Konecky, Jarunetr Sae-Lim, Arturo F. Rivera Infante","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2072161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2072161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Statement of Retraction: Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d. We, the Editor[s] and Publisher of Journal of Field Archaeology , have retracted the following article: Sarah I. Baitzel, Martin Polo y La Borda, Bronwen L. Konecky, Jarunetr Sae-Lim and Arturo F. Rivera Infante; Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d. Journal of Field Archaeology VOL 47, 2022 pages 341-359 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2072161 Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors checked their data and confirmed there are fundamental errors present. Therefore, they have agreed to the retraction of this article. The authors apologise for this oversight. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"341 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45651487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systematic Versus Random Sampling in Approaches to Landscape Archaeology: The Umma Survey Project in Southern Mesopotamia 景观考古方法中的系统抽样与随机抽样:美索不达米亚南部乌玛调查项目
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2060604
Stephanie Rost, A. Michele
{"title":"Systematic Versus Random Sampling in Approaches to Landscape Archaeology: The Umma Survey Project in Southern Mesopotamia","authors":"Stephanie Rost, A. Michele","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2060604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2060604","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological research in Iraq of the past three decades emphasized landscape archaeology with many newly initiated survey projects next to the more traditional excavations of archaeological sites. The utility of survey data, collected in the 1950–1980s, to address specific historical questions has been impaired by the lack of a representative and sufficiently detailed pottery chronology, particularly for southern Mesopotamia. Based on the initial results of the Umma Survey Project, we argue that systematic sampling strategies have the potential to reduce or overcome those limitations and contribute to building a representative pottery typology of the region with a higher chronological resolution. We argue that landscape archaeology’s contribution to the reconstruction of Mesopotamian history can only be fully realized by considerably improving the existing pottery sequences. Furthermore, the systematic mapping of occupation areas on the sites provides important insights into settlement behavior responding to changing environments.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"285 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59024237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sacred Sites for Suburbanites: Organic Urban Growth and Neighborhood Formation at Preclassic Ceibal, Guatemala 郊区人的圣地：危地马拉前古典主义Ceibal的有机城市增长和社区形成
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2052583
M. Burham
{"title":"Sacred Sites for Suburbanites: Organic Urban Growth and Neighborhood Formation at Preclassic Ceibal, Guatemala","authors":"M. Burham","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2052583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2052583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines ancient Maya urbanization and neighborhood formation during the Preclassic period by focusing on evidence from five minor temple groups at Ceibal, Guatemala. During the Late Preclassic (ca. 350–75 b.c.) and Terminal Preclassic (ca. 75 b.c.–a.d. 300) periods, minor temple complexes were constructed at regular intervals in outlying areas of Ceibal. These complexes were built at different times, and each is distinct in size, shape, and construction materials. Geospatial analyses of settlement based on a lidar survey reveals residential clustering around the temples, and excavations of nearby patios indicate they were occupied contemporaneously with their associated temple. Together, the evidence suggests that local groups of people built their own temple complexes as they began to settle in new areas. Urbanization at Ceibal can be explained as a generative process involving an interplay between top-down influences from the epicenter and organic cooperation among incoming residents.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"262 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49584639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
“Your Mysterious Instruments”: American Devices and Imperial Designs in Cold War Archaeology “你的神秘仪器”:冷战考古中的美国装置和帝国设计
IF 1.9 1区 历史学
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2041279
L. Meskell, Sarah W. Laporte
{"title":"“Your Mysterious Instruments”: American Devices and Imperial Designs in Cold War Archaeology","authors":"L. Meskell, Sarah W. Laporte","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2041279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2041279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper tracks a world of instruments and global designs in a new era of archaeology, spearheaded by Froelich Rainey in his role as Director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Post-WWII scientific development, industrial-military-academic partnerships, and American adventurism were all brought together through Rainey’s archaeological expeditions. During the 1960s, Penn’s field projects were strategically positioned across the globe, with many trialing a novel technique or different device: Rainey launched a prototype submarine off the Turkish coast, magnetometers and sonic devices across Italy, resistivity in Mexico, and infrared aerial cameras over the Mediterranean. Archaeological innovation was tied to, and developed directly out of, US nuclear ambition and the leveraging of ‘peaceful’ atomic research, and American Cold War collaborations that united science, exploration, and culture for mutual benefit. Here we underscore the connectivities between diverse actors and activities, nuclear science, tech companies, private foundations, and philanthropists, coupled with the military and intelligence community.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"212 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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